...the solar system. Large amounts of dust and gases accumulated over many years to form the planet. Venus is thought to be the result of a large collision. This is due to the fact that Venus rotates differently than the other planets in our solar system. Venus is commonly referred to as Earth's "sister planet" because of their similarity in size as well as a similar gravitational force. Although Venus and Earth share some similarities, it has shown to be very different from Earth in many other aspects. It has the most dense atmosphere out of the four terrestrial planets. Venus consists of more than 96% carbon dioxide. Surface Geography: The surface shows evidence of extreme volcanism, and the sulfur in the atmosphere may mean that there have been some recent eruptions. Venus is covered by a thick atmosphere, creating a blazing environment with temperatures reaching high enough to melt lead. Geology: Much of Venus's surface appears to have been shaped by volcanic activity. Venus is home to about 167 large volcanoes. Some stretching over 100 km long. Venusian surface is estimated to be 300–600 million years old. Almost 2x longer than Earth's. Internal Structure The similarity in size and density between Venus and Earth may mean that they share a similar internal structure: a core, mantle, and crust. Like Earth, the Venus's core is at least partially liquid because the two planets have been cooling at about the same rate. The slightly smaller size of Venus may mean that...
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...every day until she was around four years old. For Example, “...She remembered the sun and the way the sun was and the sky was when she was four in Ohio. And they, they had been on Venus all their lives, and they had only been two years old when the last sun came out...” She had been able to see and feel the sun for four years of her life while all the other kids only saw it and felt it for one hour seven years ago. She is the only one who knows and remembers what it looks and feels like. 3) What Point is made about Margot when the story says that rain had “washed the blue from her eyes” and “the red form her mouth” and the “yellow from her hair”. Explain your answer. The point was made that she was kind of depressed living on a planet that rained all the time and that it made her dull and unhappy. It showed us how much she really missed the sun. It said the rain washed away the color in hair, eyes and mouth. They are telling you she is like a ghost. 4) How do the...
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...9/9/2012 Managerial Appls of Info Tech Prof. Tahereh Daneshi Course Project Proposal Terraforming Domes and the use of Planet Cracker Mining Vessels We live in a world where one of the main threats to our society is diminishing resources and the inevitability of over population. Humans and animals alike multiply at an alarming rate and with the arrivals of new people to this planet there is a need for aggressive expansion for houses, apartments and retail stores. With new expansion comes the need for new oil and gas refineries and nuclear power plant to support the land that will soon be developed. Human civilization has been consuming natural resources at an exponential rate and the threat that we will soon run out is on the back of our minds. With new developments will come new technology and the need to improve on what we currently have. Our planet can only offer us so much and there is still much to be discovered in outer space. There are hundreds of planets that have the ability to sustain life providing certain conditions are met. NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration have been in charge of the space program for many years. While they have released this power to the private sector and given those with the resources a chance to go where they have not offers a potential solution. Terraforming (literally, “Earth-shaping”) of a planet, moon, or other body is the process of deliberately modifying its atmosphere, temperature, surface topography or ecology to...
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...of 100 cores of rupees. In this report, we will first analyze whether you have the potential to realize this dream in your life astrologically as per your natal chart. We will also analyze the astrological signatures for next 5 years w.r.t your natal chart and transit of each planet through your natal chart, to capture the potential ups and downs in your business during next 5 years. A) Basic Astrological Parameters: Your Birth Chart: The important parameters in your birth chart: Your Ascendant: Aquarius Your Sun-Sign: Libra Your Moon-Sign: Gemini Exalted Planet: Rahu & Ketu Debilitated Planet: Sun Retrograde Planet: Saturn Natal status of each of the planets in your chart: We have listed above the natal promise of all the 9 Vedic planets in the chart based on their status in the chart. There are likely to be lot of contradictions about their significance in different aspects of life. The same planet may be beneficial for a particular aspect in one’s life by it’s house location but it can be inauspicious for the same aspects in life because of the lordship of houses in the chart. One planet can be beneficial for a particular aspect in life and can promise great success and at the same time another planet can be most inauspicious and promise complete failure for...
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...Measuring Earth with a Stick Have you ever heard of the Greek mathematician and astronomer Eratosthenes? His name is probably best known among astronomers. Why do they think so highly of him? Eratosthenes was born about 276 B.C.E. and received some of his education in Athens, Greece. He spent a good part of his life, however, in Alexandria, Egypt, which at that time was under Greek rule. In about 200 B.C.E., Eratosthenes set out to determine the dimensions of the earth by using a simple stick. “Impossible!” you may say. How did he do it? In the city of Syene (now called Aswan), Eratosthenes observed that at noon on the first day of summer, the sun was directly overhead. He knew this because there was no shadow cast when the sunlight reached the bottom wells. However, at noon on the same day in the city of Alexandria, which was located 5,000 stadia (stadia were Greek units of length. Through the exact value varied locally, one stadium is believed to have been 530 to 600 feet) to the north of Syene, a shadow could be observed. That gave Eratosthenes an idea. Eratosthenes set up a gnomon, a simple upright stick. When the sun was overhead at noon, he measured the angle of the shadow that the stick cast in Alexandria. He determined the angle to be 7.2 degrees from vertical. Now, Eratosthenes believed the earth to be spherical, and he knew that there are 360 degrees in a circle. So he divided 360 by the angle he had measured, 7.2. The result? His angle was one...
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...How Tristan Steele Created Earth The Earth as we know it today, in its earliest existence, was a very small and insignificant mass; a package of everything needed to create. As it orbited around the sun, the centrifugal forces created by its rotation caused the Earth to grow and expand constantly. This mass’ only purpose, as it was instructed to do, was to orbit around the sun. It was not told how long to orbit, as Time did not exist yet; it was only told to orbit, and that’s what it did. Tristan Steele happened upon this object orbiting around the sun, and decided to use it to create a world. Tristan Steele, the Wanderer, was both man and god. He was privileged, yet equal. Tristan was quite enormous; so tall that he created distance. He had become to feel quite large, so he created Time to measure it. He then used his power to develop a plan. Within his plan was the ultimate way to create, through work. He was very lazy, so he created work, which was measured by Time. He worked through Time. As he found he needed something to express, he created emotion. He worked so hard and so long, that eventually even he needed a Time to Rest. So, he created day and night. Day and night were very different from many of his other creations, as they differentiated between Times so Tristan could keep track of when he would work and when he would Rest. While at Rest on the surface of his new found creations, the Earth grew around Tristan, conforming to his body, and conforming to his soul...
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...Astronomy is a natural science that is the study of celestial objects (such as moons, planets, stars, nebulae, and galaxies), thephysics, chemistry, mathematics, and evolution of such objects, and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth, including supernovae explosions, gamma ray bursts, and cosmic background radiation. A related but distinct subject, cosmology, is concerned with studying the universe as a whole.[1]Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences. Prehistoric cultures left behind astronomical artifacts such as the Egyptian monuments andNubian monuments, and early civilizations such as the Babylonians, Greeks, Chinese, Indians, Iranians and Maya performed methodical observations of the night sky. However, the invention of the telescope was required before astronomy was able to develop into a modern science. Historically, astronomy has included disciplines as diverse as astrometry, celestial navigation, observational astronomy, and the making of calendars, but professional astronomy is nowadays often considered to be synonymous with astrophysics.[2]During the 20th century, the field of professional astronomy split into observational and theoretical branches. Observational astronomy is focused on acquiring data from observations of astronomical objects, which is then analyzed using basic principles of physics. Theoretical astronomy is oriented toward the development of computer or analytical models to describe astronomical objects and phenomena. The two fields...
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...have grown and advanced in technology, and with the knowledge that we have acquired through countless experiments. We learned more as we experimented through the centuries, mistakes are bound to be made along the way and some theories and “facts” of the world were ultimately found to be untrue. Scientist had to unlearn what they thought to be true and restart from the beginning. In the past people had to unlearn their old traditions of false “facts”. Like the belief of the earth being flat instead of round. This was eventually proven wrong, through observations, experiments, and finally adoption of the earth being round, and the “fact” that the world was flat was thrown away. There are plenty of other examples as well; Pluto not being a planet, the earth being the center of the universe, humans not being able to fly. These were all thought to be “facts” of our universe. Yet through experiments and through trials we eventually found ways to prove these “facts wrong. Either by showing proof, inventing new technology that allowed facts to be changed or through newly made theories. This quote has even more of an emphasis in today’s day and age as our knowledge is advancing at a greater rate than ever before. Hundreds of theories are being made every single day, some are being found to be true others to be untrue. Ultimately though we will not really be able to know if the theories are true or aren’t until technology and our knowledge have advanced to the state were we can truly...
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...Imagine this scenario set in the future. We know that a decently large rogue planet will be crashing into Earth in a certain number of years and we cannot do anything to stop this from happening. However, we do have the ability to terraform a planet. If we could also move humanity to either Mars or Venus, which one should we go for and why? Hi Jessica! Interesting question. To start off, I will define what terraforming is for those who do not know what it means. Terraforming refers to the hypothetical process of modifying a planet or other heavenly body in order to make it habitable by humans. This outcome can be achieved by changing the atmosphere’s competition, the body’s temperature, the surface topography or the planet’s ecology. In order for terraforming to be successful and the planet to be able to sustain life, NASA has defined that such a body must have extended regions of liquid water, favourable living conditions and enough energy sources to sustain metabolism (). Mars is generally understood to be the planet that is closest to fulfilling these criteria because in many respects it is the most Earth-like planet in the Solar System(). It is generally accepted by scientists that Mars once had an Earth-like characteristic including a thicker atmosphere and abundant sources of water. These characteristics have diminished over the course of hundreds of millions of years due to carbon dioxide/carbonates reactions, a lack of magnetosphere and numerous asteroid impacts. The...
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...1. (often foll by: for, to, towards, or an infinitive) a particular disposition, esp a liking or preference; tendency: I've no inclination for such dull work. 2. the degree of deviation from a particular plane, esp a horizontal or vertical plane 3. a sloping or slanting surface; incline 4. the act of inclining or the state of being inclined 5. the act of bowing or nodding the head 6. (Mathematics) maths a. the angle between a line on a graph and the positive limb of the x-axis b. the smaller dihedral angle between one plane and another 7. (Astronomy) astronomy the angle between the plane of the orbit of a planet or comet and another plane, usually that of the ecliptic 8. (General Physics) physics another name for dip28 ˌincliˈnational adj Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003 in•cli•na•tion (ˌɪn kləˈneɪ ʃən) n. 1. a special disposition of the mind or temperament; a liking or preference: a great inclination for sports. 2. something to which one is inclined. 3. the act of inclining or state of being inclined. 4. a tendency toward a certain condition, action, etc. 5. deviation or amount of deviation from a normal, esp. horizontal or vertical, direction or position. 6. an inclined surface. 7. a. the angle between two lines or two planes. b. the angle formed by the x-axis and a given line. [1350–1400; Middle English < Latin]1. (often foll by: for, to, towards, or an infinitive) a particular...
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...The year 2061 Fifty years from now I will be writting in a corner of my diary the year 2061 and the world won’t be the same...And even though I‘m not considiring the fact that I will be almost seventy year old lady,I still can not picture the world which is unavoidably coming. I know that there is a millions of people who would disagree with me,but I’m not really optimistic about the future.There is so much evil in the world.I litterally can see how the world is falling apart in our hands.It seems like those disasters that are ruining our planet aren’t about to stop.Plus the people are so mean to each other.You can barely see a someone giving a hand to an other.The world is just full of hate and anger.If you picture this rissing amount of these disasters,hate,corruption,discrimination and all those bad things that are going on now,how will it be in fifty years ? On the other hand a lot of people believe that the world WILL be a better place.We still can put our hopes in to the scientists.Who can find some way to improve the current state of the world.They can find some new cures or ways how to dispose a waste without leaking it into the sea. To sum things up I’m this kind of a person (maybe a crazy one ) who believes in the potential end of the world in 2012 not in the cause of that some huge asteroid will hit the Earth or that the magnetic poles will turn over.But I really support the teorie that the year 2012 will be „the start“ of the end and since now on the Earth will...
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...Report 2 Living on Other Planets Introduction: * How would facilities function * How would they get supplies * How would people get to the locations The focus of colonization is a topic that has brought up several debates on how it could be possible. But, the first step towards that effort is to find a reason to migrate ourselves to other planets. Different minerals and precious metals from the surfaces of alien celestials are vital to the importance of any specific colonization effort. The industrial implications of a solid core of functional work environment for employees and civilian presences populating the platforms are essential. Facilities will consist of domed structures contained a self-sustained atmosphere and environment. Simulated weather for each of the seasons as well as integrated day and night cycles would keep the habitants on a routine familiar to them of our own home planet. This would include housing opportunities for employees to bring their families while honoring their agreed upon contract terms. Each Dome is specifically engineered and conditioned for their celestial home. There in, being resistant to the unique external environmental issues that would come from any given body’s location. Initial supplies for the project will be flown in prior to the colonization by unmanned crafted and landed carefully on the alien surface. Pioneer crews will depart with the final shipment and begin assembly of the primary dome structure. Once the...
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...2.6 Solar Energy 2.6.1 Introduction Energy from the sun is called solar energy. The Sun’s energy comes from nuclear fusion reaction that takes place deep in the sun. Hydrogen nucleus fuse into helium nucleus. The energy from these reactions flow out from the sun and escape into space. Solar energy is sometimes called radiant energy. These are different kinds of radiant energy emitted by sun. The most important are light infrared rays. Ultra violet rays, and X- Rays. The sun is a large sphere of very hot gases. Its diameter is 1.39x106KM. While that of the earth is 1.27x104 KM. The mean distance between the two is 1.5x108KM. The beam radiation received from the sun on the earth is reflected in to space, another 15% is absorbed by the earth atmosphere and the rest is absorbed by the earth’s surface. This absorbed radiation consists of light and infrared radiation without which the earth would be barren. All life on the earth depends on solar energy. Green plants make food by means of photosynthesis. Light is essential from in this process to take place. This light usually comes from sun. Animal get their food from plants or by eating other animals that feed on plants. Plants and animals also need some heat to stay alive. Thus plants are store houses of solar energy. The solar energy that falls on India in one minute is enough to supply the energy needs of our country for one day. Man has made very little use of this enormous amount of solar energy that reaches the earth. 2.6.2...
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...resistance is negligible. Which of the following statements is true? 1) There is only one force acting on the satellite. What is the escape speed from a planet of mass M and radius R if M = 3.2 ´ 1023 kg and R = 2.4 ´ 106 m? 2) 4.2 km/s Planet Zero has a mass of 5.0 ´ 1023 kg and a radius of 2.0 ´ 106 m. A space probe is launched vertically from the surface of Zero with an initial speed of 4.0 km/s. What is the speed of the probe when it is 3.0 ´ 106 m from Zero's center? 2) 2.2 km/s Which of the following quantities is conserved for a planet orbiting a star in a circular orbit? Only the planet itself is to be taken as the system; the star is not included. 2) Energy and angular momentum. What is the magnitude of the free-fall acceleration at a point that is a distance 2R above the surface of the Earth, where R is the radius of the Earth? 2) 1.1 m/s2 A satellite circles planet Roton every 2.8 h in an orbit having a radius of 1.2 ´ 107 m. If the radius of Roton is 5.0 ´ 106 m, what is the magnitude of the free-fall acceleration on the surface of Roton? 2) 27 m/s2 A 50-kg satellite circles planet Cruton every 5.6 h in an orbit with a radius of 12 ´ 106 m. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force on the satellite by planet Cruton? 2) 58 N A spaceship of mass m circles a planet (mass = M) in an orbit of radius R. How...
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...Mid-term Practice 1. What is the meaning of the following words: cosmos, galaxy, solar system, local group, super cluster? 2. Using the ideas discussed in your textbook to expand on the comment that “we are star stuff" 3. Relative to the age of the universe, how old is our solar system? How old is the Earth? 4. Why do astronomers infer that the universe is expanding? 5. When did humans learn that the Earth is not the center of the universe and what evidence supported this revelation of thought? 6. Which of the following correctly describes the meridian in your local sky? 7. What do the following terms mean: zenith, meridian, latitude, declination, longitude, ecliptic, zodiac, and constellation. 8. Explain how we describe a location on Earth's surface. 9. Describe why we have seasons on Earth using the following terms: solstice, equinox, aphelion, perihelion, Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn. 10. Explain why we have phases of the moon, what the different phases of the moon look like to an Earth observer, and how much time is takes to go between each phases. 11. Which of the following have the greatest frequency of occurrence: lunar eclipse or solar eclipse? 12. True or False: An observer on Earth can see the entire surface of the moon over 365 day period. Support your answer with reasoning from the textbook and Mastering Astronomy. 13. Explain an eclipse of the moon and sun occur. 14. Why were the following individuals...
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