...According to the general definition, divorce refers to a process of legally dissolving a marriage. The concept of divorce did not exist under Hindu law as the marriage is considered to be a sacred relationship. However, the concept of Divorce was introduced when a law to this effect was codified and presently section 13 of the Hindu Marriage Act provides for dissolution of marriage. Mozley and Whitley define divorce, in their 1967 law book: "Divorce (is) the termination of a marriage otherwise than by death or annulment ." As Justice Gray of the Supreme Court of the United States of America wrote in Atherton case: "The purpose and effect of a decree of divorce from the bond of matrimony, by a court of competent jurisdiction, are to change the existing status or domestic relation of husband and wife, and to free them both from the bond. The marriage tie, when thus severed as to one party, ceases to bind either. A husband without a wife, or a wife without a husband, is unknown to the law ." Theories of divorce: - a) Fault theory: - under this theory marriage can be dissolved only when one of the parties to the marriage has committed a matrimonial offence. In this theory it is necessary to have one innocent party and one guilty party. If both the parties are guilty, then no remedy available...
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...preferences influence the marriage process. Current and archived literature was examined on the topic of marriage matching tendencies in which lead to the development of a unique framework to evaluate the preferences of males and females. Several preferences were tested, which included income, education and age, to determine the effectiveness of the framework provided. These tests were constructed using regression techniques and empirical data from the American Community Survey to see if a positive correlation exists between the three independent variables and mate selection at the time of marriage. The results from the regression models of income, education and age reveal that these preferences play a predominant part of choosing a soul mate, further indicating that people seek a marital partner with characteristics similar to their own. I. Introduction Over the past several decades, there has been an increased discussion and study in social issues among economists (Becker 1973). One of the most prominent topics that has been studied and continues to be researched is the issue of marriage. For many Americans, deciding to marry and who to marry to are often considered the most important choices an individual can make. Furthermore, social scientists are particularly interested in the mating process as it can provide a unique insight on the characteristics of household demographics. The primary purpose of this paper will be examining how marriages are formed and which individual...
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...child on their own. a. 1 in 3 b. 1 in 6 c. 1 in 10 d. 1 in 30 2. Edin and Kefalas spent ______talking with low-income mothers about their lives and how they perceive marriage and family. a. five years b. one year c. six months d. three months 3. Edin and Kefalas’ research into low-income mothers and their relationship to society is an example of what sociological theory? a. Marx’s conflict theory b. Durkheim’s functionalist theory c. Mill’s sociological imagination d. Ganey’s homeostatic theory 4. As Edin and Kefalas illustrate, when a middle- or upper-class woman cannot have a child it is seen as a_________, but when groups of lower-income women are having children outside of marriage, their fertility becomes a matter of________. a. personal tragedy, public concern b. family concern, social castigation c. community loss, community shame d. family planning, federal planning 5. Edin and Kefalas examine both the ________ and the larger social contexts of poor women who become single mothers. a. medical charts b. educational histories c. social demographics d. biographies True or False 6. Promoting marriage among the poor has become the new war on poverty, President Obama style. False 7. Most poor, unmarried mothers and fathers readily admit that bearing children while poor and unmarried is not the ideal way to do things. True 8. The sharp decline in marriage in impoverished urban areas has led some to charge that the poor have abandoned the marriage norm. True...
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...Moral reasoning using natural law theory and virtue ethics One of the primary debates in ethics is not whether a certain action is right or wrong, as most can agree that acts such as murder are not ethically right, but in what specific situations that these actions become permissible. There are certain absolutist views that determine an action is right or wrong, despite any extraneous circumstances; however, many moral reasoning ethics fall into a grey area where certain acts that would normally be considered wrong are justified in certain conditions. The natural law theory, along with its doctrine of double effect, and Aristotle’s virtue ethics both fall into the aforementioned category of moral ethics. Natural law theory originated from the religious view that a human’s ability to reason sets them apart as higher beings, and with such reasoning we have the responsibility to follow the righteous path set forth for our lives, “to do good and avoid evil”.1 In this manner, a certain act cannot be justified or viewed as “good” because it leads to the satisfaction of desire, setting natural law theory far apart from utilitarianism ethics. The principals laid out by the natural law theory gave birth to the doctrine of double effect, which is the belief that many acts may have both a good and a bad effect. The Catholic Church defends that some acts that would normally be considered immoral may be justified under three distinct conditions: the act itself is not intrinsically wrong...
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...BREAKDOWN OF MARRIAGE INTRODUCTION Marriages in India are defined as bonds made in heaven and solemnized on earth. For Hindus it is a sacrament, for Muslims it is a sanctified contract and for Christians a sacred knot1. Complexity of the modern society and its consequences such as fast changing socio economic conditions, the disintegration of joint family structure, the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, education, employment and laws giving equal status and rights to women, led a tremendous impact on the institution of marriage. Few decades ago divorce was considered as an evil, the grounds of divorce were very limited and it was sought only under compelling circumstances. Positions have however, changed now. Marriage is no longer treated as an insoluble union. Truth be told, there has been a considerable legislative and judicial interference in the sphere of marital laws during the past few decades all over the world. In view of the evolving times, divorce laws are being substantially modified and liberalized.2 Though divorce laws vary across jurisdictions, most countries follow two basic approaches to divorce viz. fault based and no-fault based. In India, the Hindu Marriage Act, 19553 for Hindus and the Special Marriage Act, 19544 for marriage between two individuals regardless of their religious persuasion, are based on the ‘fault based’ or ‘matrimonial offence’ based theory of divorce...
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...Adulthood : Daniel Levinson Intimacy Vs Isolation: Erik Erikson Relationship Development: Bernard Mursntein Triangular Theory Of Love: Robert Sternberg Selecting A Partner Marriage Conflict Divorce UNIT 4 EARLY ADULTHOOD PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT Career Choose And Embarking On Career Identity During Young Adulthood Career Development Holland’s Theory Ginzberg’s theory Gender And Career Choice Why People Work Career Transition Learning Unit Objectives Development Across the Lifespan Discuss about the personality development of early adulthood. Explain Social clock: Ravena Helson, Social and PD in adulthood : Daniel Levinson, Intimacy vs Isolation: Erik Erikson, Relationship development: Bernard Mursntein and Triangular Theory of Love: Robert Sternberg Discuss on issues about selecting a Partner as well as Marriage, Conflict in marriage and divorce Discuss issues related to Career. What makes people happy? Money? Materials? Objects? According to research, happiness in young adulthood is usually derived from feelings of independence, competence, or self-esteem (Sheldon et al, 2001). Therefore, the components of happiness: Fulfillment of psychological needs. Building relationships in Early Adulthood: Liking and Loving During early adulthood, romance, love, marriage and children are often the focus of life. The development and course of relationships are emphasized. Having children...
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...Recognition of gay and lesbian marriage and pluralism Word Count: 2024 What does pluralism reveal about the recognition of gay and lesbian marriage? What are the strengths and limitations of this theory in understanding the recognition of gay and lesbian marriage? Power overlaps between interest and political groups and as a result, political decision-making is reached through negotiation and compromise (Manley 1983). Indeed, when examining the progressive debate concerning the legal recognition of same-sex relationships in Australia, the perception that power is bartered through interest groups becomes highly plausible through the lens of classical pluralist theory. There are competing visions of diversity in Australia, and behind the main positions; supportive, neutral, and opposing, there are a multitude of perspectives underlying these umbrella groupings. For some in the community, the concept of gay and lesbian marriage is controversial, and its complexities raise fundamental social, religious, moral and political questions. In analyzing how power has operated in this situation, I will apply classical pluralism to converse sides of the moral argument to reveal how Australian attitudes have changed over time in a progressively consensual political environment. For this issue, the strengths of pluralism lie in its empirical nature; it is an observable and comprehensive view of understanding how power operates in society, with regard to a multitude of perspectives and...
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...population participates in a polygynous household at some time. This paper uses economic theory to offer insights into the determinants of polygamy. Since I will try to establish some correspondence between theory and facts around the world, the focus will be on the more common type of plural marriage, polygyny. The theory developed in the first section is based on Becker's economics of marriage. Although anthropologists (for instance, Goldschmidt, 1974) and sociologists (for instance, Rosenthal, 1970) have previously used the concept of marriage market, they have not developed the theoretical implications of Research in Population Economics, Vol. 2, pages 321-350 Copyright © 1980 by JAI Press Inc. All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. ISBN: 0-89232-125-3 32i . 322 AMYRA SHECHTMAN GROSS BARD that concept to the extent that Becker has in his "A Theory of Marriage . .. This paper expands on Becker's analysis of polygamy both in theory and in empirical work . An extensive review of cross-cultural evidence, largely based on studies by anthropoligists and sociologists, hopefully provides some new insights (Section IV). The nature of these international data and findings makes serious econometric analysis difficult, if not impossible, but the abundance of some of the evidence hopefully compensates for its lack of robustness. Previous applications of the economics of marriage to a specific culture related to that...
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...education, and social status seem to contribute greatly to the rates of divorce. Therefore, In order to formulate the problems of divorce we must address the institution of marriage. Marriage is a sacred institution that has been around for many centuries and the reasons for marriage are all but clear and concise. Pre-industrial revolution, people married for reasons such as financial, political, or social gains (Coontz 2005). Traditional gender roles were emplaced whereas, women were in charge of the domestic and emotional duties of the household and men were in charge of the financial duties of the relationship. Women did not have many options pre-industrial revolution and were forced to marry to gain economical support. External gains and non-emotional reasons were a major component in the selection of a marriage partner in this era, not much emphasis was placed on love and emotions. Today however, people marry for a variety of reasons including emotional and non-emotional reasons. In a study conducted by Eekalaar (2007), 39 respondents who were married or had been married in the 1980’s were interviewed with questions pertaining to marriage and reasons for. His research concluded that people base their reasons for marrying on 5 different categories. The most applicable and most chosen reason for marriage by the respondents was “compliance with convention”. Compliance with...
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...Running head: CRITIQUE OF THEORY A Theory Critique: Boundaries in Marriage by Dr. Henry Cloud and Dr. John Townsend Linda Mario Liberty University Summary: Boundaries in Marriage by Dr. Henry Cloud and Dr. John Townsend The determinants of marital heartache are diverse. Dr. Cloud and Dr. Townsend address boundaries that have sustained multiple marriages and have advocated for the happiness between married couples. When one reads the title, he or she might think the boundaries the authors are trying to set in marriages are on their spouse but “Boundaries are not something you “set on” another person. Boundaries are about yourself” (Cloud & Townsend, 1999, p. 28). The focal points of this book include theories about boundaries, values, resolving conflict, and keeping God in a marriage. Cloud and Townsend (1999) explain that boundaries in marriage is fundamentally about love; prompting, growing, developing, and repairing the love (p.9). John 4:16 states “love is at the heart of marriage, as it is at the heart of God himself” (p.9). Cloud & Townsend (1999) present boundaries in different ways through words, truth, consequences, emotional distance, physical distance, other people and time. The descriptions of these points are crucial pieces in Cloud and Townsend’s theory. An individual’s language and words assist in defining who he or she is as a person and “what you believe, what you want, and what you don’t” (Cloud & Townsend...
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...growing concept of globalization and the opening up of the world among countries have created an inter- country business (tourism), social (education), and cultural situations where people from different countries must learn the attitude and behavior of each other in order to engage in business and co-exist in this global world (Waldman & Rubalcava, 2005). Furthermore, Globalization has brought about intercultural marriage. In today’s world intercultural marriage is inevitable, therefore potential and existing couples are more likely than not to encounter intercultural differences and intercultural shocks such as divorce (Tallman & Hsiao, 2004) Globalization wise intercultural marriages are vital. They create a new wave of culture called the third culture (Casmir, 1993). Intimacy between persons of diverse cultures is becoming a common phenomenon lately, and has led to an upsurge in intercultural marriages, (Waldman & Rubalcava, 2005; Frame, 2004). There are degrees of differences in marriage including intercultural relationships or marriages. When you meet someone for the first time, you see them; you talk to them, so the first important question is, ‘Do we look alike or the same? Furthermore, you talk to them, so the subsequent question you ask yourself is ‘Do we speak the same language or different language? Do we speak with the same accent or different accents? Do we use the same vocabulary or different vocabulary? (Anon. 2014). ...
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...sandwich as “The happiest sandwich on Earth.” Through intentional campaigns, marketers have also sought to cultivate happiness. Coca-Cola launched the “Open Happiness” campaign, which recognizes life’s simple pleasures and encourages consumers to take a small break from the day to connect and share happiness with others. BMW developed a “Stories of Joy” global communication campaign that hosts consumer-created videos highlighting the joy of driving. However, happiness is not a product that can be bought; it is a constant choice in choosing to be happy in every circumstance. There are also innumerable attempts and theories in psychology about happiness to explain the nature of reason for formulating happiness. The "What One Has Theory," “see happiness as simply the collected sum of positive circumstances in one's life” (Febirl). The "How One View The World Theory," “sees happiness being more contingent on a person's perception, or personal evaluation, of such circumstances” (“What is Happiness in Psychology”). Psychologists study the human mind; however, these therapists...
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...The Effects Of Divorce On Chidren and Families Background of the study In our epoch, divorces are among the most important social problems of modern society. According to recent studies, almost every second marriage in the United States ends with separation of the partners. Of course, many of such families have one or more young children and teenagers, who must learn to live with the problem of divorced parents. Actually, everybody who is involved in divorce has to suffer a lot, because the majority of the divorces are connected with scandals, constant confrontations, misunderstandings, humiliation and other negative effects. Of course, there are some situations when separation of the parents becomes a happy end of their relations and a relief for everybody in the family. But, unfortunately, those situations are very rare and not typical. That is why it is possible to say that the effects of the divorce on families are more likely to be negative and destructive than positive. The children are the ones that is affected through divorce they experience different emotions the way how they accept things. Children have those negative thoughts about divorce that can lead to misunderstanding and other quarrels. The emotional state of the children will be most affected by this the way they see their parents that not in good terms affects their emotional state. A lot of struggle will be happen when divorce came the different aspects of a family will be affected. There are different...
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...Sociology Z103 | SECULARISM AND INTERFAITH MARRIAGE: interpretation of the secularism scale of iba students and its correlation with interfaith marriage | Sociology Z103 Prepared For: AI Mahbub Uddin Ahmed Prepared By: Farzana Yasmin Rivi BBA-17(B) Roll: RQ 53 Date: 15/07/10 Institute of Business Administration (IBA) University of Dhaka Institute of Business Administration (IBA) University of Dhaka Dear Sir: Here is the report which you asked to submit for the requirement of undergraduate course- Sociology. The report topic is “Secularism and Interfaith Marriage: Interpretation of the Secularism Scale of IBA Students and its Correlation with Interfaith Marriage”. As per the requirement of the report, it is based on both primary and secondary information. The primary information was collected through survey and the main sources of secondary information are various journal articles on the topic. I would like to mention that I carried out this entire report under your supervision and that this report has not been formerly presented in IBA to the best of my knowledge. I also pledge that either today or in the future, no part of this report may be reproduced without your written permission. I sincerely hope that I was able to fulfil the course requirement successfully through the submission of this report. I have put in my best effort to contribute towards the successful completion of this report. I earnestly hope that you will accept this report and...
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...India. There is a curious silence surrounding sexual violence towards wives as wife, family and children are considered as private issues and moreover notion of family rest on the peace and security of women. Though widespread, sexual violence or marital rape is still regarded as a tabooed issue. Marriage has always been known as a sacred institution but, wonder how much of it exists today. Marriage is no more a ‘sacrosanct institution’, for, there are issues within it that have sort of shaken the ground basis of the entire union of a man and a woman and this idea of the “sacrosanct” institution of marriage is dished out by the mainstream Indian cinema is a myth and is contrary to women’s perceptions of reality. Marriage now, is just not limited to being with the man you love, respect and want to spend your entire life with but, on the contrary, it can also come with its own set of problems, including the biggest- that of ‘Marital Rape’ which has become a stark reality of today’s world or perhaps, women have only started speaking about it now. Though marital rape is the most common and repugnant form of masochism in Indian society, it is hidden behind the iron curtain of marriage. Social...
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