...health. Such an unequal distribution of health benefits and burdens would be unjust. (Brock and Wikler, 2006) Moreover, individuals have a right to live their lives with freedom and dignity. A market in blood would inevitably lead to abuses that would violate the freedom and dignity of individuals. Allowing blood to be bought and sold would lead to what one critic called the "plundering of peasants' parts for profits", the exploitation of the poor and ignorant, especially in impoverished third-world countries. People living in extreme poverty are often desperate and ill-informed. Profit seekers would take advantage of this, obtaining "consent" from those who feel compelled by necessity to sell their blood, and who may not have a clear idea of the consequences of what they were doing. Such a scheme would encourage the most vulnerable in society to treat themselves as commodities and allow others to violate their rights for commercial gain. (Andre and Velasquez, 2014)...
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...Promoting and Maintaining Innovation NAME University of Phoenix OI/361 Innovation, Design, and Creativity for a Competitive Advantage Promoting and Maintaining Innovation Innovation is a combination of creativity, to come up with ideas, and implementation, putting those ideas into practice. Implementation is a three step process: idea selection, development, and commercialization (Von Stamm, 2003). Innovation is required in order for an organization to grow and remain ahead of the competition. Organizations use motivational tools to promote innovation in the workplace. This paper will evaluate the roles these motivational tools play in promoting innovation and the leadership required to maintain innovation in an organization. Roles of Motivational Tools To promote innovation, organizations use incentives, training, and education to motivate employees. Incentives come in the form of monetary rewards such as a bonus and non-monetary rewards such as a reserved parking space. Incentives attract employee’s attention and motivate them to work harder. Employees in the sales department tend to work harder knowing that at the end of the quarter there will a bonus based on the amount of revenue they generated. Training and education have the same overall result. They both provide knowledge to employees in their area of work thus helping them be better at their job. Training however is more specialized than education. Some organizations...
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...Marketing in Business assignment 2013 Cleanse PLC New Product Development Assumptions As the information given by Cleanse PLC is not enough, here are some assumptions. 1. Cleanse PLC’s competitors are local companies in Turkey. 2. Assume that the “Wonder Wash powder” was not selling well because the product did not fulfill the target market (Turkey)’s needs and cultural. Introduction and Background Cleanse PLC is a major producer of domestic washing powders and other domestic cleaning products since 1901. It is based in Manchester in the United Kingdom. The company have been produced a lots of products under well-known domestic brand names. The company owns four production plants in the United Kingdom, each of them specializing in particular products and brands, and to satisfy the growing demands for their products across Europe. The company also has a production plant in Genoa, Italy. The European Board members of Cleanse PLC have invested many millions of Euros into the Turkish production plant for construction and operation. Cleanse PLC has recently acquired an additional production plant located in Istanbul, Turkey. The company did this in an attempt to tap into the growing demand for domestic washing products in Turkey and its surrounding countries. Cleanse PLC’s Turkish production facility mostly produces washing powder with other Cleanse PLC products. The branded washing powder ‘Wonder-Wash’ was not selling well in...
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...Innovation as a Change Process Abstract: Harper & Leicht, (2007) adequately relate on page 228 of the textbook, “Exploring Social Change: America and the World,” that innovation stimulates change by: (1) the discovery or invention of novelty; (2) its communication to others; and (3) its adoption or rejection by people in society (Harper & Leicht, 2007, p. 228). It is important to make a distinction between invention and innovation. Invention is the first occurrence of an idea for a new product or process while innovation is an attempt put it into practice and the actualization or realization of an invention, whether it would be a societal benefit, commercialization, market entry, or monetization. Thesis Statement and Introduction: Innovation is necessary for any type of change process to be effective. On page 229 of the textbook relates that innovation is a basis of social change, technological innovations have socio-cultural dimensions with complex and often unpredictable consequences when widely adopted and complex factors shape their spread, adoption, or rejection within human communities and societies. Change often (page 227) happens by innovations and discoveries within society, both scientific/technical and socio-cultural. Innovative action involves a linkage or fusion of two or more elements that have not been previously joined in just this fashion. This results in a qualitatively whole. The textbook further relates that all innovation results from combinations...
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...(ITES). At the opposite extreme, India largely remains a subsistence economy. With an average per capita income of $720 in 2005, India is still a low-income and mainly rural, agrarian economy. About a quarter of its population lives below the national poverty line, with significant spatial variance across and within states.2 Roughly 70 percent of its population is rural, and 60 percent of the workforce is engaged in agriculture. Illiteracy rates are 46 percent for women and 25 percent for men.3 Given this dual economy, it is natural to ask what can be done both to strengthen the likelihood of sustained high growth rates and to address the unmet needs of the informal sector and the poor. To sustain growth and reduce poverty, India must leverage and improve its innovation potential. Innovation can be a critical driver of increased productivity and competitiveness and, ultimately, poverty alleviation.4 India’s recent acceleration in growth has been impressive. Over the 2004–06 period, real GDP has grown by over 8 percent a year. Growth has been driven by a jump in export-oriented, skill-intensive manufacturing (pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, auto parts and assembly) and services (IT, business services, finance). These have been accompanied by a...
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...BA 170 Exam #2 Notes March 19, 2015 Products and Services Product Anything that can be offered in a market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption that might satisfy a need or a want May be defined as everything both favorable and unfavorable that a person receives in an exchange Service is a product that consists of activities, benefits or satisfaction that is essentially intangible and does not result in the ownership of anything. Experiences represent what buying the product or service will do for the customer 3 levels of Product 1. Core customer value - What is the customer buying? 2. Actual product – What is the core benefit of the product? (Brand name, features, design, packaging, quality level) 3. Augmented value – what are the additional customer services and benefits? (Warranty, product support, deliveryand credit, after sales service) Product Classification 1. Consumer products a. Products and services for personal consumptions b. CONSUMER PRODUCT CLASSIFICATION: i. Convenience Products – consumer products and services that the customer buys frequently, immediately and with a minimum comparison and buying effort ii. Shopping products – consumer products and services that the customer compares carefully on suitability, quality, price and style iii. Specialty products – products with unique characteristics or brand identification for which a significant group of buyers is willing to make a special purchase effort iv...
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...screening serotonin like compounds from Lilly’s historical library 1992 – Glaxo launched sumatriptin (Imitrex) 1994 March/April “Hot” lead compound found from the screen with good fit at the serotonin 1f receptor Kaldor gives combinatorial chemistry seminar to an in-house audience at Lilly March/June Improvement upon this lead made using traditional chemistry September Sphinx acquired December Schaus presents seminar on his research to other CNS research group leaders 1995 – PTAC(Project Approval Committee) meets to discuss strategic choices in migraine project 2001 – Projected launch, if approved, of Lilly’s migraine product 2003 - Patent protection of Prozac ends What is a heavyweight project team and how does it differ from a traditional approach used for organizing development projects at Eli Lilly? A functional structure is a traditional approach found in most mature and larger companies where people are grouped in disciplines that work under a sub-function manager. The different subfunctions coordinate ideas through detailed specifications that all parties agree to at the onset and meet occasionally to discuss issues that cut across the various groups. Eli Lilly was a product focused company which concentrated on its particular pattern from its design to the market stage. The company till the 1990s followed the traditional approach in the product development stages. The basic research would be carried out for about...
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...` , Single-Author Thesis THE EFFECT OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PROCESSES ON COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE THESIS Ronald M. Salazar, SMSgt, USAF AFIT-LSCM-ENS-12-16 DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE AIR UNIVERSITY AIR FORCE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED Sample 3. Disclaimer Statement The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the United States Government. AFIT-LSCM-ENS-12-16 THE EFFECT OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PROCESSES ON COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE THESIS Presented to the Faculty Department of Systems and Engineering Management Graduate School of Engineering and Management Air Force Institute of Technology Air University Air Education and Training Command In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Engineering and Environmental Management Ronald M. Salazar, BS SMSgt, USAF March 2012 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED. Sample 4. Thesis Title Page, Single Author AFIT-LSCM-ENS-12-16 THE EFFECT OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PROCESSES ON COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE Ronald M. Salazar, BS SMSgt, USAF Approved: _____________//signed//______________ William Cunningham...
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...profitability. New Products in today's era does not just mean the products that nobody has ever seen or used but also include other factors. Companies developing new products may develop products that are new to the world and create a new market. For example when apple brought iPads in the market, the concept was totally new and it created its new customers. New products development can also be a new line added in the company, innovating ideas to improve the existing products, target new market and also ideas to reduce the price for already existing products. The process of developing new products varies between companies, and even between products within the same company. Regardless of organizational differences, a good new product is the result a methodical development effort with well defined product specifications and project goals. As explained in an article1 development project for a market-pull product is generally organized along the lines shown in Figure 1. [pic] Figure1: The Generic Product Development Process A local Pizzeria in my town called...
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...Frameworks Focus Critical Value Factors Quality, Functionality and Customization Core Capabilities The Sand Cone Model Quality Market Evolution Outsourcing and Offshoring Performance Frontiers and Improvement Trajectories Functionality Generating New Market Ideas Business Strategy Disruptive Technologies Business and Product Strategies Commercialization Operations and Global Competitiveness Strategy Implementation The Balanced Scorecard Transformation Process Characteristics Example Lean Management Dependability and Speed Cost and Productivity Strategy maps Supply Chain Management Customization Stages of Operational Effectiveness The Aggregate Project Plan Shaded headings indicate especially timely topics. 21 CH A P T E R IN PERSPECTIVE This chapter describes the critical role of operations to the global competitiveness of the organization. We start the discussion with a review of global trends in the economy, the evolution of international markets and products, and the impact of operations on competitiveness and the global supply chain. Next we describe the process of formulating and implementing the busi- I ness strategy, including the role of outsourcing and offshoring. Following this, we describe five strategic frameworks available to businesses as underpinnings for their strategy, and then close the chapter with a description of those operations ...
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...ANALYZE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCT CYCLE TIME TOWARDS COMMERCIAL SUCCESS TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages Executive Summary 2 1.0 Research Overview 2.1 Introduction 3 2.2 Research Background 3 2.0 Literature Review 2.1 Review of the Literature on the relationship between cycle time and products 3-9 3.0 Analysis and Discussion 9-10 4.0 Conclusion 11 5.0 References 12 CHAPTER I 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Research Background As global competitive pressure increase and product life cycle compress, companies are trying to shorten product development cycle times (Griffin, Journal of Marketing Research, Febuary 1997). Nevertheless, faster may not be always good. Intensive research in one firm shows that rapid development times are not correlated with expected commercial success (Utterback M. H., 1995) New product development (NPD) cycle time is critical because life cycle are shrinking, and obsolescence is occurring more quickly than in the past while competition also has intensified. To keep up with competition and continue grow in the face of shorter...
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...is regarded as having achieved some measure of success. Therefore, there is the need to strengthen entrepreneurship to nurture nascent entrepreneurs and achieve the goal of enterprise development. The following are methods of strengthening entrepreneurship in Kenya: Strengthening financial systems The biggest challenge to entrepreneurial ventures is lack of capital to realize entrepreneurial dreams. A lack of resilient financial systems has been a hindrance to development of MSEs and hence entrepreneurship. A sound financial system therefore improves the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Private equity and venture capital are an important source of seed money. Overall, access to credit is some of the financial challenges of entrepreneurship in Kenya. Development of capital markets is the key to encouraging graduation of SMEs from ordinary small companies to public listed entities. Is the same vein, a healthy banking sector improves access to capital for startups. Government support through policy perceived as friendly by entrepreneurs The...
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...Executing IP Strategy with ICM Process Implementation By Bruce Story, Senior Advisor, ipCapital Group Introduction: Background from Dow While leading Intellectual Capital Management (ICM) in the Plastics Business at The Dow Chemical Company, I witnessed the value of having a business-aligned IP strategy, implemented early in the development of a new technology platform. The difference between leaving IP development to the ad hoc process dependent on the initiative of the inventor and using IP strategy to guide R&D and new business development can be immense. The high performance elastomers business platform developed at Dow in the last decade is worth over a billion dollars. With the increasingly global competitive environment, this never would have been sustained without the implementation of an IP strategy that took into account the business strategy, competitors’ patenting strategies, the product value chain, and providing a closecoupling of actionable IP strategy to the R&D staff. Previously, as is common in many companies, the IP strategy was basically a legal strategy for obtaining patents. Dow’s attorneys were very good at getting patents granted. However, the disclosing of inventions was left to the initiative of the inventors who were often too busy with their projects to document their inventions. The “Inventor-of-the–Year” Award went to the inventor who received the most U.S. patents in the previous year. Quantity was being rewarded rather than IP...
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...ACADEMIC GUIDELINES www.ibs.utm.my ACADEMIC GUIDELINES CONTENTS ITEM PAGE Overview / Background of UTM 4 Philosophy of UTM 4 Vision of UTM 4 Mission of UTM 4 Motto of UTM 4 International Business School (IBS) In Brief 5 Vision of UTM IBS 5 Mission of UTM IBS 5 Core Values 5 Client Charter 6 UTM IBS Organization Chart 7 Postgraduate Administrator 8 Graduate Faculty 9 Enrolment and Duration Of Studies 13 Change of Program Of Study, Type of Registration, And Mode of Study 13 Withdrawal (TD) of a Course 14 Attendance 14 Academic Load 14 Credit Exemption and Transfer 15 Grading System 16 Academic Standing 17 Deferment, Suspension and Termination 18 2 ACADEMIC GUIDELINES ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) 20 21 Introduction MBA Course Structure Programme Specifications and Learning Outcomes 23 Course Synopsis 26 21 DOCTOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (DBA) Programme Specifications and Learning Outcomes DBA Course Structure 38 41 OTHER INFORMATION REFERENCES UTM IBS Postgraduate Student Society (PGSS) 42 43 3 ACADEMIC GUIDELINES OVERVIEW / BACKGROUND OF UTM The main campus of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) is located in a strategic area of 1,177 hectares in the Iskandar Development Region, Johor.UTM has another campus known as the UTM Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Semarak with an area of 18 hectares. The history of UTM began in 1904 as a Treacher Techical School and was later...
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...[pic][pic] F-2,Block, Amity Campus Sec-125, Nodia (UP) India 201303 ASSIGNMENTS PROGRAM: SEMESTER-I |Subject Name :FUNDAMENTALS OF MARKETING | |MANAGEMENT | |Study COUNTRY :UGANDA | |Permanent Enrollment Number (PEN) :MFC001152010-20120139 | |Roll Number : MFC001152010-20120139 | |Student Name :ADONIA TIBERONDWA | INSTRUCTIONS Students are required to submit all three assignment sets. |ASSIGNMENT |DETAILS |MARKS | |Assignment A |Five Subjective Questions |10 | |Assignment B |Three Subjective Questions + Case Study |10 | |Assignment...
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