...Dr. Armiger Response paper #2 4/26/12 Oil Crisis in the 1970’s The Oil Crisis of the 1970’s was a major period in American history, when a number of political, global and social events came together to create a ‘perfect storm’. The Seventies was an era filled with people seeking self-fulfillment (The ‘Me’ Decade), where the nation was growing at a fast pace. People, during this time, concentrated on their own leisure and happiness. Behind the narcissism and selfishness of many people’s attitudes, an oil crisis struck America which largely impacted the automobile industry and led to a rise in gas prices. The combination of stagnant growth and price inflation during this era raises many issues, while many attempts to end the crisis, such as Jimmy Carter’s Energy plan, substantially made it worse. These problems caused Americans to focus more on economic issues versus social issues. The “Me Decade,” a term coined by novelist Tom Wolfe, was a concept of the Seventies- “an era of narcissism, selfishness, personal rather than political awareness… The ‘70’s was the decade in which people put emphasis on the skin, on the surface, rather than on the roof of things… It was the decade in which image became preeminent because nothing deeper was going on (Schulman, 145).” It described the new American self-awareness and the collective retreat from history, community and human reciprocity. Compared to the 1960’s, Americans in the 1970’s were self-absorbed and passive; it was a stylistic...
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...The 1973 Oil Crisis By Sarah Horton In October of 1973 Middle-eastern OPEC nations stopped exports to the US and other western nations. They meant to punish the western nations that supported Israel, their foe, in the Yom Kippur War, but they also realized the strong influence that they had on the world through oil. One of the many results of the embargo was higher oil prices all throughout the western world, particularly in America. The embargo forced America to consider many things about energy, such as the cost and supply, which up to 1973 no one had worried about (Spiegelman). In order to understand the main cause of the oil crisis one must first know the history of the region and the ArabIsraeli conflict. World War II a Zionist state, known as Israel, was created on 56% of the land that was formerly known as Palestine. This state served as a homeland for Jews. The local Arabs were enraged by the fact that the Palestinian land had been taken to create this state. They refused to acknowledge Israel as an independent state. The Arabs began to launch efforts to recapture the land that they felt was rightfully theirs. This created the Suez-Sinai War. The British and the French sided with the Israelis in order to punish Nasser for nationalizing the Suez Canal. The strong Israeli military forces quickly defeated the Arabs. The Arabs responded to this defeat by uniting. In 1967 Israel launched the Six-Day War, claiming much land. In 1973 Arab forces retaliated. On Yom...
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...Why is the USA in energy crisis? 1) Consumption In 2007 USA consumed 23.8% of the world’s oil 2) Reliance on imports Between 1960 and 2003 USA’s reliance on imported gas and oil increased by 18% to 58% 9/11 terrorist attack highlight concerns on dependence on imports from the Middle East 3) Price In 2006 the price of oil had risen from $20 to $60 per barrel . In 2008 the oil was $140 4) Reserves of fossil fuels are being to run out reserves should last for between 40-65 years 5) Global sources of energy are unevenly distributed most are concentrated in politically unstable parts of the world 6) Demand for energy is increasing the growth of economies in China and India has meant more competition for resources So why is California suffering an energy crisis? Due to the fact that the US energy market is privatised the market is driven by the desire to make most profit. Between June 2000 and May 2001 California experienced a series of blackouts due to various factors: a. The weather: 2000 was the 3rd years of drought so less surplus energy due to lack of hydro-electricity from surrounding states Summer was very hot so increased demand for air-conditioning Winter was unusually cold so increased need for heating b. Insufficient generating capacity strong anti-pollution laws in the 1970s meant energy companies were unwilling to build new power stations that were expensive c. Limited capacity of power lines to important more electricity d. Eron...
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...Energy Conservation Plan Keenan Williams SCI 275 April 15, 2012 Sarah Franklin Energy Conservation Plan Energy is something that is a necessity for the human race to function. People are very ignorant when it comes to conserving energy, which in turn wastes what little non renewable resources remaining and becoming scarcer. A non renewable energy source is something that cannot be reproduced or grown; it comes from sources that can be completely depleted, such as fossil fuels, oils, and natural gases ("U.s. Energy Information Administration", ). When our non renewable sources start becoming harder to obtain, the price to use them goes up. The majority of the energy we use comes from non renewable sources. Energy is wasted daily basis. Leaving lights on during the day, leaving televisions on when no one is watching it, having multiple electronics plugged in to the wall instead of a surge protector, leaving the air conditioner running when no one is home, and doing laundry all throughout the day instead of doing it when the rates of electricity is lower are all ways that energy is wasted. A good way to stop the wasting of energy is to avoid those mentioned activities. These are just small things people can change in order to conserve energy, and if everyone would do it, it could make a big difference. The issue of energy conservation has both living and non living contributing factors. The biggest living contributing factor...
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...address: MuhammadArslan73@gmail.com ABSTRACT People of Pakistan are facing a number of problems due to CNG load shedding. This study investigated the consequences of energy on routines of people and also on social and economic performance of people. Primary data has been collected by conducting video recorded interviews and comment based interviews from twin cities i.e. Islamabad and Rawalpindi of Pakistan. The sample of study includes students, housewives, businessmen and professional workers who are affecting by this CNG shortage. This study focuses on relationship between CNG shortage and its effect on daily routine life and performance of people. It also focuses on psychological issues as well as the economic issues that are caused due to this shortage. This study utilizes in depth semi structured interviews to conduct the qualitative study. N-Vivo 10 is used as tool of data analysis. The CNG shortage in Pakistan caused many critical issues like unemployment, decrease in export contracts and commodities prices are increasing due to this shortage. Less working hours, lack of social and family gathering, increase in work load, depression and anxiety are results caused by CNG shortage. It is concluded that CNG shortage has bad impact on people’s lives and on their overall performance. Keywords: Pakistan; CNG Shortage; Energy; N-Vivo; Commodities 1. INTRODUCTION 1. 1. Background of Study The price of international trade oil that took...
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...THE ENERGY CRISIS IN PAKISTAN Submitted By GROUP 7 1. Abdul-Rehman (3702) 2. Rehan Hussain (3777) 3. Ubaid-ur-Rehman (3778) 4. Junaid Ghayoor Hussain (3780) 5. Muhammad Ansaar (3824) 6. Abdul Sami khan (3825) ABSTRACT Electricity Crisis in Pakistan is one of the severe challenges the country is facing today. Electricity is essential part of our daily life and its outage has severely affected the economy and overall living of ours. Thousands have lost their jobs, businesses; our daily life has become miserable. Pakistan is currently facing upto 18 hours of electricity outage a day, is expected to face more if not dealt with in time. The purpose of this study is to analyze the nature of this crisis and to propose some short-term as well as long-term solutions to this problem. This study is exploratory in nature. We have done our best to conclude and sketch up some recommendations in the light of identified hurdles in the way of implementing the appropriate solution to our problem. Our study finds some major wholes in our system if they are covered up we can not only overcome the deficiency of electricity in our systems but also we can be able to export it to our neighboring countries. The basic flaws that our study identified are related to circular debt, and the inadequate capacity of our electricity production and distribution systems. Also we emphasized on some prospective alternatives to...
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...How Crude Oil Prices Affect Gas Prices Crude oil prices make up 71% of the price of gasoline. The rest of what you pay at the pump depends on refinery and distribution costs, corporate profits, and Federal taxes. Usually, these costs remain stable, so that the daily change in the price of gasoline accurately reflects oil price fluctuations. (Source: EIA, FAQ, December 6, 2013) It usually takes about six weeks for oil price changes to work their way through the distribution system to the gas pump. Oil prices are a little more volatile than gas prices. This means oil prices might rise higher, and fall farther, than gas prices. Historical Oil and Gas Prices: Oil and gas prices have been especially volatile since the 2008 financial crash. Here's a look at their peaks and valleys, and what caused the price swings. * 2014 - Prices remained around $100/barrel. That's because the U.S. has plenty of shale oil. 2013 - Oil rose swiftly to $118.90/barrel on February 8, sending gas prices to $3.85 by February 25. Prices had started rising earlier than normal thanks to Iran's threatening war games near the Straits of Hormuz. What Causes High Oil Prices?: Like most of the things you buy, oil prices are affected by supply and demand. More demand, like the summer driving season, drives higher prices. There is usually less demand in the winter, since only the Northeast U.S. uses heating oil. However, oil prices are also affected by oil price futures, which are traded on the commodities...
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...California than in other parts of America. The literature reviewed showed that West gasoline market dominated by California is defined by tight balance between supply and demand. Other factors found to be contributing the escalating gas price in California include isolation of the state from other refining centers, market conditions including international demand, Wall Street speculation, poor policies leading to uncontrolled oil cartels, decline of oil production during technical failure, political interferences, and increasing prices of crude oil due to demand forces. Despite there being no quick solution to the challenge, temporary measures such as efficient use of the available resource while looking for alternative cheaper source of energy could alleviate the challenge. Why Gas Prices are Higher in California than in Other Parts of US The Rising gasoline and oil prices have today become a world concern (Garrington, 2012). More concerns are raised considering that petroleum is an important product whose price continues escalating for the last sixty years (Murray, 2012). Currently, the highest percentage of gasoline cost (75-80%) in most parts of the world is determined by petroleum cost (Murray, 2012). In America, the other percentage (20-25%) is largely influenced by American’s government policy and other factors (Murray, 2012). The increasing prices may also be due to reduced growth in world’s oil and gas supply and artificially low...
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...14 Demand-side management sustainable energy regulation and policymaking for africa MODULE 14: DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT page iii CONTENTS 1. MODULE OBJECTIVES 14.1 1.1. Module overview 14.1 1.2. Module aims 14.1 1.3. Module learning outcomes 14.2 2. INTRODUCTION 14.3 3. WHY PROMOTE DSM? 14.5 4. WHAT DRIVES DSM? 14.7 4.1. Cost reduction and environmental motives 14.8 4.2. Reliability and network motives 14.10 5. TYPES OF DSM MEASURES 14.13 5.1. Energy reduction programmes 14.13 5.2. Load management programmes 14.31 5.3. Load growth and conservation programmes 14.34 6. INFORMATION DISSEMINATION ON DSM 14.37 7. CHALLENGES OF IMPLEMENTING DSM PROGRAMMES 14.39 8. CONCLUSION 14.41 LEARNING RESOURCES 14.43 Key points covered 14.43 Answers to review questions 14.43 Exercises 14.44 Presentation/suggested discussion topics 14.45 Relevant case studies 14.45 REFERENCES 14.46 INTERNET RESOURCES 14.47 GLOSSARY/DEFINITION OF KEY CONCEPTS 14.47 Case study 1. Lighting retrofitting in the United Republic of Tanzania 14.49 Case study 2. United Republic of Tanzania: Power factor correction 14.59 Case study 3. Zambia: Automatic load control and alternative energy supply at Lusaka water and sewerage company 14.67 Case study 4. Zambia: University energy assessment 14.73 Case study 5. Why DSM initially failed in Ghana 14.79 PowerPoint presentation: ENERGY EFFICIENCY Module 14: Demand-side management 14.87 SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REGULATION AND POLICY-MAKING TRAINING MANUAL ...
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...If there was a way to ensure that they don't harm the animals while they do it, than I'd say go for it.The gas prices are gone crazy, but it isn't the gas prices themselves that are the big problem. The price of gas has caused everything else to skyrocket.I mean something really has to be done. Last December I was paying $7.89 for 50lbs of corn for my chickens, and last week I paid $16.39 for 50lbs. Last summer milk was under $3 a gallon. This summer I stopped buying milk after it went over $5.50 a gallon. Last sumer oranges were 10 fr a dollar, this summer they are $1.25 per orange! Pomergrants were .99c last year, they are $3.99 this year. Why? Because of the trucking shortage. Truckers can't afford gas to ship food to the stores, stores are raising prices because their shelves are not being restocked.Did you know that in December it cost me $30 a month to buy cat, and now just 6 months later it cost me $90 per month for the same amount of catfood! That's triple the about in less than 6 months!It was on the news last night that the food prices have gone up so much that people can no longer afford to pay their daily bills. They said there are home for closers at a rate of 8,000 per day, as a result, and they expect that number to rise over the next 2 months.... that's more for closers per day than we saw in the 1920's, which says to me that if something isn't done, and done soon, we are going to be hit with a second great depression and it'll make the last one look like a pleasant...
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...Dependency upon oil The world’s economy and the world’s way of life, has become extremely reliant on oil. The U.S. and other countries can reverse their decision to be reliant on oil over a long period of time, but in the mean time, they have been extremely reliant on the free flow of oil and the energy oil produces. It’s more than reasonable to suggest that all countries including the U.S. has a plan of action to deal with manmade or natural disaster disruptions to the oil needs. For the U.S., disasters such as 9/11 and the Katrina hurricane have suggested that we do not have an emergency plan that’s needed to counteract a short-term energy disruption. Focus is given to the U.S. and how we need a plan for not only short-term issues and disruptions, but also a long-term plan and how any of it can be used as being flexible if one part fails. If the U.S. or any other country decides to release their heavy reliance on oil, it would not only create a safer world but also a cleaner world. Consequences for society- o “Oil dependence lies behind the jihadist threat” or terrorist attacks o “Oil dependence reduces the leverage of the world community in responding to threats from oil-exporting nations” can’t bargain very well… o “Economic growth in oil consuming nations increases the demand for oil and pushes up oil prices.” Hurts pocket books… o “For the United States, of course, any increase in the dollar price of oil is immediately felt as an increased price burden, possibly...
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...Lana. I agree that we should continue to drill until we have another source or other sources available to us to conserve more energy. At the same time be relentlessly seeking alternatives to drilling in order to rapidly start increasing the health of our people, our land, and our animals. COMPETE Coalition is more than 600 electricity stakeholders, including customers, suppliers, traditional and clean energy generators, transmission owners, trade associations, technology innovators, environmental organizations and economic development corporations – all of whom support well-structured competitive electricity markets for the benefit our country. c38167102 I think that this organization is on the right track to a healthier United States, and is a perfect example of the view that I have on energy conservation. The things that might hinder my thinking when it comes to alternatives for energy efficient living is change of habits; tendencies to use a lot of energy for multiple of reasons such as: watching television, communications, and a phobia of the dark. It would be hard for me to make these changes, because I have relied on these things in excess for so long. But, I can overcome these habits by the force of love that flows within me (which is my spirit), for the people, the children, and the world as a whole. I will start by buying more candles, energy saving light-bulbs, and an extra trash can or two. I will get in the habit of unplugging items when not in use, turning off...
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...Demers** Economist Research Department Bank of Canada Abstract This paper develops simple econometric models to analyze and forecast three components of the Bank of Canada commodity price index (BCPI), namely non-energy commodity prices (BCNE), the West Texas Intermediate crude oil price (WTI), and other energy prices. In the paper, we present different methodologies to identify transitory and permanent components of movements in these prices. A structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model is used for real BCNE prices, a multiple structural-break technique is employed for real crude oil prices, and an errorcorrection model is constructed for real prices of other energy components. Then we use these transitory and permanent components to develop forecasting models. We assess our models’ performance in various aspects, and our main results indicate: (a) for real BCNE prices, most of the short-run variation is attributed to demand shocks, (b) the world economic activity and real U.S. dollar effective exchange rate explain much of the cyclical variation of real BCNE prices, (c) real crude oil prices have two structural breaks over the sample period, and their link with the world economic activity is strongest in the most recent regime, (d) real prices of other energy components are highly correlated with the U.S. economic activity, and they are co-integrated with real crude oil prices, (e) our models outperform benchmark models, namely a VAR model, autoregressive (AR) model and...
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...Fuel-and-energy Complex Ecologization Actions Among the FEC ecologization tasks, top priority is given to the following: • improvement of the quality of coal fired by TPP, gradual implementation of modern heat-and-power generation technologies, including the cogeneration ones, equipment of the FEC companies with efficient emission/ discharge control systems to trap (reduce) the contaminating agents released to atmosphere, etc.; • increase in efficiency in degassing of coal mines to minimize the risks of gas inflows in the underground mine zones, and take preventive actions against gas-triggered accidents in the zones; • prevention of inflammation in rock piles and dumps by covering them with inert materials, reclamation the sites etc.; • use of water from water reservoirs for eligible purposes only, and prevention of thermal and chemical pollution of the surface and underground water by means of significant reduction of thermally and chemically polluted discharges from industrial facilities through improvements of production technologies, water supply and wastewater purification systems using environmentally safe filters, adsorption materials, reagents; • implementation of modern water demineralization technologies to process highly mineralized mine water, and introduction of sound regulations and procedures as to discharges of slightly mineralized mine water in rivers and water reservoirs; prevent discharges of polluted drainage water saturated with...
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...OF MARKETING AND FINANCIAL BARRIERS FOR THE MANUFACTURERS OF TARGETED ENERGY EFFICIENCT PRODUCTS INTRODUCTION This report addresses the barrier that manufacturers are often distrustful of standards and labels, and their objections can delay ES&L efforts or result in weakening of standards. It is a proven fact that this manufacturer-related barrier is generic across the region, but must be dealt with in the context of each national economic and cultural setting. Most Asian countries regard ES&L programs as cost-effective ways to realize their energy efficiency goals, since they provide substantial electricity peak demand reduction and energy savings with attractive cost/benefit ratios. Such programs have proven to be effective for mitigating climate change in all countries in which they have been implemented. However, they are hindered by certain persistent barriers, which can be broadly classified into the following categories: Policy/regulatory; Institutional; Technical; Information and awareness; Market; and, Financial. To promote energy-efficiency improvements, action may be required at one or more levels -- from the lowest level of the consumer (residential, commercial, industrial, etc.) through the highest level of global agencies. But, barriers to the implementation of energy-efficiency improvements exist or can arise at all these levels. At the level of energy consumers, the barriers to energy-efficiency improvements are due to the ignorant, the poor and/or...
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