...Political Science 004 27 April 2014 Terrorism Affects Us All From the late 13th and the beginnings of the 14th century to the 1700s, the terror and barbarism were actually already used in warfare and conflicts. However, the key ingredients for terrorism were not quite solid yet. Until the rise of the modern nation state subsequently the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, the type of central authority and a united society that terrorism tries to influence scarcely existed. Communications were controlled, and the facts that might cause terrorism, such as religion, insurrection, political disagreements, typically led to an open warfare during earlier times of civilization. By the time kingdoms turned into nations, they had sufficient reasons to enforce their authority and repress activities such as terrorism. According to the webpage Terrorism Research, “The French Revolution provided the first uses of the words "Terrorist" and "Terrorism". The use of the word "terrorism" began in 1795 in reference to the Reign of Terror initiated by the Revolutionary government.” In other words, the agents of the Committee of Public Safety and the National Convention that administered and enforced the policies of "The Terror" were called 'Terrorists". The words terrorist and terrorism can cause an immediate effect in people’s minds. People often just relate terrorism to power and politics, but what is the real meaning of Terrorism? Every time I hear the word terrorism, I unconsciously think of Religion...
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...Michael A. Radford COMM/215 October 3, 2013 The War on Terrorism: How It Affects Us We are at war with terrorism. Even though there are many people and corporations who are benefiting from it, the war on terrorism instantaneously impact the lives of many Americans because of its ability to create fear by hindering political and economical growth, devastating job marketing and corporate industries, and cultivating evolving governmental policies that make the most essential things in society very problematic like employment, traveling, or even security. As we all know, 9/11 is considered the most iconic event in modern history which stands as a symbolic commitment toward conquering the virtually endless war on terrorism. My personal experiences are a direct reflection on how the post-9/11 era has affected me in today’s society. The War on Terrorism impacts the lives of many Americans because of the lack of control that we posses which potentially leads to anger, anxiety, or both. We often fear what we don’t understand and with that fear come economic chaos, unavoidable layoffs, political standoffs, and general feeling of being unsafe and unprotected without a timeline on when normality will to reveal itself again. Think about it…The United States is at war with terror. Not with an individual country, not with a specific terrorist organization, but with terror. So not only are we at war with every single terrorist and terrorist cell around the world, but every dime...
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...system is terrorism. It is apparent that this topic is in the radar of many countries who hold power and may feel threatened by terrorists. However, terrorism is also affecting many underdeveloped nations. The idea of terrorism isn’t solely one problem to fix or deter and then move on with our lives. Terrorism is the central problem to many other situations that are taking place in society today, especially immigration. Therefore, the idea of terrorism affects us world wide, regardless of where it is taking place. For example, if the root of terrorism is beginning to take place in Europe, although Europe is far from the United States, it still affects us on the International Spectrum because it is a problem that perpetuates more conflict across the world. I think that Terrorism is one of the greatest threats to the international system because of the ability that it has to involve so many different actors across the world at one time, with one specific situation. For example, the most recent accounts of terrorism that have taken place all have to do with the situation that originated in Syria. Not only did that act of terrorism kill many innocent people. It has also caused many of native people to flee from there home countries and seek refugee in more stable countries in Europe. The overpopulation of refuges in Europe then involves the European governments to ask from help from other developed countries such as the United States. Therefore, the idea of terrorism not only interferes...
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...4/2/2016 War on Terrorism Introduction Terrorism was dated back all the way to the first century, were a Jewish group called the Sicarii were willing to kill their enemies and their enemies associates in order to drive out the Roman Ruler from Judea. There was also the Hashhashin who was an Islamic sect who were located in Iran and Syria from the 11th to the 13th century. Though these groups were not consider terrorist in the modern sense, the use of violence to affect politics was a clear sign of terrorism. The word terrorism comes from the Reign of Terror which was started by Maxmilien Robespierre in 1793, following the French revolution. The definition of terrorism is an illegitimate use of force or violence against people and their property and is used to intimidate or persuade a government and its civilian population to advance their interest of political or social objectives. It is very effective tactic for the weaker side of a battle and can change flow or pace of a war. The act of terrorism has been used throughout history to prove dominance to a certain group of people. The war on terrorism affects people and the countries these people live in all around the world in many ways, for example, the war on terrorism effect the economy globally. According to the 2015 Global Terrorism Index, the cost of terrorism to the world was 52.9 billion in 2014, and it was the highest amount since 2001. Not only that the war on terrorism affect the economy, has it also affects people around...
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...in the meantime, "terrorism" has become American monomania since the September 11 attack, it has caused widespread concern. In this essay, I will analyze some possible cause and effect of terrorism. The first reason is that some people pressured by weak economic condition. Social contradictions have become increasingly, which lead to the development of terrorism. Because of economic recession and unemployment, diverse young people hope struggle to reality and give vent to a terrorist incident. What is more, lots of ethnic contradictions do not get a satisfactory solution. Take Israelis and Palestinians as an example, a small number of radical Palestinian organizations suicide terrorist attacks to the Israeli soldier's horrendous bombardment, because the new Israeli government carries out stringent policy on Palestinians. The third and very important factor is that terrorism is the result of religious and cultural conflict. In the recent years, there is no denying the fact that the Islamic Revival Movement has the greatest influence on a lot of Muslim nations. With the development of information industry, Western culture began to penetrate into some Muslim countries, for instance, Christianity have access to these Muslim countries, which cannot accepted by extreme fundamentalists, they are strongly opposed to the non-Muslim culture heresy and called for the full realization of the Islamization. Terrorism affects a nation in numerous aspects. Terrorism affects the economy, policy...
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...Terrorism in the United States Terrorism is like a plague. It has haunted the world as well as the United States for years. It is only currently, in light of what has happened to New York and Washington, been threatened by a nation. This newly found hatred for terrorism is not just from a government, it is from the governed as well. It is not as strait forward as one may think. There are many definitions of terrorism. The definition of terrorism depends mostly on the views and occupations of the people who define it. Scholars, politicians and journalists all define terrorism differently. Words and motivations that define terrorism range from violence and force to racism. Although one well known notion that many people are familiar with is, “one man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter.” The notion, one man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter, over time has become more than a cliché. Senator Henry Jackson commented on this notion at the Jonathan Institute's 1979 conference. The idea that one person's "terrorist" is another's "freedom fighter" cannot be sanctioned. Freedom fighters or revolutionaries don't blow up buses containing non-combatants; terrorist do. . . It is a disgrace that democracies would allow the treasured word "freedom" to be associated with the acts of terrorist. (Netanyahu 18-9) Although there are many definitions of the terrorism, one of the most widely accepted definitions is that of the FBI. The FBI states that terrorism is,...
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...Lee 1 Corey Lee College Comp 2 Professor Gordon October 7, 2010 Terrorism in America On September 11, 2001, Americans began their day as any other. This day started as an ordinary business day in the United States. However, on this day a deadly fate was placed on many American lives. At about 8:45am the World Trade Center was struck by a 747 commercial aircraft. At about 9:03am another plane was reported to have struck the south tower. The towers fell approximately an hour after the planes crashed into them. An estimation of approximately 3,000 lives was taken that day. This was labeled as a freak accident at first, but later relabeled as an act of terrorism. Terrorism is the use of violence and threats to intimidate or coerce, especially for political purposes. This act of terrorism has been the largest attack since Pearl Harbor. Many individuals can remember what they were doing when this tragedy took place. This disastrous event was just the beginning affects of terrorism on America. Terrorism has reached the top of the list on issues discussed amongst the news, radio, internet and even the ordinary citizens of America. The media especially, thrives on terrorism as if it is the only news available. The media’s focus on terrorism ranges from the Iraq bombing to new captures of Al Qaeda members. Individuals’ fear of terrorism draws their attention towards these topics. However, attention and focus on terrorism was not the only outcome of this event. The loss of revenue in...
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...preferred. Remember to clearly delineate quotations and paraphrasing through the use of quotation marks or other conventional methods. I. Based on the readings, the greatest deterrent in finding a universal definition of terrorism deals with each countries subjective views of legitimacy. The definition of terrorism seems to be culturally biased with some groups related the legitimacy of terrorism to the person who is carrying out the act and not the act itself. The interesting part is that the idea of moral is questionable to some countries. Prior to the attacks of 9/11, the major difference between the Us’s definition of terrorism was the absence of the term “weapons of mass destruction” which is now prvelant in our anti terror agenda. In the years following the attack on September 11 the idea of terrorism, primarily in the US, has been seen as based on a political agenda. I choose to look a the United States’ definition or terrorism as well as the Arab Convention for the Suppression of Terrorism’s definition of terrorism. In 1998, the Arab Convention for the Suppression of Terrorism was already addressing an issue that other countries in the world wouldn’t focus on heavily until the beginning of the War on Terrorism following 9/11. There definition does not specify a specific agenda or threat and focuses on the advancement of any criminal agenda. I found this particularly interesting being that the media puts so much emphasis on the political connection...
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...As to what actions need to be taken to combat terrorism? For starters, we need to take homeland security as a serious matter. The debates around illegals are distracting us from border and port security matters. We need to better manage the funds in rebuilding Iraq because every (billion) dollar saved can be spent on local security and intelligence efforts. Terrorism must be fought both abroad and at home. Next, we must stop fostering terrorism in the world. We may call them insurgents or terrorists, but we need to be mindful that those same people are hailed as heroes, freedom-fighters, and liberators by many in the Middle East and beyond. Every time a stray bomb blows up women and children, every time a soldier murders an innocent villiager, more freedom-fighters/terrorists are created. To rebuild Iraq, we must put the Iraqi-people-building before nation-building. Finally, we must put freedom ahead of any single idealogy, both domestic and abroad. This means that we must implement security measures without taking away individuals' due process under law, we must not allow any government agency to run amok and terrorize our own citizens. Our mission for freedom must be clear to both our soldiers and people of other nations so it does not appear as if we are fighting for oil and profit. Our mission for freedom must be so pure and true so others are willing to fight alongside with us and not against us. The Buddha and the Terrorist Seaman, Donna. The Booklist 102. 22 ...
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...The purpose of the essay is to explore the morality of terrorism. It will not consider the morality of the person who perpetrates the act of terrorism but rather the morality of what is done and the methods used to do it. Is terrorism morally justifiable? The first difficulty is in arriving at a definition of terrorism itself. The United States Department of Defence defines terrorism as “The unlawful use of violence or threat of violence, often motivated by religious, political, or other ideological beliefs, to instill fear and coerce governments or societies in pursuit of goals that are usually political.” (DOD 2015). As is to be expected from a military organisation this definition is narrow and is not even used by other departments in the same government. The FBI’s definition of terrorism is actually divides terrorism into 2 parts - International and Domestic as follows "International terrorism" means activities with the following three characteristics: • Involve violent...
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...Terrorism The American Heritage Online Dictionary defines Terrorism as “an unlawful use or threatened use of force or violence by a person or organized group against people or property with the intention of intimidating or coercing societies or governments, often for ideological or political reasons.” Given this definition I will attempt to elaborate on how terrorism affects society as a whole and how it has bought about changes in current laws as it pertains to the safety of all citizens. Terrorism is a major issue in American and has a phenomenal impact on people of all walks of life, because terrorism affects everyone directly or indirectly in some form or fashion. Since the infamous 9-11 terrorist attacks on the United States there have been many changes in regard to the way law enforcement agencies interpret and implement their mission. A perilous balance exists between police actions and the approaches needed to ensure the safety of all Americans against terrorism and personal liberties. These agencies now have a heighten sensitivity to terrorism and its threat and the balance is affected by police ethics and individual conscious. One prime example is the Patriot Act, which many contend is designed to protect our country and its citizens from the recurrences of the 9-11 terrorist attacks; in practice the Patriot Act is an even more dangerous attack against our personal liberties. “It is an attack on the very premises upon which this country is founded...
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...Instructor: Tony Gaskew Jacqueline Hunter IP# 4 The definition of domestic terrorism in the United States has changed over the years. It is believed that the act of domestic terrorism occurred long before any legal definition came into play. The FBI Terrorist Research defined domestic terrorism as “the unlawful use of force or violence committed by a group of two or more individuals, also against a person or property to intimidate or coerce a government. Under current Law in the United States the act of terrorism are those which involve human lives that are a violation of the criminal law of the United States or of any State, this was set forth by the USA Patriot Act. Terrorism has abruptly has moved to the center of the public and has become a household subject matter and also many levels of politics, law and criminal justice. The September 11, attack change the way law enforcement respond to the threat and reality of terrorism. The World Trade Center attack had a ripple affect that could be felt across the world and this led to major reorganization of counter- terrorism policing. The United States the most striking change in policing has been a sudden expansion of police powers, justified by the tragedy and devastation of the attack. This expansion brought about a new refocusing of resource and the restructure of the federal, state, and local police agencies. There was more focus put on terrorism, for instant the FBI assigned 4,000 of it 27,000 agents to counter-terrorist...
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...War on Terror and its impact on Development in Pakistan Over the years Pakistan has fallen victim to the affects of war on terrorism. Slowly but surely Pakistan’s social structure, economic development and political systems are being eroded. Due to its geo-strategic position, Pakistan has faced adverse affects because of the invasions in Afghanistan by the USSR and U.S. The country also faces internal threats by religious and linguistic groups that help increase terrorism in Pakistan. Terrorism is destroying Pakistan infrastructure by reducing human capital, diverting foreign direct investments and redirecting public investment funds to national security. Terrorism can be defined as “the use of violent acts to frighten the people in an area as a way of trying to achieve a political or social goal” (). Terrorism has now become a global problem and Pakistan is among one of the countries that has been highly affected by it. After the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, the Taliban surfaced as a resistance movement aspiring to eject the Soviet troops from Afghanistan. The United States and Pakistan provided considerable financial and military support to the Afghan Mujahedeen who were able to impose heavy losses on the Soviet troops. Following the 9/11 attacks, the U.S. declared a war against Afghanistan. at this point the U.S. recognized the seeds they had sown. Taliban was a creation of the Pakistani intelligence agency (the ISI) but was funded by the U.S. The U.S. provided...
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...Since the early 1990s, the internet has grown technologically faster and with more capabilities than any other type of technology in the world, leaving the United State with a sense of fear with this type of network being a risk to our national security. While most of us find the internet to be a great tool of information, and unlimited capabilities, it can devastate us personally and financially. The internet can increase the risk of theft, fraud and even the possibility to suffer from a cyber-attack or even worse a cyber-terrorism, leaving our country at risk especially for those who work in the government defense agencies and private corporations. In 2003, the conflict with Iraq created a round of speculations that the United States was going to experience cyber-attacks in revenge (Clarke). But, since 1995 there haven’t been any reports of cyber-attacks that would produce panic or damage to U.S. infrastructure or that affects our military operations. By any means this is not a result of idleness by terrorist groups. Between 1996 and the end of 2001 there was 1,813 international terrorist attacks performed. To mention a few that involved citizen targets, there is the Khobar Tower Bombing in June 1996, the Embassy Bombing in East Africa in August 1998, and the USS Cole attack in October 2000. Between 1996 and 2003, to compare between terrorist attacks around 1,813, computer security incidents around 217,394 and cyber-attacks on infrastructure which they were 0, reporters have...
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...Emotion has received a mixed reception within terrorism studies. This is partially due to the somewhat nebulous nature of emotion. As Smith notes, research into emotion is multifaceted and contested. Emotion is difficult to define and conceptualise, this challenge is exacerbated by the inability of the individual to convey their own emotional experiences. Additionally, limited contact with individuals involved in terrorism has meant scholars have had little chance to explore the concept at the source. Adding to this difficulty is what Cottee and Hayward call the “hardened empiricism of many terrorism scholars,” who would prefer to focus on other aspects of terrorism such organisational structure, tactics, and ideology. This has led to the...
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