...The use of historical data as evidence to test international relations theory is commonly use by international relations theorists to pinpoint factual historical data that can either support their hypotheses or contradict theoretical hypotheses made by theorists who oppose them. Historical cases and individual events can be, and are often selected differently by those who have different approaches. In the case of realists, they have an objective view and often use the factual, scientific and quantifiable evidence to understand theories. For the case of 9/11, a realist would only look at this event as an occurrence that was simply a terror attack with explosions and the death of civilians. Realists would view cases such as this as happenings that simply support a theoretical approach along with several other similar cases in history, due to the fact that it is experienced evidence that is universally known and understood. A constructivist however would select and look at cases based upon historical memory and they way they were experienced by multiple different populates. For the case of 9/11, a constructivist would view this historical case as a terror attack that caused trauma to the United States of America and is an event that is more than the deaths of thousands. They would dissect historical events and convey the emotions that were felt, as well as the explosions that ensued, because these theorist believe that there can’t be an objective and single-fact overview of historical...
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...9/11 Macario Vidal Devry University Professor Legare April 15, 2013 9/11 On September 11, 2001 members of Al Qaeda were able to take over US planes in an act of terrorism. Two of the planes struck the Twin Towers in New York and caused them to fall taking many lives in the process. Another plane struck the Pentagon and caused damage and casualties. The last plane was on its way to another attack when it abruptly crashed in a field in Pennsylvania and killed all passengers and terrorists on board.9/11 attacks were orchestrated by Al Qaeda in a move to disrupt the Western economies and to strike fear in our country and the world. It was a form of both economic and social terrorism. As well, the attackers intended to impose the direct and secondary costs on the target nation, the United States. Other nations in the western hemisphere were also part of the target and felt the burden of this attack. The attacks caused immense damage in terms of physical infrastructure as well as loss of lives and earnings. The effects caused many families to lose their earnings, and also slowed down the growth of the global economy. Capital losses were experienced in the stock markets around the world as well. Some of the effects included higher insurance and shipping costs. On the other hand, it had a massive impact on public confidence. It affected tourism and travel in a great way. The effects led to the invasion of two nations...
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...civilians has heightened the security of the nations abroad. Terrorism when looked at through a historical point of view has always been present throughout the world, but mainly stronger in the Middle Eastern countries such as Israel, Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Lebanon. The three main reason why terrorist activity is considered heavier in these areas are due to ethnic groups that are not able to get along because of their difference in religious beliefs, the need to protect their oil from the interest of the Western countries, and “the need to extract or purge all imperialists, infidels, or those who challenge their interest and from this is where we have terrorism escalating to international levels” (The North States Emergency Consortium). In the mind of a terrorist when planning or conducting terrorist acts is to choose places where they can avoid detection or capture before and after their attack, “others are willing to commit suicide in order to carry out an attack against a much more secure target” (The North States Emergency Consortium). Normally, the places that are selected are institutions were the disaster would bring about large-scale losses of life, widespread injuries, the destruction of property, the displacement of large numbers of people, and overwhelming economic loss. Small scale safer sites would be your malls and schools. More high risk sites would involve places like military installations, International airports, major transportations facilities, medical facilities...
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...that allow readers to see the performance of a multinational company s total operations both domestic and company’s foreign. Facilitates the measurement of a firm’s exposure to foreign exchange risk. Facilitates the recording of foreign currency transactions; i.e., f foreign currency sales, purchases, borrowing or lending in the consolidated entity’s reporting currency. Facilitates reporting domestic accounts to foreign audiences-of-interest. 3 Types of Transaction Rates Spot transactions: the physical exchange of one currency for another in which delivery takes place immediately. Direct quote: the exchange rate specifies the number of domestic currency units needed to acquire a unit of foreign currency. Indirect quote: the exchange rate specifies the price of a unit of the domestic currency in terms of the foreign currency. 4 2 01/09/2013 9-5 Foreign Currency Transactions When the rate is expressed as the US $ equivalent of 1...
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...LIBERTY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY Historical Problems in the Book of Daniel A paper submitted to Dr. Michael Heiser In partial fulfillment of the requirements For completion of the course OBST 520 Old Testament Orientation II Lynchburg, Virginia March 2, 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION………………….……………………………………………………………..3 BACKGROUND AND MESSAGE….…….……………….…...……………………………….3 PROBLEM #1……………………………………………………..……………………………...4 PROBLEM #2……...…………………………………………………..………………………...5 PROBLEM #3………………………………………………………………….…...……………5 PROBLEM #4…………...…………………………………………..……………...……………6 PROBLEM #5……………………………………………………………..………..……………7 APPLICATION……………………………………………………………………..……………9 CONCLUSION………………..………….………………………………………...…………..10 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………..……….………………………………………...…………… INTRODUCTION: The book of Daniel has been questioned based on some perceived historical problems that would make the current dating of the book inaccurate. Such historical problems would challenge the validity of the message of Daniel. Throughout this research paper, we will take a look at the five historical problems in the book of Daniel. We will carefully examine each of these problems in hopes of uncovering the truth. There are two major questions to be answered in this paper. Are the historical problems actually problems or just misunderstandings and do these affect the message we received from the book of Daniel? BACKGROUND AND MESSAGE: It is...
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...process, store and distribute information to support business processes 2 / 21 The technological view of information systems Laudon & Laudon – Management Information Systems 1 3 / 21 ט"ו/אדר/תשע"ה The business process view of information systems The way organizations coordinate and organize work activities to produce a valuable product or service Information System 4 / 21 How does IT support business processes? automation – replacement integration – information flows effectiveness – decision support innovation – “doing things differently, with added value” 5 / 21 The information systems contents hierarchy Data – raw facts Information – data with meaning (“data in place”) – meaning: use and action context, B-process context – implications: aggregation, sorting, linking, contrasting… provision in “decision points” Knowledge – information within contextual structure – contextual structure: inter-related information, added value of the generic structure of experiences, contextual process structure and/or insights – implications: tends to be personal, implicit 6 / 21 2 ט"ו/אדר/תשע"ה The basic services of information systems Transaction Processing (TP): – Key concepts: event capture data – Organized around process and feedback – Examples: bidding on courses, purchasing a product, paying a bill Decision Support (DS): – Key concepts: information decision action – Organized...
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...events that influence American life. Their perception, however, has had an even greater impact on society’s current views. According to the renowned historian, Arthur Schlesinger Jr., “the historian surely brings to the observation and analysis of events a perspective different from that brought by a non-historian” (10). Nonetheless, it is evident that perception is crucial when determining the public’s perception as a whole. One specific event in American history in which historians’ perception impacted the Arab and Muslim group in society was the terrorist attack that occurred on September 11, 2001. Abu-Lughod, a professor of Anthropology and Women’s and Gender Studies at Columbia University...
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...two specific polices that deal directly with homeland security and will focus in on the presidents that created and enforced these policies. According to Robert Harvey (2008) ever since post WWII the U.S. has had a conflicted attitude towards safety. The author of this paper will coagulate a time line of two presidents and their desire to appease the safety view of Americans. For example, President George W. Bush and his homeland security act which grew out of the issues that arose after the 9/11 attacks. And also President Harry S. Truman’s national security bill which established the Department of Defense during the cold war. Each president had his own motive for signing these national security bills, but each bill grew out of similar problems that they each faced during their presidential areas. Both, presidents were under huge public pressure to make a decision and to keep the country safe and then make emergency presidential decisions. This paper will focus on the: 1.) Historical perspective of the time when each policy was discussed or implemented. 2.) The context or the problem of the day and the urgency for the policy.3.)Analyze the social, economic, and political environments for the times the policies were discussed or implemented.4.)...
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...and cleaning up the streets (Tim Lambert, localhistories) since 1811 Bury St Edmunds has come across a lot of changes to its urban environment. There are a number of reasons why Bury St Edmunds has needed to change its urban environment ranging from economic growth to its demographic changes and its historical changes all of these changes have made Bury St Edmunds the town it is today. Bury St Edmunds tries to keep to its historical roots even with the forced impact of modernisation changing the landscape. One of the reasons Bury St Edmunds urban environment has had large changes is down to the tourism the town brings in. According to Law (1993:p3) a lot of cities and towns were losing economy and he stated that the tourism industry was growing at a quick rate and it could help to boost a town’s economy by generating more people resulting in a higher income for the place. Bury St Edmunds followed the trend that the rest of the country were doing by using its cultural heritage as an advertisement to attract people to go there. In 1987 Bury St Edmunds opened up its first tourist information centre to give out information on the town and its history and also to give advice on places to visit in the town. Bury St Edmunds main attraction for tourists is its cultural heritage, lots of small towns and cities have resulted to using...
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...Understanding the World after 9-11 Even though we still have Guantanamo Bay Detention Camp there are those who feel that we should close it down and stop the torture for example degrading the person lack of sleep or lack of food and even though it was effective at times to get information out of prisoners by using such techniques though after September 11, 2001 and the media getting pictures of how we was treating these prisoners we had to change, some to the good others are not so good because a prisoner may tell you what you want to hear and it may not be the truth. Then there is still the public inquiring about the prisoners where would we have to transfer them? This scares those who live near a prison, many are terrorist so what should we do? Clean up and make Alcatraz Island also known as the Rock and put them there? From what we have learned that place is no better. Until there is peace throughout all the lands and countries there will and must be safeguards not just for us but for those who are suicide bombers and other terrorist. When someone threatened U.S. interests and safety, the government started thinking up ways to protect the citizens of our beautiful country. This is where the USA Patriot Act came from. The USA Patriot Act was signed into law by former President George W. Bush on October 26, 2001, just a little over a month after the attacks. It is an acronym that stands for, Uniting (and) Strengthening America (by) Providing Appropriate Tools Required...
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...Gen 1:1-2:4a World Behind the text Historical and Cultural Context Genesis illustrates the way Biblical writers J (Yahwist), E (Elohist) and P (Priestly) drew upon the cultural and religious legacy of the Ancient Near East (ANE) along with its stories and imagery and transformed it to conform to a new vision of a non-mythological God and a monotheistic, superior religion. “The Pentateuch developed against the background of the Ancient Near Eastern culture first cultivated in and spread by Sumerian, Assyrian, and Babylonian empires”. This exemplifies how Israelite religion, was “shaped by responses to and reactions against this culture due both to contacts with neighboring Canaanites and to conflicts with Assyrian and Babylonian empires”. Genesis 1:1-2:4a can therefore be said to reflect the “Babylonian account of creation, which we call Enuma Elish…known from at least 1700 BCE,” “predating the earliest text of Genesis by at least a millennium.” In both Genesis and the ancient Babylonian myth, water is divided into upper and lower waters. The Enuma Elish is recorded on seven tablets and the Genesis account is completed in seven days. The Babylonians created humans to serve as slaves yet in Genesis God creates humans in the likeness of the divine. The Priestly source penned the creation story with the intent of being a “monumental historiographic composition…with the purpose of portraying both the beginnings of mankind and Israel in the spirit of a monotheistic concept...
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...Specific (Catholic) Literary Principles for Interpreting the Bible What is the literal sense? Speaking of the “literal” sense or meaning of the Bible from a Catholic perspective can be very confusing because the Catholic Church does not mean by the term literal what is often meant by the word “literal” in popular American culture and vernacular. “Literal” as used by modern twenty-first century Americans assumes that the words of text describe something that factually happened. This restrictive meaning of “literal” is not what the Catholic Church means by the literal sense, literal level, or the literal meaning of the Bible. Rather, this modern contemporary American understanding of “literal” is closer to what is called literalism, which means, “fidelity to observable fact.”[1] The literal sense of some Biblical texts may require “fidelity to observable fact” but this is not always the case. Thus, in Catholic teaching, the “literal sense” is not synonymous with literalism. What the Catholic Church means by the literal sense is that the “literal sense is the meaning conveyed by the words of Scripture and discovered by exegesis, following the rules of sound interpretation” (CCC[2]116).[3] It is called “literal” because the English word literal is derived from the Latin word “littera,” which is the Latin word for “letter.” So the literal sense, according to Catholic teaching, is not a literalist reading of the text based upon literalism but is the “meaning conveyed by the...
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...and a number of fields, such as usefulness, cost effectiveness, and to foreign nations airport security policies, as well as other airports in America. Finally, the airport security policies will be checked for weak points and flaws that terrorists may utilize for an attack. Introduction to the Study America’s airports are a gateway in and out of the nation. Unfortunately, they are also a focus of terrorist attack. America’s airports have security measures in place to deter and stop terrorist attack, but are actually capable in doing so? Specifically, is Raleigh-Durham International Airport capable of withstanding a terrorist attack? How effective are the security measures in stopping a terrorist attack? Is the cost of the security measures reasonable? Are the security measures violating American rights? And, How effective are the security compared to both foreign nations, and to pre 9/11? These are the questions that will be addressed in this case study. Purpose of this Study The purpose of this case study will be to ascertain what security policies Raleigh-Durham International Airport in Raleigh, North Carolina have put into operation in order to deter terrorist attacks, and investigating to see if these policies are effective. Gaps in the Current Literature The current literature has no research into the security policies at RDU. The research in this...
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... Daniel Tomberlin November 20, 2001 COGTS Box # 247 The Hebrew name for Genesis is bƒreÕµ séû tÆ ,_ preferably translated “by way of beginning”1 which is also the overarching theme of the book - the beginnings of the creation of the universe, of humanity and human civilization, and of a covenant people of God. The traditional outline of Genesis is to divide the book into two major sections: Primeval History (chapters 1-11) which is universal in scope and serves to demonstrate the unity of humanity; and Patriarchal History (chapters 12-50) which is particular in scope and serves to present God’s concern for a covenant people. Gordon Wenham offers a similar outline: the origin of the world (chapter 1); the origin of the nations (chapters 2-11); and the origin of Israel (chapters 12-50).2 An outline that better serves the theological themes of Genesis is to present the book in three major sections: generation (chapters 1-2) which reveals God as Creator of the universe and all life therein; degeneration (chapters 3-11), which reveals the fall of the first human family and the continued downward spiral of human civilization; and regeneration (chapters 12-50) in which we are introduced to Abram, the friend of God, the father of the faithful, through whom we are given the promise of eschatological salvation. The major theme of beginnings is evident not only in the message of Genesis, but it is also demonstrated by its natural literary structure...
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...Systems Analysis and Design Project Stage 3 New System Specifications And Prototype Based on Harvard Business School case 9-692-015 Manzana Insurance – Fruitvale Branch Presented to Professor Michael Palley Stevens Institute of Technology MGT 772 SB Analysis and Development of Information Systems By Team 3 TEAM 3 Systems Analysis and Design Project Stage 3 MGT 772SB Analysis and Development of Information Systems Professor Michael Palley Table of Contents SYSTEM OVERVIEW ...............................................................................................................................................4 DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................................................................................4 POLICY REQUEST TYPES ............................................................................................................................................4 BACKGROUND ...........................................................................................................................................................4 CURRENT ORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEMS AND GOALS FOR THE NEW SYSTEM ............................................................4 FILE DESIGN..............................................................................................................................................................7 BACHMAN DIAGRAMS IN THIRD NORMAL FORM (3NF)...................
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