...parties. Alternative dispute resolution emphasizes mutual problem solving and broadens options for resolving conflicts in hopes of minimizing hostility (McDowell & Sussman, 2004). If ADR is not utilized, the other option is litigation. While litigation is an option, it is typically used as a last resort due to the fact that it is much more expensive and time consuming. Opperman’s (2000) study found the following: ADR effectiveness in twenty-nine medical malpractice claims against the government handled by Assistant U.S. Attorneys revealed that seventeen cases were settled in mediation, and in another ten cases the issues were narrowed by mediation. The attorneys surveyed estimated that they saved an average of 100 hours of attorney time and six and one-half months of litigation time in each case, not to mention a per case average savings of $12,000 in litigation costs. I will review AT&T Mobility...
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...of sales of another related item. Some kinds of tying, especially by contract, have historically been regarded as anti-competitive practices. The basic idea is that consumers are harmed by being forced to buy an undesired good (the tied good) in order to purchase a good they actually want (the tying good), and so would prefer that the goods be sold separately. The company doing this bundling may have a significantly large market share so that it may impose the tie on consumers, despite the forces of market competition. The tie may also harm other companies in the market for the tied good, or who sell only single components. One effect of tying can be that low quality products achieve a higher market share than would otherwise be the case. Tying may also be a form of price discrimination: people who use more razor blades, for example, pay more than those who just need a one-time shave. Though this may improve overall welfare, by giving more consumers access to the market, such price discrimination can also transfer consumer surpluses to the producer. Tying may also be used with or in place of patents or copyrights to help protect entry into a market, discouraging innovation. Tying is often used when the supplier makes one product that is critical to many customers. By threatening to withhold that key...
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