... The people of Sleepy Hollow believe in the legend of the Headless Horsemen whose mission is to follow his controller’s commands and behead anyone the controller wishes. When Ichabod Crane, a coroner from New York and protagonist of the story, comes to Sleepy Hollow to investigate three murders he thought he could solve with science and logic but he soon finds out he needs to follow his intuition. Burton uses the setting to portray the feeling the viewer is supposed to have. Sleepy Hollow is dark and mysterious as well as the people in it. When the sky is gloomy and dark and when the grass is brown the viewer gets a since of eeriness and maybe that something bad will happen....
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...to switch the analog circuit through the Telco. 2. Which of the following are services that Telco’s have offered as WAN services over the years? (Choose two answers.) Answer: A, Switched analog circuits. B, Dedicated Digital circuits 3. This chapter claims that IP routers work well as devices that connect to many different types of interfaces, including LANs and WANs. Which of the following answers list the reasons why routers do well in this role? (Choose two answers.) Answer B. Router vendors sell many different types of physical interface cards, so the routers have the right physical connectors to connect to different types of networks. D. Routers discard old data-link headers and insert new data-link headers as part of their logic, which treats each interface’s lower-layer details as independent from each other. 4. An enterprise network has many routers that connect to both a LAN as well as the WAN. Which one of the following statements best describes how routers typically use and think about their WAN connections? Answer: B. The question specifically asks for the one best answer and for the routers’ perspective. In this case, the answer about routers ignoring Layers 1 and 2 is simply incorrect; routers must know about these layers to receive and send data. Routers can send IP packets to user host destinations on the WAN itself, but because most user devices sit on a LAN of some kind, the most typical case for routers is to view the WAN as a way...
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...Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BScIT) – Semester 1/ Diploma in Information Technology (DIT) – Semester 1 BT0064 – Digital Logic ------------------------------------------------- Assignment Set – 1 Q1. Convert the following octal numbers to base 10 a. 273 Answer: 187 b. 1021 Answer: 529 Q2. What is a logic gate? Answer: When we deal with logical circuits (as in computers), we not only need to deal with logical functions; we also need some special symbols to denote these functions in a logical diagram. There are three fundamental logical operations, from which all other functions, no matter how complex, can be derived. These functions are named and, or, and not. Each of these has a specific symbol and a clearly-defined behavior, as follows: | | The AND GateThe AND gate implements the AND function. With the gate shown to the left, both inputs must have logic 1 signals applied to them in order for the output to be a logic 1. With either input at logic 0, the output will be held to logic 0.If your browser supports the Javascript functions required for the demonstrations built into this page, you can click the buttons to the left of the AND gate drawing to change their assigned logic values, and the drawing will change to reflect the new input states. Other demonstrations on these pages will work the same way.There is no limit to the number of inputs that may be applied to an AND function, so there is no functional limit to the number...
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...4 (2 points) Question 4 Saved The maxterm expression for the function g(A,B,C) given: g(A,B,C)=A'B + AB' + AC Question 4 options: a) ∏M(2,3,4,5,7) b) ∏M(0,1,6) c) ∏M(1,3,5,7) d) None of the above Save Question 5 (4 points) Question 5 Saved For the function: f(A,B,C,D) = A'BCD+ A'B + ACD'+ BC What would be the canonical sum of products expansion? Question 5 options: a) f(A,B,C,D)= A'BC'D'+A'BC'D+A'BCD'+ A'BCD + AB'CD'+ABCD'+ ABCD b) f(A,B,C,D)= A'BC'D'+A'BC'D+A'BCD'+ A'BCD + ABC'D' c) f(A,B,C,D)= A'BC'D'+C'D+A'BCD'+ A'BCD + ABC'D'+ BC'D+BCD'+ CD d) The function is already expressed in canonical form Save Question 6 (3 points) Question 6 Saved The waveforms are correct for the logic circuit shown above. Question 6 options: True False Save Question 7 (3 points) Question 7 Saved For circuit shown, which option gives the equivalent, minimal circuit? Note, the bubble shown in the input B to the lower AND gate in the option a is equivalent to an inverter. Question 7 options: a) Option a b) Option b c) Option c d) None of the above View hint...
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...When I was asked to write this, I was a bit overwhelmed because as I started reflecting on my life. And I was even more overwhelmed when I realized that, in the perspective of a full life. Nevertheless, I’ve adopted a few simple philosophies that have helped me get through life. Trust your instincts: Your instincts are there for a reason. So LISTEN TO YOURSELF!!! Recognize that feeling in your gut when something is off. Or let your instincts lead you to the right decision in an extremely difficult situation. It’s not always easy to trust them, and I’ve always found that, for some reason, the voice in your head called “logic” will try to hush those instincts. Logic will talk you into playing it safe and may rob you of opportunities. If I had listened to myself saying I lacked experience required to tackle the leadership positions. I would have lost the chance to positively impact myself and others, and I’d be a very different person right now. I’m not suggesting you dismiss your brain altogether. Just consider going with your instincts first, then incorporate logic second. “But what if my instincts are wrong?” Well, they will be sometimes, but you must possess the belief in yourself to allow those instincts to shine through and the confidence to act upon them. Which leads me to point #2… Live confidently: We all know someone that lives life with confidence. Can you picture him or her? In the most trying situations they can be calm, cool and collected. And their presence...
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...executed at one time and how much data can be readily available to a program. Because computers often have too little main memory to hold all the data they need, computer engineers invented a technique called swapping, in which portions of data are copied into main memory as they are needed. Swapping occurs when there is no room in memory for needed data. When one portion of data is copied into memory, an equal-sized portion is copied (swapped) out to make room. INTRODUCTION OF DRAM Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) is a type of random-access memory that stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor within an integrated circuit. The capacitor can be either charged or discharged; these two states are taken to represent the two values of a bit, conventionally called 0 and 1. Since even "nonconducting" transistors always leak a small amount, the capacitors will slowly discharge, and the information eventually fades unless the capacitor charge is refreshed periodically. Because of this refresh requirement, it is a dynamic memory as opposed to SRAM and other static memory. The main memory (the "RAM") in personal computers is dynamic RAM (DRAM). It is the RAM in desktops, laptops and workstation computers as well as some of the RAM of video game consoles. The advantage of DRAM is its structural simplicity: only one transistor and a capacitor are required per bit, compared to four or six...
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...MAT 1348B Discrete Mathematics for Computer Science Winter 2011 Professor: Alex Hoffnung Dept. of Mathematics & Statistics, 585 King Edward (204B) email: hoffnung@uottawa.ca Important: Please include MAT1348 in the subject line of every email you send me. Otherwise your email may be deleted unread. Please do not use Virtual Campus to send me messages as I may not check them regularly. Course Webpages: This web page will contain detailed and up-to-date information on the course, including a detailed course outline and course policies, homework assignments, handouts to download etc. You are responsible for this information. Consult this page regularly. Timetable: Lectures: Mon. 2:30–4:00 pm, Thurs: 4:00–5:30 pm in STE B0138 Office hours: Mon. 4:00–5:00 pm, Thurs: 3:00 - 4:00 pm DGD: Wed. 10–11:30 am. Textbook: K. H. Rosen, Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications, 6th Edition, McGrawHill. We’ll be covering most of Chapters 1, 2, and 9, and parts of Chapters 4, 5, and 8. The course may contain a small of amount of material not covered by the textbook. This text has been used in Discrete Math courses at Ottawa U. for many years, so secondhand copies can easily be found. Copies of the book are at the bookstore or available from Amazon. Coursework Evaluation: The final grade will be calculated as follows: • 5 homework assignments : 10% • Midterm exam: 30% • Final exam: 60% The midterm test is on February 17 . 1 Note that students must pass the final exam...
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...the essentials of Linda Null and Julia Lobur JONES AND BARTLETT COMPUTER SCIENCE the essentials of Linda Null Pennsylvania State University Julia Lobur Pennsylvania State University World Headquarters Jones and Bartlett Publishers 40 Tall Pine Drive Sudbury, MA 01776 978-443-5000 info@jbpub.com www.jbpub.com Jones and Bartlett Publishers Canada 2406 Nikanna Road Mississauga, ON L5C 2W6 CANADA Jones and Bartlett Publishers International Barb House, Barb Mews London W6 7PA UK Copyright © 2003 by Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc. Cover image © David Buffington / Getty Images Illustrations based upon and drawn from art provided by Julia Lobur Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Null, Linda. The essentials of computer organization and architecture / Linda Null, Julia Lobur. p. cm. ISBN 0-7637-0444-X 1. Computer organization. 2. Computer architecture. I. Lobur, Julia. II. Title. QA76.9.C643 N85 2003 004.2’2—dc21 2002040576 All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Chief Executive Officer: Clayton Jones Chief Operating Officer: Don W. Jones, Jr. Executive V.P. and Publisher: Robert W. Holland, Jr. V.P., Design and Production: Anne Spencer V.P., Manufacturing and...
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...INTERVIEW /VIVA QUES VLSI DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY DOWNLOADED FROM: www.freewebs.com\sbalpande\microprocessor c@ S. Balpande. faculty in ET dept ,RCET,Bhilai. DOWNLOADED FROM: www.freewebs.com\sbalpande\microprocessor CMOS interview questions. 1/ What is latch up? Latch-up pertains to a failure mechanism wherein a parasitic thyristor (such as a parasitic silicon controlled rectifier, or SCR) is inadvertently created within a circuit, causing a high amount of current to continuously flow through it once it is accidentally triggered or turned on. Depending on the circuits involved, the amount of current flow produced by this mechanism can be large enough to result in permanent destruction of the device due to electrical overstress (EOS) 2)Why is NAND gate preferred over NOR gate for fabrication? NAND is a better gate for design than NOR because at the transistor level the mobility of electrons is normally three times that of holes compared to NOR and thus the NAND is a faster gate. Additionally, the gate-leakage in NAND structures is much lower. If you consider t_phl and t_plh delays you will find that it is more symmetric in case of NAND ( the delay profile), but for NOR, one delay is much higher than the other(obviously t_plh is higher since the higher resistance p mos's are in series connection which again increases the resistance). 3)What is Noise Margin? Explain the procedure to determine Noise Margin The minimum amount of noise that can be allowed on the input stage...
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...July 8, 2012 By: Larry L Graham Understanding the Problem: Usually programmers write computer programs to provide solutions for others. First, the programmer must understand the problem he/she is trying to solve. All aspects of the problem description must be clarified and completely understood at this stage. Planning the Logic: Once the programmer understands the problem, it is time to plan the logic of the program. During this time of the process, the programmer uses tools to layout the program’s logical steps from beginning to end. The programmer decides the variables needed in the program. Also, the programmer uses planning tools like, Flowcharts, and Pseudocode to show the steps involved in his/her programming solution. Coding the Program: Coding is converting the design into an actual program, written in some form of programming language. This is the step where you actually have to sit down at the computer and type. Coding is a little bit like writing an essay. In most cases you write your program using something like a word processor. And, like essays, there are certain things that you always need to include in your program, like titles, contents pages etc.. When you've finished translating your design into a program you need to submit it to the computer to see what it makes of it. Using Software to Translate the Program into Machine Language: The lowest-level programming language (except for computers that utilize programmable microcode)...
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...1 Design of Logic Circuits 1.1 Basic Revision of Logic Gates In the following chapter, we assume a two input logic gate with inputs A and B. 1.1.1 Simple Gates i. AND Gate The symbol and truth table for an AND gate is shown below: A B A.B 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 Summary: If inputs A AND B are high then the output is high Abbreviations: often a ‘.’ (dot) is used to signify the AND operator when writing Boolean equations. ii. OR Gate (Sometimes referred to as an Inclusive OR) The symbol and truth table for an OR gate is shown below: A B A+B 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 Summary: If inputs A OR B are high (or both) then the output is high Abbreviations: often a ‘+’ is used to signify the OR operator when writing Boolean equations. iii. NOT Gate The symbol and truth table for an NOT gate is shown below: A 0 0 1 A 0 1 2 Summary: Output is NOT what the input is. They are also called 'inverters'. Abbreviations: Many. Sometimes a line above the thing that is being notted, sometimes a dash ‘'’ and sometimes an ‘!’ exclamation mark 1.1.2 Complex Gates i. NAND Gate Made by combining an AND gate and a NOT gate. The equivalent circuit is: The symbol and truth table for an NAND gate is shown below: A A .B 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 A B A+ B 0 0 1 1 ii. B 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 NOR...
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...Joe Bible computer structure and logic motherboards and busses week 4 Tuesday class 10-8-2013 unit 4 The title of the videos I watched were: An overview of motherboard types and also the video motherboard expansion slots and bus speeds. The two videos covered expansion slots the setup of a motherboard as well as bus speeds. The types of typical motherboards are standard atx and micro atx there is also mini itx nano itx and pico itx these last three are smaller to fit in smaller computers. They are mainly the same having similar power as well as similar mounting but have less expansion slots then the atx versions. Atx stands for Advanced technology extended and was standerized by intel in 1995 and can added and removed as needed. Atx boards are powered by a 20 or 24 pin connector. There are over 40 different types of motherboards but these are the most common now days. Expansion gets its on clock one MHz is equal to one million cycles per second one GHz is 1000 MHz. clock speed does not necessarily equal transfer rate. Throughput varies by bus verions 133 MB/s is 32 bit at 33MHz 266 MB/s is 32 bit at 66MHz or 64 bit at 33MHz and 533 MB/s is 64 bit at 66 MHz. These videos taught me a lot as I did not know any of this info. The videos taught me that although the cpu does most of the processing the motherboard handls thing such as memory espansion slots for grap hics video and so forth. What I have found confusing is why do they...
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...:0This is the very popular 2.4GHz XBee module from Digi. These modules take the 802.15.4 stack (the basis for Zigbee) and wrap it into a simple to use serial command set. These modules allow a very reliable and simple communication between microcontrollers, computers, systems, really anything with a serial port! Point to point and multi-point networks are supported. 3.3V @ 50mA 250kbps Max data rate 1mW output (+0dBm) 300ft (100m) range Wire antenna Fully FCC certified 6 10-bit ADC input pins 8 digital IO pins 128-bit encryption Local or over-air configuration AT or API command set Useful Links :http://ftp1.digi.com/support/documentation/90002159_A.pdf https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Wireless/Zigbee/XBee-Datasheet.pdf Lilypad Xbee break out board :- The LilyPad XBee is a breakout board for the popular XBee modules that can be sewn into your e-textile projects to provide them with a little “connectivity.” This board includes easy-to-sew tabs and all the necessary power regulation to run on the LilyPad system. Once sewn into your project just attach your favorite XBee to the pre-soldered headers and you are good to go! LilyPad is a wearable e-textile technology developed by Leah Buechley and cooperatively designed by Leah and SparkFun. Each LilyPad was creatively designed to have large connecting pads to allow them to be sewn into clothing. Various input, output, power, and sensor boards are available....
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...com/Images+Moores+L aw+turns+40/2009-1041_3-56490195.html November 2, 2005 6.823 L15- 2 Emer • 4-bit accumulator architecture • 8µm pMOS • 2,300 transistors • 3 x 4 mm2 • 750kHz clock • 8-16 cycles/inst. 6.823 L15- 3 Emer Microprocessors in the Seventies Initial target was embedded control • First micro, 4-bit 4004 from Intel, designed for a desktop printing calculator Constrained by what could fit on single chip • Single accumulator architectures 8-bit micros used in hobbyist personal computers • Micral, Altair, TRS-80, Apple-II Little impact on conventional computer market until VISICALC spreadsheet for Apple-II (6502, 1MHz) • First “killer” business application for personal computers November 2, 2005 6.823 L15- 4 Emer DRAM in the Seventies Dramatic progress in MOSFET memory technology 1970, Intel introduces first DRAM (1Kbit 1103) 1979, Fujitsu introduces 64Kbit DRAM => By mid-Seventies, obvious that PCs would soon have > 64KBytes physical memory November 2, 2005 Microprocessor Evolution 6.823 L15- 5 Emer Rapid progress in size and speed through 70s – Fueled by advances in MOSFET technology and expanding markets Intel i432 – – – – Most ambitious seventies’ micro; started in 1975 - released 1981 32-bit capability-based object-oriented architecture Instructions variable number of bits long Severe performance, complexity, and usability problems Motorola 68000 (1979, 8MHz, 68,000...
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...number of the book's printing. For example, a printing code of 92-23 shows that the twenty-third printing of the book occurred in 1992. Printed in the United States of America. Preface I don't like to revise books. Correct, yes. Revise, no. So I won't. A book becomes history the instant it appears in print. To tamper with history messes with what others and I were thinking at the time and distorts the way things were, forcing new contexts. With the TTL Cookbook, it is now January 1982, and this book is eight years old. It is also one of the best selling technical paperback classics of all time. And looking around, both nothing has changed and everything has changed. ITL is still the largest and most popular general purpose logic family, although it now shares the spotlight with an only somewhat...
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