...A constitution can be defined as a laid down rules for the government which are time and again codified as a form of written manuscript that spells out and confines the functions and ability to exercise force of a political party (power). In the case of countries and sovereign regions of federal states the phrase refers exclusively to a constitution defining the core principles of politics, and instituting the configuration, procedures, powers and duties, of a government. Most constitutions guarantee rights to the people by limiting the government’s own reach. We will be comparing and contrasting the American constitution against the Iraqi constitution. Both constitutions are codified. Under the patronage of a British military occupation in 1925, Iraqis first constitution entered into force which then formed a monarchy which remained in effect until in 1958, the revolution established a republic. Interim constitutions have been adopted over the years but a referendum that took place in 2005 approved the constitution currently being used by Iraqis. On the other hand the American constitution is considered foundation and basis of the legal right to exercise power over another (authority) essential to the existence of the United States of America and the federal government of the United States. It grants the framework for the institute of the United States government and for the rapport of the federal government to the states, to citizens, and to all people within the United States...
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...COURT COMPARISON AND CONTRAST PAPER 1 Court Comparison and Contrast Paper COURT COMPARISON AND CONTRAST PAPER 2 Comparing State and Federal Court Systems There are many factors that involve the differences in state and federal courts. The three major factors that separate the two court systems are the structure, the selection of judges, and the types of cases that are presented in each of the two court levels. There are many reasons that there are two different court levels. This is so that we have checks and balance between the federal courts and the state courts. The structure of the Federal courts is based off Article III of the constitution of the United States. This article gave the federal system the power to create the Supreme Court as well as all the lower federal courts. The federal court system is broken down into six different types of courts which starting from the highest are the Supreme Court, United States Court of Appeals, United States District Courts, as well as the special federal courts which are the United States Bankruptcy Courts and the United States Courts of Special Jurisdiction. Within each of these courts they each handle specific cases that are presented to them. The State Court System is broken down into four different levels of courts. First are the trial courts...
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...To what extent can Spain be called federal when compared with German federalism? This paper will serve to answer the question in the subject. It is important to bear in mind that this question will be answered via a comparison. Because of this comparison a certain structure is maintained during this paper. It will discuss the key points of the German political form first, where after the key points of Spain will be discussed. These two forms will be compared to each other, to expose to what extend Spain is a federal State. For the purpose of this paper, federalism entails that there needs to b e a form of political integration whereby the states, transfer sovereign powers to the federation. The federation then would control the actions from the states from a central government. Key-marks of federalism will be broad competence for the states, limited competences for the central government and entrenchment of divided power in the constitution. For this paper the distinction between co-ordinate federalism and co-operative federalism is made. In co-ordinate federalism each state is separate, has its own exclusive competences, its own administration, its own taxes and a minimal need for co-operation. Co-operative federalism on the other hand entails more collaboration between the states and the central government. Competences between states are mostly shared, the central government legislated and the states are to implement this legislation in most fields, the states are however...
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...A Comparison of the Founding Documents for the United States of America Liberty University A Comparison of the Founding Documents for the United States of America This document will provide a brief comparison and synopsis of some of the most important writings of our time: The Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson’s letter to the Danbury Baptists, and the U.S. Constitution. Also, this will be an analysis of what I believe the signers of the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution thought about the separation of church and state, as well as God from government. The Declaration of Independence was written on July 4, 1776 by Thomas Jefferson. Its purpose was to officially separate the colonies from Great Britain and the tyrant of a king. In doing so, Jefferson lists out 27 reasons why they should separate, with the three main points being, “All men are created equal…, All men have some rights given to them by God…, That among these rights are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” (Carr, 2015). Therefore when the government infringes on these rights, the people of the county have the right to make changes or get rid of it, in this case, the King and Great Britain altogether. Some examples of the King of Great Britain’s wrongdoings were that “he interfered with the people’s rights to self-govern and for a fair judicial system… imposed taxes without their consent… and cut off trade with all parts of the world” (Jefferson, 2015). The end result of...
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...cover several topics. I will be discussing the comparison and contrast of the federal court structure with the state of Illinois court structure, the roles of law and courts in today’s business environment and the concept of judicial review. I will also explain how laws and regulations affect the childcare industry. The differences between federal and state courts are defined mainly by jurisdiction. Jurisdiction refers to the kinds of cases a court is authorized to hear. State courts have broad jurisdiction, so the cases individual citizens are most likely to be involved in -- such as robberies, traffic violations, broken contracts, and family disputes -- are usually tried in state courts. The only cases state courts are not allowed to hear are lawsuits against the United States and those involving certain specific federal laws: criminal, antitrust, bankruptcy, patent, copyright, and some maritime cases. Federal court jurisdiction, by contrast, is limited to the types of cases listed in the Constitution and specifically provided for by Congress. For the most part, federal courts only hear cases in which the United States is a party, Cases involving violations of the U.S. Constitution or federal laws (under federal-question jurisdiction), Cases between citizens of different states if the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000 (under diversity jurisdiction), and Bankruptcy, copyright, patent, and maritime law cases. The comparison between the two is that most states have a trial...
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...Running head: MIDTERM CRITICAL SUMMARY Midterm Critical Summary El Kihal Mohammed Al Akhawayn University 1 MIDTERM CRITICAL SUMMARY 2 The first six chapters discussed in-class included the comparison methodology in political systems, in addition to the political attitudes and behaviors in relation with the ethical foundations of politics. Furthermore, it included an introduction to political ideologies with a focus on the democratic ones. Moreover, it showcased the development of the modern state, along with some key concepts in politics such as constitutions and processes such as pressure groups and social movements. Before engaging in comparing political systems, it is imperative to be aware of the comparison methodology used for this kind of social science. The scientific method used in social sciences is based on the empirical method which includes several steps, of which the most important are: the formulation of the hypotheses after asking curious questions related to a topic of interest - the data collection - the data analysis - the results’ interpretation related to the questions raised. Looking at the political attitudes of people under a specific political system helps to understand the political systems, but what is the reason behind that? Simply because looking at the political attitude of every individual might prove itself to be impossible, so social scientists started analyzing the general trend in the political attitudes of...
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...Federal vs. State Policy Comparison Yadira Garcia Rodriguez Federal vs. States Policy Comparison In this assignment, I will be comparing and contrasting the differences and similarities of the federal and state government as it pertains to their role in the implementation of criminal justice policy, also I will address all aspects of policy development and implementation. A public policy is the body of principles that underpin the operation of legal systems in each state, also I will discuss each of the policies and how they are similar and how they are different. Federal and State policies are made to help keep our Country running smoothly. If there were no policies then keeping our Country safe would be a hard task. Policies are principles that are set to help make our Country operate on a daily bases. I like to think of it as rules that are set to keep our Country safe, because if there were no rules then everyone would be doing their own thing which could cause for a much disorganized situation and a chaos society. What is the definition of federal government? (A government with strong central powers According to "The Free Dictionary” (2012).When it comes to the federal government, their powers also control and pay the debt within this country. They also are the ones that created the rules and walls for immigration. They establish the punishment for those who create counterfeiting crimes. They also provide the fix in the...
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...of three distinct parts; executive, legislative and judiciary. The President is head of the Executive government, whereas the Congress heads the legislative and judiciary government i.e. Supreme Court. The Constitution of the United States of America went into effect in 1789 and is in effect since. The powers of the President are as mentioned by Article II of the constitution. Even though the constitution itself has not changed and the powers of the President remain the same as vested by the constitution, there has been a great difference between the powers exercised by the first President; George Washington and the current President; Barack Obama. First, the powers of the President bestowed by the Constitution will be reviewed. Then a comparison of the powers exercised by George Washington and Barack Obama will be discussed. Presidential Powers according to the Constitution American politics is now dominated by the President. But the president does not govern the country. The government of America is composed of coordination of executive, legislative and judiciary bodies. The President should accept and recognize the legitimate powers of the senators and representatives for the usual day to day works. The following powers are given to the President by the Constitution: * The power to appoint members of Cabinet, ambassadors, Judges of Federal Courts and Justices of Supreme Courts (after consulting the Senate). * Power to veto bills formulated by the Congress. *...
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...The Articles of Confederation was the original Constitution of the United States that was ratified in 1781. It was later replaced with the U.S. Constitution in 1789. The Articles of Confederation was a written document that established the functions of the national government of the U.S., after it declared independence from Great Britain. It is an important document in American history because it united the individual states and established the federal government. https://www.reference.com/history/three-weaknesses- articles-confederation. This document was needed so that the governing states could act together to become a nation. The Articles of Confederation needed to be changed to allow the citizens the freedom of speech and religion. The Articles...
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...POLS 212 Guy Reading Assignment: Articles of Confederation and Constitution Professor Guy February 11, 2015 The Constitution: An illustration of Thomas Jefferson’s flawed Worldview The Articles of Confederation’s underlining objective was to project the wellbeing of the states, “The…States hereby severally enter into a firm league of friendship with each other, for their common defense, the security of their liberates, and their mutual and general welfare.” From a theoretical standpoint, the Articles objective seems practical and acceptable, however, because the Articles granted the states full sovereignty, the Articles thus had authority to ensure general welfare. The lack of enforcement and power is one of the chief flaws in the Articles, and the need for a constitution that granted the federal government more power is quite possibly the most intriguing concept from this day’s reading assignment. When reading today’s assignment, the provisions in the Articles of Confederation appear to be Thomas Jefferson’s ideal constitution. Jefferson’s farmer is the analogy I thought of when reading the Articles. Independent farmers are people who provide for their own subsistence, according to Jefferson, and a community that instills this philosophical principal is positioned to become a virtuous society. The unlimited expansion of commerce and industry eventually leaves people vulnerable to political subjugation and economic manipulation. I used Jefferson’s farmer because...
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...University of Phoenix Material Influences on the Constitution Table Write one or two paragraphs in each section. Include citations for your sources. |Documents |Summary |What was its influence on the Constitution? | |Magna Carta |The Magna Carta is the first document to challenge the king, |One of the most important influences was the habeas corpus: due process of law. This| | |protecting the people from feudal abuse (Whipps, 2012). It |was written in the middle of the Magna Carta, which came over to the “new world” | | |helped influence some key ideas into the U.S. Constitution. |with the pilgrims (Whipps, 2012). | |Mayflower Compact |This article was drawn up on the mayflower because of the |This was in a way the first constitution since there was not a government set up yet| | |mutinous speeches that had come about because of where they |when the pilgrims arrived. It attempted to establish temporary government in the new| | |were going to settle. In a way this was the first constitution,|world (history). ...
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...John Nicolet June 5, 2015 Compare and Contrast 1. Compare and contrast the Magna Carta to the U.S. Constitution. A.The 6th amendment of the Constitution reads "In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjpy the right to be confronted with the witness against him." Also it was in the Magna Carta that "No freeman shall be taken or imprsioned or exiled or in any waydestroyrd except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land. B. In Paragraph 29 of the Magna Carta it reads as follows, "No freeman is to be taken or imprisoned or disseised of his free tenement or of his liberties or free customs, or outlawed or exiled or in any way ruined, nor will we go against such a man or send against him save by lawful judgement of his peers or by the law of the land. To no-one will we sell or deny of delay right or justice. It reads the same in Amendment 6 that " In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial..wherein the crime shall have been committed." 2. Compare and contrast the English bill of rights of 1689 and the U.S. Constitution. A.The Bill creates separation of powers, limits the powers of the king and queen, enhances the democratic election and bolsters freedom of speech as well in the Constitution it talks about the seperation of power of each branch of the government. For example in Article 3 Section 2 talks about the Judical branches power and powers that the Supreme Court...
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...population: 4.6 million government: republic currency: euro THE CONSTITUTION: -enacted in 1937. it is the fundamental legal document that states how Ireland should be governed through a series of 50 articles. -Irish title of the constitution is Bunreacht na hEireann. The name of the state is Eire. Ireland in the english language. -sovereign, independent, democratic state. the people have the power to decide the ruler of the state. anyone who was a citizen of Ireland before the constitution came into practice, automatically becomes the citizen of ireland when the constitution comes into practice. No person can be denied the citizenship of ireland based on their sex. -citizenship by birth granted only if the person has one irish parent or one parent entitled to become an irish citizen. GEOGRAPHY: -natural resources: natural gas, peat, copper, lead, zinc, silver, barite, gypsum, limestone, dolomite. -agricultural land under use: 66.1 -environment agreement: Air--Pollution persistent Organic Pollutants, Marine Life Conservation PEOPLE: -Age composition: 0-14: 21.5% (male 537,239/ female 514,369) 15-54: 55.66% (male 1,371,350/ female 1,351,903) 65 and above: 12.61% (male 284,399/ female 249,453) -population growth rate: 1.25% (2015) country comparison to the world is 94 -birth rate: 14.84 births/ 1000 population (2015) country comparison 132 -death rate: 6.48 deaths/1000 population (2015) country comparison 150 - urban population- 63.2%, rate of urbanization: 1.58%...
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...Most nations have one document clearly mapping out government powers, establishing a rule of law and highlighting rights. The United Kingdom is an exception to this, having a ‘constitution’ created using many different pieces of legislation. This situation can allow for large windows of Parliamentary influence, given that the government can constitutionally reform in order to suit its policy. “In [flexible constitutions] a constitution can be changed by simple majority votes in the legislature while in [rigid constitutions] the same amendment would require some form of…‘super-majority’” (Flinders, 2005). Recent episodes of reform include the emergence of devolution in Scotland and Wales, the introduction of the Fixed-Term Parliament Act and suggestions of reforming the House of Lords. An uncodified constitution means that power to change the constitution as if amending other laws is available to the UK Government. Thus, it is very easy for Parliament to make changes to the operation of UK politics. In other countries, such as the USA, each act of the legislature has to adhere to the constitution, and is checked by the Supreme Court. “Constitutional review is used to counter tyranny… securing political and human rights, as well as preserving democracy” (La Porta et al., 2003). Without this check upon Parliament, the government has power to...
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...Why Did The King Make The Flight To Varennes? The flight of King Louis is best explained by an accumulation of long term and short term causes, based on the beliefs and intentions of people at the time, and the existing conditions in France at that time. The French people were against the King as they believed in the ideals of the new constitution; fraternity, liberty and equality. And the new constitution greatly decreased teh kings power, it even changed his title to King of French. This was done because it was felt Louis should rule for the French people not just for the privileged few, and they thought he couldn’t do this in Versailles with so many distractions, so they moved him to Paris where they could watch him and what he was doing. This action of moving the king to Tuileries was the short term trigger which caused the King to flee to Varennes. Tuileries was a basic castle in comparison to the extravagance of Versailles palace where the King could do what he wanted when he wanted. And as such Tuilerires was much more run down and its grounds were smaller than those at Versailles so Louis’ passion for hunting was severely limited. And this lack of luxuries led to him fleeing as he felt the condition of the accommodation was unsuitable for a King. Leaders from other countries were worried by what was happening in France as they believed that if the revolution in France succeeded then it could inspire the people in their country to have a similar revolution. One such...
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