...Session 1.3: The Evolution of Cellular Life Exam review view in a separate window In this session we focus on the natural history of cells and the evolutionary timelines of their appearance. The modern phylogenetic classification of domains is used to categorize the different types of cells: bacteria, archea, and eukarya. The names of periods and organisms and certain dates are often helpful in remembering or understanding events that occur in the natural history of evolution. However, we do not expect you to know the names of all organisms mentioned nor all dates (you may find some of the sound attachments on complicated figures useful for review). Those names and dates mentioned below are the ones to key on. The focus in this session is macroevolution which looks broadly at the time lines and changes over long intervals of time. Remember that small changes over millions of years are the framework for evolving complexity from simplicity. Summary of concepts and idea An initial step in covering this material is an understanding of the different types of cells (prokaryotic, eukaryotic animal and plant), their differences, and their place in the phylogeny of life. 1. Information from pre-class reading, Bioflix animations and briefly summarized in class discusses the fundamental components of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. You need to know the differences and understand the basic functions of the cellular components as cells as they are the fundamental...
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...percent of young adults send text messages every day (Knight 1). Texting became popular when these young adults were teenagers, in 2000. It is also the best way to communicate with today’s teenagers, with 63 percent of teens sending messages every day (Ngak 1). While this form of communication may be relatively new, it is here to stay. The question is, what is the affect of texting on teens? Although people may believe that texting is detrimental to teenagers’ literacy rates in terms of spelling abilities due to the use of “textisms” or texting abbreviations, it actually has a positive effect. Texting is beneficial to teenagers because it affects teen literacy in a constructive way, by improving spelling and reading skills and giving teachers a tool to use in the classroom, while also evolving the English language. The first text message was sent in 1992. The next year, in 1993, Nokia created the first phone with texting capabilities. It only worked if the recipient of the text had the same cellular plan as the sender. Finally, in 1999, texting people on other networks was finally allowed and it began to take off. The standard texting plan at the time was 35 texts per month. 2002 was when texting really took off, with 250 billion texts sent that year. Text messaging became more common than calling, making texting the number one form of communication in 2007. Texting became so big, that in 2008, Presidential candidate Barack Obama sent a mass text message to his supporters to...
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...must has been designed. The eye is a system that cannot function in the absence of any of its components. Even Charles Darwin remarked in the origin of species that ‘it might seem absurd to think the eye formed by natural selection’. (Fernald. R.) He did however firmly believe that the eye did evolve in this way, despite the only the small amount of evidence at that time. This evidence is hard to come by since soft-tissue structures like the eye rarely ever fossilize. However the scientific community has made recent advancements in tracking the origin of the eye by studying the formation of eyes in developing embryos and comparing these different structures and genes across many species to construct when and where key traits arose. The study indicates that ‘the human eye took shape in less than 100 million years, evolving from a simple light senor to sophisticated optical organ.’ (Lamb. T) Humans have an unbroken linage going back for 4 billion years. Almost a billion years ago simple multicellular organisms split into 2 groups, a radially symmetrical body and a bilaterally symmetrical, the bilateral then split further into two critical groups, one that gave rise to today’s invertebrates and another group whose decedents included our own vertebrate linage. (Lamb. T) This evolutionary split laid the support and ground work for the emergence of the human...
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...Wilson, Emily McPeake ENG 1A September 21, 2013 How Is Evolution Killing the English Language? Texting has become one of the most common forms of communication in modern times, especially with the younger generations. As the times and definitions of “modern” continues to change, many people are having troubles coping with this concept and the fact we are and will always continue to evolve. Just as growing up is the human body’s way of changing, language is societies way of changing. There is no set definition of what the English language is supposed to be composed of, forever. The English language is not negatively impacted by texting; it is simply evolving through new forms of communication, entertainment, and learning. Our way of communicating with each other has been transformed with the help or “txtspeak.” It is a very common way of talking, whether it’s in person or through SMS. If we compare what we considered to be the language of English from a few hundred years ago to now, there is an obvious change. As we evolve as a society, everything around us does as well. Abbreviations are being entered into the dictionary and many people are going crazy over it. One of the most common complaints about our overuse of abbreviations is the multiple meaning of them. Humphrys claims that, “as it has developed, its users have sought out increasingly obscure ways of expressing themselves.”(Humphrys, 187) Even though this seems to be true, the trick to figuring out the meaning...
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...AP Biology Reading Guide Chapter 1: Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw Name_______________________Period___________ Chapter 1: Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life Begin your study of biology this year by reading Chapter 1. It will serve as a reminder about biological concepts that you may have learned in an earlier course and give you an overview of what you will study this year. 1. In the overview, Figure 1.3 recalls many of the properties of life. Label the seven properties illustrated here, and give a different example of each. Concept 1.1 Themes connect the concepts of biology 2. What are emergent properties? Give two examples. 3. Life is organized on many scales.Figure 1.4 zooms you in from viewing Earth from space all the way to the level of molecules. As you study this figure, write in a brief definition of each level. biosphere ecosystem Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. - 1 - AP Biology Reading Guide Chapter 1: Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw community population organism organs/organ systems tissues cells organelles molecules 4. Our study of biology will be organized around recurring themes. Make a list here of the themes...
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...Literature Citation When writing a research paper, literature citation is important for the following two reasons: (1) to avoid plagiarism (which is against the student code of conduct and is grounds for failing the course) and (2) to assign proper authority to a statement (this adds weight to your paper). You may use any style of literature citation as long as the proper authorities are cited in the text and full references are provided at the end of your paper. Here is an example of a style that is common in the biological literature. In-Text Citations Whether you are directly quoting or paraphrasing, your reference is cited in the text, before the end of the statement. The in-text citation consists of the author(s) last name(s) and the year of publication. For example, Drosophila magnaquinaria, fruit flies that are only found on skunk cabbage, prefer other hosts for feeding, egg-laying, and larval development than they do skunk cabbage (Courtney and Kibota, 1990). If there are more than two authors, then you may list the first author’s name followed by et al. For example, Mutational studies of Daphnia, Drosophila, Caenorhabditis, and Escherichia all provide estimates for the genomic deleterious mutation rate (Lynch et al., 1999). If you don’t know the name of the author (if the information comes from a website, for example), then you may list the website title or URL in place of the author’s name). Example Literature Cited Section The Literature Cited Section provides complete references...
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...Sampson D ENG 100 17 OCTOBER 2015 The Dangers of Text Messaging Vastly Overstated Most arguments state that text messaging is evil and will destroy language over time because most people use abbreviated words when texting. David Crystal, a professor at the University of Wales in his article “2b or Not 2b” argued that the dangers of text messaging has been vastly exaggerated. He also believed that text messaging should be seen as something good, a new dimension to language instead of viewing it as detrimental to language. These are some of the arguments he made in favor of text messaging, how the dangers of this phenomenon has been enormously exaggerated and how he organized and supported his arguments, that effects of text messaging on language is insignificant. The dangers of text messaging has been vastly overstated according to Crystal. Some people believe that text messaging is something that will cause language to decline due to abbreviated forms in it. John Humphrys argued that texters are “vandals who are doing to our language what Genghis Khan did to his neighbors 800 years ago” (qtd. in Crystal 335). To Humphrys, “texting is destroying our language: pillaging our punctuation; savaging our sentences; raping our vocabulary and must be stopped” (qtd. in Crystal 335). Also, John Sutherland of University College London wrote in his paper in 2002 that text messaging is “bleak, bald, sad shorthand. It also masks dyslexia, poor spelling and mental laziness. To Sutherland...
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...justification for your answer. After completing the matrix, write a 300- to 500-word summary of the significant similarities and differences among the different religious groups. SCHOOL ISSUES Prayer in School Creationism v. Evolution Studying Women’s Rights in the Middle East Saying the Pledge of Allegiance Starting a Gay and Lesbian Support Group Inter-Racial Dating COMMUNITY RELIGIOUS GROUPS Pro/Con Justify your answer Pro/Con Justify your answer Pro/Con Justify your answer Pro/Con Justify your answer Pro/Con Justify your answer Pro/Con Justify your answer Atheist Con According to the BBC website, many atheists are "hostile" to any special treatment given to organized religion; they may find prayer in school to be offensive, as atheists tend to believe that a God is not a necessary belief. Pro Evolution Atheists would be pro-evolution, as evolution tends to use scientific evidence to justify its assumptions. According to the BBC website, "Atheists say that far from God being a good explanation for the world, it's God that now requires explaining." They would most likely be uncomfortable with creationism, as it is based in Christian values. Pro Atheists tend to stress the equality of male and female, and therefore would likely support the study of women's rights in the middle east. In fact, according to the BBC website,...
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...millennial generation Text messaging has had a positive impact on our English language and has improved spelling and grammar for the millennial generation. This culture has appointed them inheritors of their own language (Delgado, 2014) and has prompted leaders to align themselves with the organization's vision (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2013/2014) as some educators believe that texting should be incorporated in classroom instruction. Today's college students are a part of the millennials which are also known as "the texting generation" who were born between 1982 and 2002 (NIU, 2015). They are considered the most diverse and their uniqueness and defining characteristics have been shaped by technology (Gladfelter and Friedman, 2014). Communication has become more electronic in form and experts say that children write more in this generation than they did 20 years ago because of texting and social media and most of that writing is text-speak, which is a SMS language commonly known in mobile text messaging (Merrit, 2013). A study found that texting may improve children's spelling and grammar because of using abbreviation such as 'gr8' in short for 'great', makes students think about language phonetically (Carter, 2014). According to author Judith Burns, believed that from a study shows that the most creative texters were among the best spellers (Burns, 2014). Research done with the Journal of Computer Assisted Learning discovered that the association between spelling and text messaging may be...
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...Forms The theory of evolution from paper to the internet The theory of evolution must ‘evolve’ with the transforming media forms around it to maintain its scientific and social relevance. In other words, it must shift from the conventional media forms such as journals, books and publications and move towards the ways of the internet. Even collective groups of scientists and evolutionists can be shifted from physical to online gatherings via the ways of the internet and its related technologies. The majority of internet users throughout the world see the net as simply an enormous link-up of the world’s computers, after all, this is the ‘universal answer’ people tend to give when asked “what is the internet?”. Although this common answer is a pretty accurate image, it would be more correct to describe the internet as a “global network of hardware and software which stores and transports information from a content provider to an end user” . This infrastructure allows any person who wishes to say anything, access to say it to the world. Controversial topics are abundant on the World Wide Web, and this media form enables these topics to be discussed, investigated, or challenged. Evolution is defined as being: “A gradual process in which something changes into a different and usually more complex or better form”. Arguments for evolution include The Fossil Record, Darwin’s theory of Natural Selection, and Biological Evidence. Arguments against evolution include The Second Law...
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...|[pic] |Course Syllabus | | |College of Humanities | | |ARTS/125 Version 2 | | |Pop Culture and the Arts | Copyright © 2010, 2007 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course explores the interactions between the arts, advertising, media, and lifestyle and cultural trends in contemporary American society. Familiarity will be gained with the various art forms and their relationship to mass media, personal and professional life, and in particular to how they contribute to the current conception of fine art and popular culture. Students are asked to examine current trends and cultural changes, assessing both the role the arts have played in creating them and the influence these cultural trends have on art itself. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view...
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...Shubham Surani Professor Senft Writing II 2/7/13 Database Research Step 3 1) Drew P. Cingel and S. Shyam Sundar Texting, techspeak, and tweens: The relationship between text messaging and English grammar skills New Media & Society December 2012 14: 1304-1320, first published on May 11, 2012 doi:10.1177/1461444812442927 * This article was found in the Sage database under New Media and Society. The authors are Drew P. Cingel and S. Shyam Sundar. The article was published in December 2012 * The paper states the new generations methods of learning are changing towards technological ways such as communication technologies. * What fascinated me was why the new generation cannot use proper grammar when texting or chatting. Is there a way that the educational system could adapt to the new generation’s method of learning or even differentiate between when to use bad grammar and correct grammar. * The author uses quantitative research by preforming an experiment suing 228 students. Also, the research is qualitative because the research is than analyzed to assume a new method of learning. * The author is examining 228 sixth, seventh, and eighth graders. * The author asks, “Does the increased use of text messaging engender greater reliance on such textual adaptations to the point of altering one’s sense written grammar? * Why should teaching and learning methods evolve at the same pace as technology? 2) Kristin A. Searle and Yasmin...
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...|[pic] |SYLLABUS | | |College of Humanities | | |ARTS/125 Version 2 | | |Pop Culture and the Arts | Copyright © 2010, 2007 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course explores the interactions between the arts, advertising, media, and lifestyle and cultural trends in contemporary American society. Familiarity will be gained with the various art forms and their relationship to mass media, personal and professional life, and in particular to how they contribute to the current conception of fine art and popular culture. Students are asked to examine current trends and cultural changes, assessing both the role the arts have played in creating them and the influence these cultural trends have on art itself. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view...
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...Future Consider issues that are current in our own society today. Where will the application of an anthropological perspective be most effective? Consider and describe how the study of anthropology and its unique perspectives on human cultural behavior will most benefit you in your life and future career. Please use concepts and terminology from the text. Your initial response should be 150-200 words in length. Please support your claims with examples from the text, recommended material, and/or scholarly articles. Considering society as it is today, I’d say that the place of anthropology is to provide clues about how we are developing into the societies of the future, while at the same time. providing a critical historical background supported on research from the anthropology of the past so as to have a more comprehensive understanding of how our societal evolution is taking place. The anthropologist has the important role of letting the society of today know how it was before their time, so they can see their place in history and experience their lives as the consequence of the unfolding of those historical tendencies. By doing this analysis guided by the knowledge of the anthropologist, the regular citizen will be able to see what is to come in the future and how he or she may affect that evolution now that the clues from the past will explain the consequences of our decisions (or the decisions of today’s politicians, for example). The anthropologist, in this sense, comes...
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...GENERAL AND THEORETICAL 363 map, tables, chapter references, suggested reading. $2.00 (paper). Reviewed by L. L. LANGNESS University o f California This volume grew out of a series of Staff Seminars on Social Change and Human Behavior held at the National Institute of Mental Health during 1970. The ten papers that comprise the collection are almost uniformally both interesting and worthwhile, but they do not, together, make up a particularly coherent or useful book. Papers by Jerome S. Bruner (“The Uses of Immaturity”) and Sherwood L. Washburn (“Aggressive Behavior and Human Evolution”) have the evolution of behavior as their major theme. Alan Lomax contributed a paper on cultural evolution (“The Evolution of Culture and Expressive Style: A Comparative Approach to Social Change”). Robert J. Lifton’s effort (“Psychological Man in Revolution: The Struggle for Communal Resymbolization”) deals with the “breakdown of certain communal symbols that have sustained human societies up t o now” and the dangers inherent in a mental health model that depends upon the assumption of social stability. In his essay (“Cognitive Control of Perceptual Processes”), Herbert A. Simon deals with recent research on “the magical number seven” which takes him into memory, mental imagery, information-processing, cognition, and emotion. W. Cody Wilson (“The American Experience with Pornography”) describes the problems encountered by the U.S. Commission on Obscenity and Pornography as an example in changing...
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