...marketed under brand name round up (Monsanto, 2014). It was founded in 1901by John F. Queeny with his wife Olga Monsanto Queeny. The first produce that was manufactured by this company was saccharin (the artificial sweetener) that was sold to Coca-Cola Company. By 1905, Monsanto benefitted ad progressed through the sale of vanillin and caffeine. During the time of World war 2 Monsanto was unable to import chemicals that were needed by them from Europe so in order to compensate that it started producing chemicals on its own. Monsanto went public in Stock exchange in 1929. During this era of 1920’s Monsanto expanded in chemical industries producing sulphuric acid and PCB’s. Monsanto’s first PCB manufacturing plant was situated in Illinois. With studies on PCB’s it was found that they are the deadliest carcinogens known to humans, which are linked to disorders relating to immune system, birth defects, cancer and deaths and after that they were banned in 1970’s. In 1935, Monsanto indulged in the manufacturing of detergents and soap products and expanded to plastic by 1938 (Anonymous, 2014)....
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...“Flavr Savr,” produced in California. The purpose of altering the tomato was for it to be resistant to rotting and decaying as quickly as tomatoes usually do. They were not labeled as being genetically modified and they were between two and five time more expensive than ordinary tomatoes, but consumers still purchased them. However, due to competition, brought on by a tomato made conventionally and with a longer shelf life, the Flavr Savr tomatoes were not profitable. Genetically modified tomatoes were then made into a tomato puree and sold in Europe in the mid-1990s, but a couple years later controversy arose over the concept of genetically modifying food. In 1998, a doctor from Aberdeen, in Scotland, published results from a research study he conducted suggesting that genetically modified potatoes, injected with an insecticide gene from the snowdrop plant, were toxic to rats. A year later it was announced that beginning in 1999, there were to be trials of genetically modified crops engineered to be resistant to herbicides. The purpose of the trials was to uncover the effects of these crops on farmland wildlife. However, this was criticized to be potentially...
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...Luis Marte Biology and technology in the real world BIOL 103 Introduction to Biology Genetically modified organisms February 7, 2016 Genetic engineering generally refers to the use of tools of modern biotechnology and molecular biology to specifically introduce or alter characteristics or traits in organisms. Scientists can use these tools to introduce new genetic material, or delete existing genetic material to introduce intended new or altered traits or characteristics. Many kinds of GE animals are in development. At this time, the largest class of GE animals is being developed for biopharm purposes—that is, they are intended to produce substances (for example, in their milk) that can be used as human or animal pharmaceuticals. Another group of GE animals are under development for use as sources of scarce cells, tissues, or organs for transplantation into humans (xenotransplant sources). Yet others are intended for use as food and may be disease resistant, or have improved nutritional or growth characteristics. And others include animals that produce high value industrial or consumer products, such as highly specific antimicrobials against human and animal pathogens (e.g., E. coli 0157 or Salmonella). Genetically modified organism (GMO), genetically modified organism: genetically modified barley [Credit: Ralph Orlowski/Getty Images] organism whose genome has been engineered in the laboratory in order to favour the expression of desired physiological traits or the...
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...Dialysis case study A 66-year-old black male was seen by his primary provider for complaints of fatigue, anorexia, swelling of hands, face, and ankles, muscles cramps, and increased difficulty breathing. He has a 3-year history of poorly controlled hypertension related to non-adherence to the medical regimen. His B/P routinely runs in the range 155-165/92-102. His B/P today was 170/105. The client does not like to take pills and feels that they are not necessary. He also has been reluctant to modify his diet and likes to eat fried foods. He does not think his eating habits are causing any problems. Because of these symptoms, the client was admitted to the hospital for treatment and further evaluation. His lab values and renal studies confirmed the diagnosis of end stage kidney disease. Because of the severity of his problems, he was started on hemodialysis. What is the likely cause of his kidney failure? Explain your answers His kidney failure is caused by uncontrolled blood pressure and lack of treatment compliance. When you have uncontrolled high blood pressure it affects the kidneys because the blood vessels narrow and stiffen causing the nephrons in the kidney to work harder. Eventually if hypertension is left untreated it can lead to end stage renal disease because the nephrons in the kidney are no longer able to filter out the toxins such as nitrogen waste which builds up in the blood. They also are unable to maintain fluid or electrolyte balance. Eventually...
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...which discuss the connection between General Motors (GM) as a major car manufacturer, and the environmental issues and policies that concern the company: * Environmental legislation affecting GM is outlined. * The internal and external drivers of GMs policies are analysed. * The policies themselves are discussed. * Recommendations and conclusions relevant to the future of environmental protection from the automobile industry’s point of view are made. Contents 1. Executive Summary 2 2. Introduction 4 3. General Motors 4 4. Main Legislation (International, National and Local) Affecting General Motors 4 5. Analysis of the Main Drivers of GM Environmental Policy 9 5.1. Internal and External Drivers 10 6. General Motors Environmental policies 11 7. Analysis of General Motors Environmental Policies 12 7.1. Specific 13 7.2. Measurable 13 7.3. Achievable 14 7.4. Realistic 14 7.5. Timely 15 8. Recommendations 15 9. Conclusions 16 10. Table of Figures 18 11. List of Tables 18 12. List of References 18 13. Bibliography 20 2. Introduction This report investigates and analyse the impact of General Motors (GM) on the environment, the company’s environmental policies and an outline of the main environmental policies affecting GM. The problem of global warming and the depletion of natural resources is a major concern in the 21st century. GM as a major automobile maker plays an important role...
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...CASE – 1 INTERNATIONAL CASE: MCDONALDS’S – SERVING FAST FOOD AROUND THE WORLD Ray Kroc opened the first McDonald’s restaurant in1955. He offered a limited menu of high-quality, moderately-priced food served in spotless surroundings. McDonald’s QSC&V (quality, service, cleanliness, and value) was a hit. The chain expanded into every state in the nation. By 1983 it had more than 6,000 restaurants in the United States and by 1995 it had more than 18,000 restaurants in 89 countries, located in six continents. In 1995 alone, the company built 2,400 restaurants, and by 2001 it had more than 29,000 restaurants in 121 countries. In 1967, McDonald’s opened its first restaurant outside United States, in Canada. Since then, international growth has been accelerate. In 1995, the “Big Six” countries that provide about 80 per cent of the international operating income are: Canada, Japan, Germany, Australia, France, and England. Yet fast food has barely touched many cultures. The opportunities for expanding the market are great, as 99 per cent of the world population are not yet McDonald’s customers. For example, in China, with a population of 1.2 billion people, there were only 62 McDonald’s restaurants in 1995. McDonald’s vision is to be the major player in food services around the world. In Europe, McDonald’s maintains a small percentage of restaurant sales but commands a large share of the fast-food market. It took the company 14 years of planning before...
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...|Consumer’s perception of food quality and its relation to the choice of food | |Master thesis | |Master of Science in Marketing | | | |DEPARTMENT OF MARKETING AND STATISTICS | |HANDELSHØJSKOLEN | |AARHUS UNIVERSITET | | | | | | | | ...
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...Organisms Technology, Society, and Culture Table of Contents Technical Aspect of GMO by Chad Dookie Page 3 Moral and Ethical Aspect of GMO by Ronald Claude Page 7 Cultural and Legal Aspect of GMO by Evangelina Ramirez Page 14 Environmental Issues of GMO by Donovan Collins Page 23 References Page 32 Technical Aspect of GMO by Chad Dookie Description of GMOs and the associated science Most of the populations that do shopping in the groceries to buy food for their family are not aware of the “naturalness” of the food. Groceries sell items such as; cotton seeds, rice, soy, sugar beets, yeast, cassava, papaya, bananas, food flavoring, potatoes, corn, tomatoes, squash, oils, beef, pork, chicken, salmon, peas, alfalfa, and honey. Notice that most of the items listed either came from a plant or an animal. Those are the top 20 grocery items that have been genetically modified. What are genetically modified organisms? A genetically modified organism is any living thing that has had their DNA tampered with. This can be mutating, removing, or adding genetic material into the organism. All of the items listed in paragraph one has had their DNA tampered with. Most times when people talk about genetically modified organisms, they mostly refer to plants that are genetically modified. You may be wondering how the animals listed are considered genetically modified. This is because scientists modify the plants that are being fed to the animals...
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...LIPIDS Composition Elements – Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen Structure How are Triglycerides Formed Lipids are formed when 3 fatty acids combine with glycerol. Glycerol is an alcohol – it has 3 hydroxyl (OH) groups. To each of these OH groups, a fatty acid attaches itself. Each time this happens water is eliminated. The result is a triglyceride (this is the chemical name for lipids). Show diagram of triglyceride formation Fatty Acids Lipids are made up of a number of different fatty acids. Examples of fatty acids are oleic acid and linoleic acid. Fatty acids are molecules. They are made up of chains of different lengths – these can be long or short. Fatty acids have a chemical formula – CH3(CH2)n COOH Structure of Saturated Fatty Acids This is what a fatty acid looks like (structure). Show diagram of saturated fatty acid structure The above fatty acid is known as a saturated fatty acid. The reason for this is that every carbon atom along the chain has its full quota/compliment of H atoms. It cannot hold any more hydrogen – every bond is complete – it is saturated. Butyric acid – a fatty acid in butter is a saturated fatty acid. Structure of Unsaturated Fatty Acids Some fats are unsaturated. Show diagram of an unsaturated fatty acid The fatty acid in the diagram has one double bond. It is called a monounsaturated fatty acid. Carbon chains can have more than one double bond. If the carbon chain has 2 or more double bonds...
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...biomedcentral.com/1471-2377/1/3 Received: 29 June 2001 Accepted: 30 July 2001 © 2001 Jellinger et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in any medium for any non-commercial purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original URL. For commercial use, contact info@biomedcentral.com Abstract Background and Purpose: The impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD) is still controversial. The aim of our retrospective autopsy study was to assess the impact of TBE and ApoE allele frequency on the development of AD. Material and Methods: We examined 1. the incidence of AD pathology (Braak stageing, CERAD, NIA-Reagan Institute criteria) in 58 consecutive patients (mean age ± SD 77.0 ± 6.8 years) with residual closed TBI lesions, and 2. the frequency of TBI residuals in 57 age-matched autopsy proven AD cases. In both...
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...Genetic Engineering Wesley Rupe, Jawad Rana, Layli Stroia, Charles Taiwo, Mariella Velasquez, Mark Young DeVry University Genetic Engineering Table of contents Title page ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1 Table of contents ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2 1. A brief description of the technology and an explanation of the associated science (Mariella Velasquez) ………………………………………………..……………. 3 2. Psychological considerations and sociological effects (Mariella Velasquez) …………. 3 3. The historical development and context of the technology (Wesley Rupe) …………. 13 4. Political and legal influences (Mark Young) (Not Complete) 5. Economic questions and considerations (Jawad Rana)………………………………….…… 21 6. The technology in its cultural context, media influence (Charles Taiwo) (Not Complete) 7. Implications for the environment (Charles Taiwo) (Not Complete) 8. Moral and ethical implications (Layli Stroia) ……………………………………………………..… 30 Outline A brief description of the technology and an explanation of the associated science Definition: What is Genetic Engineering? Genetic engineering (GE) is the process of manipulation of an organism genome to create a new DNA. The new DNA might be implanted in a totally different DNA species. It is widely used to create hybrids (some species are not able to naturally breed), correct genetic flows in any type of being. It is applied in...
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...females in a single mating event may be common in some sharks and batoids (Carrier et al. 1994; Yano et al. 1999; Pratt & Carrier 2001; Chapman et al. 2003). Several species of requiem and hammerhead sharks (families Carcharhinidae and Sphyrnidae, respectively) are also known to store sperm for several months after copulation, raising the possibility that viable sperm from multiple males can accumulate over a protracted mating season and be available for delayed fertilization (Pratt 1993; Manire et al. 1995). Despite these life-history strategies that might seem conducive to multiple paternity, the latter has been documented in only two shark species, the lemon Negaprion brevirostris and nurse shark Ginglymostoma cirratum. In both these cases, the study animals were from small populations (< 100 breeding animals) and sampled from a single location from insular breeding grounds in the tropical western Atlantic (Ohta et al. 2000; Feldheim et al. 2001, 2002; Saville et al. 2002; E. Heist, pers. comm.). Furthermore, in both species (especially so with the nonmigratory G. cirratum), some individuals of both sexes appear to maintain long-term site fidelity (‘philopatry’) to the sampled breeding grounds (Pratt & Carrier 2001; Feldheim et al. 2002; Saville et al. 2002). The...
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...* Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Elements of E-Procurement 1 2.1 Systems 1 2.1.1 ERP 1 2.1.1.1 The implementation process and life cycle 2 2.1.1.2 Key success factors (KSFs) 3 2.1.1.3 Project preparation 3 2.1.1.4 Technology selection 4 2.1.1.5 Implementation/ development: 5 2.1.2 EDI 5 2.2 Necessary Support Technologies 7 2.2.1 E-Catalogues 7 2.2.2 E-Auctions 8 2.2.3 Market Places 11 3 Strength and Weaknesses of Implementing E-Procurement 13 3.1 Strengths 13 3.2 Weaknesses 14 4 Critical Success Factors for the Implementation of E-Procurement 15 4.1 Supplier and contract management 16 4.2 End-user behavior and e-procurement business processes 16 4.3 Information and e-procurement infrastructure 17 5 Case Study 18 6 Future Outlook/ Conclusion 19 List of References II Introduction During the last decade and especially in the last couple of years, the internet has finally found its position in business operations. While the use of internet has been rather the exception than the norm, it is now becoming more and more common to streamline processes and eliminate wasteful processes through the use of the internet. This can especially be seen in the purchasing operations of many firms nowadays, as many companies see the importance of efficient procurement and change from slow and often expensive, paper-based orders to e-procurement. It seems as though this style of procurement can be of great advantage to every firm, but there are also drawbacks. The...
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...0 Contents Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 6 2. Trade in Goods ................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Bilateral Trade between Australia and China .............................................................................. 7 2.2 South Australian Trade with China .............................................................................................. 8 2.2.1 Disaggregated Analysis of South Australian Trade with China ........................................... 8 2.2.2 South Australia’s trade and comparative advantage ........................................................... 9 2.2.2.1 South Australia’s Revealed Comparative Advantage in comparison to other States and Territories .......................................................................................................................................... 12 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.3 Disaggregated Analysis of Key Agricultural Products ....................................................... 18 2.2.2.4 Possible Impacts of ChAFTA Commitments on Agriculture for South Australia ............... 20 2.2.2...
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...Biotechnology Insulin crystals Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make useful products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological Diversity).[1] Depending on the tools and applications, it often overlaps with the (related) fields of bioengineering and biomedical engineering. For thousands of years, humankind has used biotechnology in agriculture, food production and medicine.[2] The term itself is largely believed to have been coined in 1919 by Hungarian engineer Karl Ereky. In the late 20th and early 21st century, biotechnology has expanded to include new and diverse sciences such as genomics, recombinant gene technologies, applied immunology, and development of pharmaceutical therapies and diagnostic tests.[3] Definitions of biotechnology The concept of 'biotech' or 'biotechnology' encompasses a wide range of procedures (and history) for modifying living organisms according to human purposes — going back to domestication of animals, cultivation of plants, and "improvements" to these through breeding programs that employ artificial selection and hybridization. Modern usage also includes genetic engineering as well as cell and tissue culture technologies. Biotechnology is defined by the American Chemical Society as the application of biological organisms, systems, or processes by various...
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