...2/24/2015 Carolina Guerraz John Cabot University E-commerce Industry Analysis Contents Introduction 2 Industry Background 2 PEST Analysis 4 Political 4 Economic 5 Social 6 Technological 7 Michael Porter’s Five Forces Analysis 7 Threat of New Entrants 7 The Power of Suppliers 8 The Power of Buyers 8 Threat of Substitutes 9 Rivalry 9 Conclusion 9 Bibliography 11 Introduction The objective of this paper is to analyze e-commerce industry in Italy and to determine its attractiveness by applying PEST analysis and Michael Porter’s Five-Force Analysis. E-commerce is defined as the sale of products and services through computer networks. As the world changes and technology advances, firms must adapt to new trends so that new competitive advantages can become part of the industry. In e-commerce industries, information and communication technologies (ICT) and merchandise are the suppliers, online retailers are the players, and end-consumers are the buyers. After having described the e-commerce industry background and its trends, both on a global perspective and specifically in Italy, an environmental analysis will be described as a way to determine the industry attractiveness. Industry Background The e-commerce industry is one of the fastest growing industries throughout the world even though differences exist in the stage of development from country to country. According to Euromonitor, global online retail sales have increased 17% from 2007 to 2012. In addition...
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... learning from competitors, users, and alliance partners. In this paper we focus attention on another locus of learning that has received less attention from academics despite popular interest: learning by supplying. Using a detailed panel dataset on supply relationships in the mobile telecommunications industry, we address the following questions: What factors contribute to a firm’s ability to learn by supplying and build technological and market capabilities? Does it matter to whom the firm supplies? Is involvement in product design important, or is manufacturing the key locus of learning? How does a supplier’s initial resource endowment play into the dynamic? Our empirical analysis yields interesting findings that have implications for theory and practice, and that suggest new directions for future research. 1 Learning by Supplying How do firms build capabilities and resources to generate and sustain competitive advantage? This question lies at the very heart of strategic management and has long preoccupied scholars and practitioners alike. While no simple prescriptions have emerged from the decades of study on the topic, scholars have identified some key industry dynamics...
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...The Future of Relationship Marketing Introduction Marketing theory and related approaches had been founded since 1950s that have been playing a major role in academic and business administration perspectives for nearly half of a century. As market grows and environment changes by, new theories and approaches have been innovated by antecedent scholars and practitioners in addition to traditional transaction marketing. Relationship marketing is a relatively new theory that emerged since 1990s. Egan (2008) addresses that service marketing and industrial marketing are the two crucial theories contributing to relationship marketing. Gronroos (1994) indicates the paradigm shift is taking place from marketing mix to relationship marketing. Like other perspectives in the business world, evolution of the theories and approaches may eventually bring actual changes to the implementing level. For instance, in recent decades, conversion happened in most of the organizations that personnel department turned into a human resource department and computer department turned into an information technology department. As marketers recognized the importance of developing buyer-seller relationships (Dwyer et al, 1987), relationship marketing may play more important role in the future and widely spread over to all kinds of businesses. Nevertheless, this is not a comfortable highway since people do have limited knowledge and individual manner in applying the relationship marketing without...
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...interdependence in the hierarchy of routines, that constitute organizational capabilities, has led companies to broaden the scope of supplier development. Third, this broadening challenges suppliers to accept buyer companies’ intervention in internal investment decisions, requiring a certain type of corporate governance. It is argued that the boundary of a capability-based organization may go beyond legally distinct units of financial control when firms are subjected to a cumulative process of capability enhancement. 2 Supplier Development at Honda, Nissan and Toyota: Comparative Case Studies of Organizational Capability Enhancement Supplier development –- a company’s undertaking to improve its supplier’s capabilities – has been taken for granted in the Japanese automotive industry for several decades, and has received attention in the US only recently (Handfield et al 2000)....
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...International Marketing and Purchasing of Industrial Goods An Interaction Approach B y IMP P roject Group Editor: Håkan Håkansson, U niversity of Uppsala J OHN WILEY & S ONS Chichester • New York • Brisbane • Toronto • Singapore Copyright © 1982, by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced by any means nor transmitted, nor translated into a machine language without the written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Håkansson, Håkan, 1947 International marketing and purchasing of industrial goods. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Marketing – Europe. 2. Industrial procurement – Europe. I. Title. HF5415.12.E8H34 658.8'0094 81-13070 ISBN 0 471 27987 0 AACR2 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data: International marketing and purchasing of industrial goods. 1. Marketing – Europe 2. Purchasing I. Håkansson, Håkan 658.8' 394 HF5415.1 ISBN 0 471 27987 0 Typeset by Pintail Studios Ltd., Ringwood, Hampshire Printed in the United States of America Contents Preface ....................................................................................... ix 1. Introduction A CHALLENGE ......................................................................................... 1 MARKETS FOR INDUSTRIAL GOODS ...................................................... 1 BENEFITS OF STABILITY AND OBSTACLES TO CHANGE IN INDUSTRIAL MARKETS ........................
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...int. j. prod. res., 2004, vol. 42, no. 1, 131–163 Understanding supply chain management: critical research and a theoretical framework I. J. CHENy* and A. PAULRAJy Increasing global cooperation, vertical disintegration and a focus on core activities have led to the notion that firms are links in a networked supply chain. This strategic viewpoint has created the challenge of coordinating effectively the entire supply chain, from upstream to downstream activities. While supply chains have existed ever since businesses have been organized to bring products and services to customers, the notion of their competitive advantage, and consequently supply chain management (SCM), is a relatively recent thinking in management literature. Although research interests in and the importance of SCM are growing, scholarly materials remain scattered and disjointed, and no research has been directed towards a systematic identification of the core initiatives and constructs involved in SCM. Thus, the purpose of this study is to develop a research framework that improves understanding of SCM and stimulates and facilitates researchers to undertake both theoretical and empirical investigation on the critical constructs of SCM, and the exploration of their impacts on supply chain performance. To this end, we analyse over 400 articles and synthesize the large, fragmented body of work dispersed across many disciplines such as purchasing and supply, logistics and transportation, marketing, organizational...
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...Submitted date: August 30, 2010 Accepted date: October 09, 2010 Published date: December 10, 2010 Strategic Innovation Management in Global Industry Networks: The TFT LCD Industry Guenter Boehm and 2 L.J. Fredericks Strategic Marketing, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Yongin-449-711, South Korea 2 The Center of Poverty and Development Studies, Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of M alaya, Kuala Lumpur-5060 3, M alaysia 1 1 Abs tract: This study examines the strategic innovation management of the business creation process across the technology industry value chain in the global thin-film-transistor (TFT) liquid-crystal-display (LCD) industry based on an anonymous online survey of employees in the industry value chain and outside exp erts (universities, consultants, etc.). The study confirms that technology strategy formulation and a strategic center position are key industry concerns. It also affirms the utility of the industry value chain framework to manage technological innovations transcending that of a single company, and that strategic innov ation m anag eme nt in global high technology industries incorporates a shared business creation process structure involving as many industry value chain partners as possible. Key words: Global high technology industry networks, strategic innovation manageme nt, TFT L CD industry INTRODUCTION Globalization, de-regulation an d inno vative communication technologies have radically transformed the nature of opportunities...
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...it is following closely the precedents set by professions such as medicine, architecture and engineering, all of which have also been practised for thousands of years and have built up a wealth of descriptive information concerning the art which has both chronicled and advanced its evolution. At some juncture, however, continued progress demands a transition from description to analysis, such as that initiated by Harvey’s discovery of the circulation of the blood. If marketing is to develop it, too, must make the transition from art to applied science and develop sound theoretical foundations, mastery of which should become an essential qualification for practice. Adoption of this proposition is as threatening to many of today’s marketers as the establishment of the British Medical Association was to the surgeon–barber. But, today, you would not dream of going to a barber for medical advice. Of course, first aid will still be practised, books on healthy living will feature on the bestsellers list and harmless potions will be bought over the counter in drug stores and pharmacies. This is an amateur activity akin to much of what passes for marketing in British industry. While there was no threat of the cancer of competition it might have sufficed, but once the Japanese, Germans and now the emerging economies invade your markets you are going to need much stronger medicine if you are to...
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...Topic: Apply the Porter's five forces model on Automobile Industry and analyse the attractiveness of the Industry for Investment purpose Evolution of Porter's Five Forces Model Five forces is a framework for the industry analysis and business strategy development developed by Michael E. Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979. Michael Porter is a professor at Harvard Business School andis a leading authority on competitive strategy and international competitiveness.Michael Porter was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Five forces uses concepts developing, Industrial Organization (IO) economics to derive five forces that determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. Attractiveness in this context refers to the industry profitability. An "unattractive" industry is one where the combination of forces acts to drive down overall profitability. A very unattractive industry would be one approaching "pure competition". Introduction Five Forces Model by Michael Porter Five Forces model of Michael Porter is a very elaborate concept for evaluating company's competitive position. Michael Porter provided a framework that models an industry and therefore implicitly alsobusinesses asbeing influenced by five forces.Michael Porter's Five Forces model is often used in strategic planning. Porter's competitive fiveforces model is probably one of the mostcommonly used business strategy tools and has proven its usefulness in numerous situations when exploring...
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...fgf Course information for Supply Chain Management (A logistics Approach) Course Facilitator Muhammad Tariq Yousafzai Assistant Professor MBA Imsciences (Distinction Holder) MS Innovation and Business Creation Course syllabus Course literature Langley, Coyle, Gibson, Novack, Bardi (2009), Managing Supply Chains – a logistics approach, 8th edition, South-Western Aims The aim of the course is to achieve an understanding and knowledge about the supply chain and logistics, its Participants, functions and flows and how these are interrelated and interacting. It introduces the students to analyze logistic flows for different products and services within and between firms in the supply chain. Further, students will get an insight of how changes in one part of the chain will influence the whole supply chain and its development. Students will also learn about the role and importance of recycling and reverse logistics. Contents Starting from customer demands the course analyzes the flows through the firm, from procurement and inbound flows, manufacturing and distribution and how these flows in turn are linked to those of suppliers, wholesalers, distributors, retailers and other partners. This will include warehousing and inventory management, the role of transportation, operation management, reverse logistics and recycling logistics system and service logistics. Based on the...
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...2 The Individual and Organizational Purchase Abstract Downstream of the sector, passengers buy air tickets for private or business use. Upstream, companies buy planes, equipment and services. Further upstream, plane or satellite manufacturers-integrators also buy components from their suppliers. Understanding the needs and the processes of upstream or downstream buying is the basis of marketing. This means analyzing the individual psychological, sociocultural and psychosocial factors which enter into the buying decision. The purchase context influences the buyer’s behavior. An analysis of buying behavior is also essential in Business to Business, where the purchase is not made for an individual but for a company, involving a variable number of people. To be more commercially efficient, the supplier must take into account the special nature of the industrial purchase, in particular the specific nature of the buying center, the buying process and buying situations. First we will look at the individual purchase and then the Business to Business purchase. 2.1 The Individual Purchase 2.1.1 Factors Influencing Buying Behavior Most models present factors influencing buying behavior in a hierarchical and simplified way. In fact, this classification in terms of importance of the factors depends for the most part on the context.1 For example in Muslim countries the power of religion is very important and almost certainly dominates other factors such as...
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...48824-1122, USA b North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA c University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA Abstract In many industries, firms are striving to integrate material suppliers earlier into the new product/process development process. This involvement may range from simple consultation with suppliers on design ideas to making suppliers fully responsible for the design of components or systems they will supply. In this paper, we develop and test a conceptual model of the effect of elements of the supplier integration process on cost, quality, and new product development time, under conditions of technology uncertainty. Technology uncertainty is operationalized here, as the degree to which the product or process technologies employed in the project are new, complex, and/or rapidly changing. The results suggest that technology uncertainty have a negative impact on cost results, but no direct effect on quality or cycle time. The results also show that certain elements of the supplier integration process are more likely to be employed under conditions of technology uncertainty, leading to significant improvements in cost, quality, and cycle time objectives. D 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Product development; Suppliers; Collaboration; Purchasing; Technology; Structural equation modeling 1. Introduction Firms in many industries face increasing global competition and markets that demand more frequent innovation and higher quality. These firms are...
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...Industrial and Corporate Change, Volume 19, Number 1, pp. 81–116 doi:10.1093/icc/dtp032 Advance Access published June 22, 2009 Who profits from innovation in global value chains?: a study of the iPod and notebook PCs Jason Dedrick, Kenneth L. Kraemer and Greg Linden This article analyzes the distribution of financial value from innovation in the global supply chains of iPods and notebook computers. We find that Apple has captured a great deal of value from the innovation embodied in the iPod, while notebook makers capture a more modest share of the value from PC innovation. In order to understand these differences, we employ concepts from theories of innovation and industrial organization, finding significant roles for industry evolution, complementary assets, appropriability, system integration, and bargaining power. Downloaded from icc.oxfordjournals.org at University of Dhaka on June 19, 2011 1. Introduction The power of innovation to reward pioneers with exceptional profits is well known. Yet, as recognized in various strains of the business strategy literature, the value generated from the innovation is generally shared by the innovator with some combination of component suppliers, intellectual property owners, providers of complementary products and services, competitors, and consumers. This is all the more true as firms focus on a set of core activities and rely on a network of allies and suppliers to help them create and produce innovative products. In such...
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...has undertaken a thorough search of articles on selected journals relevant to supply chain operations management. Meanwhile, citation/co-citation analysis uses Web of Sciences database to disclose SCRM development between 1995 and 2009. Both the approaches show similar trends of rising publications over the past 15 years. This review has piloted us to identify and classify the potential risk associated with different flows, namely material, cash and information flows. Consequently, we identify some research gaps. Even though there is a pressing need and awareness of SCRM from industrial aspect, quantitative models in the field are relatively lacking and information flow risk has received less attention. It is also interesting to observe the evolutions and advancements of SCRM discipline. One finding is that the intellectual structure of the field made statistically significant increase during...
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...A typical research pattern might consist of five stages: * targeting study – to identify companies within a sector, to quantify sectors and to highlight new or adjacent sectors for further investigation; * issue identification and formulation of offer – structured interviews covering size and scope of potential customer activity, existing products/services, current purchase criteria and trends combined with database and financial analysis leading to a formulated offer; * opportunity quantification – having formulated a product or service offer, further structured interviews, questionnaires or web-polling to establish probabilities of spend, movement to new product, service or supplier, information channels and timing; * product/service launch programme – planning and developing a launch or expansion building on the contacts made, developing new targets and adjusting the percentage spent in marketing areas; * segmentation and refinement – ongoing work to analyse the returns, setting sales and commission targets, developing target ‘take’ and return figures Step 1 - Read websites and blogs about the market Before doing business in any new market, read websites and blogs about that particular market. Fortunately, there are websites and blogs written about almost every market in the world, describing its history, culture, business customs, key players and local business politics. Step 2 - Talk to people who already know the market and its culture Don't reinvent...
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