...Background ABC is a clothing manufacture in UK. It runs a very good business in past few years. With the growth of the company, now it needs to raise money form public. ABC can choose to go to New York Stock Exchange in US or go to Beijing Stock Exchange in China to issue stocks and raise money. What they would like to consider is how they can use six pathways by considering both cultural and ethical issues they will meet in two markets to make decisions. The essay will be mainly focus on using six pathways to make decision in China market. The right decisions will make investors invest on them and they can raise money from them. Main body Decision making can be made through six different ways. Throughput Model highlights the various pathways in which ethical reasoning can affect a decision may be helpful for future decision. The first pathway is P-D (perception-decision). The fashion designer of ABC Company is a British. As what he thinks, fashion is to pursue personal’s beauty. So the clothes he designs are tightly shape or sexy which can represent a beauty of human body. The company sell them to China. As a result, it does not receive an expectation marketing share. The reason is that the designer is based on its own perception (P) for fashion without considering Chinese traditional culture before making a decision (D). Clothing forming China is not as important as that in UK or US. Chinese pay more attention to the artistic conception not the character’s body...
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...Lincoln University Digital Thesis Copyright Statement The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). This thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: you will use the copy only for the purposes of research or private study you will recognise the author's right to be identified as the author of the thesis and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate you will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from the thesis. An Empirical Analysis of China Big Four State-Owned Banks’ Performance: A Data Envelopment Analysis A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Commerce and Management at Lincoln University By Jiyun Xu Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand 2011 I Abstract of a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of M. C. M. An Empirical Analysis of China Big Four State-Owned Banks’ Performance: A Data Envelopment Analysis By Jiyun Xu Banks are becoming more international, disintermediation, concentrated and contestable in the financial market in providing services to foreign enterprises and individuals. There is also a shift from the traditional bank lending activities towards investment banking activities. Competition in financial markets encourages consolidation...
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...The analysis on the development of Chinese Mainland banking industry internationalization Table of Content Introduction 3 1.0 Analysis on capital management based on Basel III 3 1.1 Potential risk determinants 3 1.1.1 CRAR based on Basel III 3 1.1.2 NPL perspective 4 1.1.3 Internal risk control system 4 1.1.4 The fund sourcing exploration through finance innovation 5 1.2 The risk identification 5 1.2.1 Risk of local government financial platform 5 1.2.2 NPL and Due Diligence Investigation 5 1.2.3 Risk of lending to SMEs and Derivative Deposit problems 5 1.2.4 Risk of collateral assets auctions 6 2.0 Analysis on internationalization of operation overseas 6 2.1 Key factors identification and comparison 6 2.1.1 Operation efficiency on ROA and ROE perspective 6 2.1.2 Operation scale and scope 7 2.2 Government potential influence on policies and regulation 8 2.3 Challenge and Risk based on the analysis 8 2.3.1 Strategic partnership with developed bank 8 2.3.2 Human Resource management 8 3.0 Analysis on internationalization of interest rate liberalization 8 3.1 Government potential influence on policies and regulation 9 3.2 Comparison between Chinese Mainland banks and HSBC 9 Conclusion 9 Appendices 11 Reference 13 Introduction From 2013, the trend of catching up with international standard and increasing Chinese banking competitiveness is under the agenda of PBOC through the frequent policies transformation...
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...Robert S. Kaplan and Robin Cooper was designed the activity based costing (ABC) method in 1988. It was felt that there was a need for more accurate and up-to-date information and a more proactive approach to planning and managing the costs. ABC is a process to identify the costs of all activities and allocating, applying, assigning or tracing costs to products. Activity based costing is a costing technique, tool, system, mechanism or approach. It may be used in addition to the current traditional system or used in place of it. This will enable the new system to be applied consistently so that the opportunity to revert to old ways is limited. Activity based costing is aims to cost the products independent of output volume and to apply overheads on the basis of causes and effect. Besides that, it is also aim to trace all the costs to products. The underlying assumption of ABC is that a product causes activities, activities cause costs and therefore activity is related to product costs. In other words, since activities consume assigned resources and products consume activities, the costs of products are the cost of resources. Its main focus is on the relationship between activity, cost driver, cost, cost pool and cost object. Traditional cost accounting is inadequate so that become activity based costing more relevant. Activity based costing gained support because of the limitations of traditional cost accounting. It is focuses on departments, cost centres or divisions and not...
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...The implementation of Activity Based Costing (ABC) in Chinese refining manufacturers Table of contents 1. Introduction 2 1.1 Research background 2 1.2 domestic and foreign research status 4 1.2.1 Activity-based costing development process 4 1.2.2 Status quo of Activity-Based Costing Development and Application in China 6 1.3 research contents 8 2. Related theories 9 2.1concept of ABC 9 2.2 rationales 10 2.3 difference between ABC and traditional costing 12 2.3.1. Different calculating targets 12 2.3.2 Different calculation 12 2.3.3. Different Finished goods costs term 13 3. Research methodology 13 3.1 case study 13 3.2 The survey method 13 3.3 Literature 14 4. Research Results 14 4.1 problems of traditional costing method in oil refining enterprise 14 4.2suggestions for Chinese enterprises’ application ABC 15 Bibliography 15 1. Introduction 1.1 Research background With the rapid development of the national economy, enterprises’ competition is increasingly fierce; many companies are using advanced science and technology to achieve competitive advantage in the market. Market competition and technological progress are the two fundamental economic factors which generate activity-based costing. Since The beginning of 1980s of the 20th century, the activity based cost method is paid a wide range of attention; the developed countries gradually adopt it in a number of advanced enterprises...
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...College ranking and student sorting: Evidence from China Zhigang Li a Chao Wang b School of Economics the University of Hong Kong Abstract China has over 1,000 universities, admitting around 7 million students yearly. Providing information on the school quality may elevate the sorting of students and improve the quality of human capital. In this study, we exploit publicly available university rankings in China and school-major level admission score data to estimate the sorting effect of information provision on school quality. We find evidence that the public ranking of universities significantly affects the decision of students and the outcome of university-student sorting. a b Corresponding author Tel.: +852-9722-3859 E-mail address: zli.economics@gmail.com Corresponding author Tel.: +1-917-9753195 E-mail address: cw1379@nyu.edu Catalogue 1. 2. Introduction.........................................................................................................................3 Admission System in China................................................................................................4 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 3. An Introduction to the Admission System in China................................................... 4 Impacts of the Admission System in China ............................................................... 4 Admission System in China and Representative Anglophone Countries .................. 5 Estimation Method ..................................
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...Isa becoming more and more popular [3-7] ABC aims to provide accurate costing information to managers to allocate activity costs to products and services by applying cost drivers [8]. Academics who advocate ABC, such as, Cooper and Kaplan [9], and Swenson [10] argue that it provides more accurate cost data needed to make appropriate strategic decisions about product mix, sourcing, pricing, process improvement, and evaluation of business process performance. These claims have led many firms to adopt ABC systems [8]. The benefits of ABC and its positive impact on firm’s performance motivated a numerous studies which examined various aspects of ABC. Among such studies are McGowan [11] who assessed the integrity of ABC success, Innes and Mitchell [4, 12] and Yanren [13] who conducted research on factors affecting ABC adoption, and Shield [3], Shields and McEwen [14], Gosselin [15] and Baired et al.[16, 17]who concentrated on factors influencing ABC success especially at the implementation stage. However, there is mounting evidence that suggests most of firms are experiencing problems in implementing ABC and, in some extreme cases, ABC implementation is not successful [3], which later resulted in abandoning the ABC systems altogether [15]. Questions arise as to why ABC implementation is successful in certain companies and fails in others. Based on the contingency theory, researchers have argued that the reasons for different degrees of ABC success could be due to the different contextual...
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...Isa becoming more and more popular [3-7] ABC aims to provide accurate costing information to managers to allocate activity costs to products and services by applying cost drivers [8]. Academics who advocate ABC, such as, Cooper and Kaplan [9], and Swenson [10] argue that it provides more accurate cost data needed to make appropriate strategic decisions about product mix, sourcing, pricing, process improvement, and evaluation of business process performance. These claims have led many firms to adopt ABC systems [8]. The benefits of ABC and its positive impact on firm’s performance motivated a numerous studies which examined various aspects of ABC. Among such studies are McGowan [11] who assessed the integrity of ABC success, Innes and Mitchell [4, 12] and Yanren [13] who conducted research on factors affecting ABC adoption, and Shield [3], Shields and McEwen [14], Gosselin [15] and Baired et al.[16, 17]who concentrated on factors influencing ABC success especially at the implementation stage. However, there is mounting evidence that suggests most of firms are experiencing problems in implementing ABC and, in some extreme cases, ABC implementation is not successful [3], which later resulted in abandoning the ABC systems altogether [15]. Questions arise as to why ABC implementation is successful in certain companies and fails in others. Based on the contingency theory, researchers have argued that the reasons for different degrees of ABC success could be due to the different contextual...
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...Religion Catholic Cinco De Mayo Beans/Rice Pinata Day of the Dead Asians Food Traditions Celebrations Chicken, Duck, Fish, Fresh vegetables Language Chinese New Years Noodles Religion Buddhism Lantern Festival Rice Tea Ching Ming Festival FDT4 Task 2 D. Kentucky Subcultures It takes a great deal of patience and understanding to be a teacher in a culturally mixed environment. The educational environment that I plan to teach in consists of cultures made up of Asians and Hispanics. I wish to better understand these two cultures so that I can understand the differences and provide a teaching environment that will be valuable in my classroom. In order to accomplish this, I have researched the foods, traditions and celebrations of two Kentucky subcultures, which are Asians and Hispanics. In the state of Kentucky, according to the U.S. Census Bureau 2011, Hispanics make up 138,563 of the total population. According to the U.S. Census Bureau 2011, Asians make up 52,201 of the total population. (U.S. Census Bureau, 2013 a) E. Hispanic Culture - Foods Hispanics are well known for starting and overseeing authentic Mexican restaurants. The love of Mexican foods by the majority of Americans has kept the Hispanics in business for many years. Corn is the main base in foods of most Mexicans. Bread is not a normal staple of a typical Mexican meal, but instead of eating bread, most meals consist of a tortilla. The tortilla is thin, flat...
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...steel residential sinks which extended its scope into various kinds of products with only a few competitors. Its Plumbing Products Division produced different level and priced sinks in three plants separately based on different process requirements and characters of products and further invented itself to become the industry’s innovator. Elkay’s main market included North America and selected international markets. In 2007, Elkay’s main outlet market begun to collapse; prices of raw materials increased sharply; Chinese competitors began to encroach on its low-end and threaten its relationships with key customers together with its pricing pressure from retailers and fabricators. All these factors severely undermined Elkay’s profitability. Since Elkay kept using a traditional standard costing system and analyzed its customer P&Ls within it, managers didn’t take well actions toward the decline in profit for they knew information provided by this system were actually inaccurate and meaningless. Due to Hrudicka’s tireless efforts and successes from two pilot projects, PPD implemented the new Discrete Product Costing by adopting the time-driven ABC system eventually. However, in may 2008, after received report about SKU profitability provided by the new system, the vice president of sales contemplated about taking action towards unprofitable customers. （为20000个顾客提供6000 SKUs products） Problem and issue: The problem that faced by Elkay’s PPD is the severe decline in profit. Issues underlying...
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...Structure of the Textbook: Unit 1 Basic Knowledge of Business Letter Writing Ⅰ. Form and Structure of Business Letters 1. Form 2. Structure 3. Addressing Envelopes Ⅱ. Writing Principles of Business Letter Exercises Unit 2 Establishing Business Relations & Inquiring Credit Reference Ⅰ. Letters for Establishing Business Relations 1. Importer Writes to Exporter 2. Self Introduction by Exporter 3. Exporter Writes to Importer 4. Self Introduction by Manufacturer 5. Manufacturer Writes to Importer 6. Letter Referring to a Bank Reference 7. Reply to the Above Ⅱ. Supplement: Some Useful Sentences on Establishing Business Relations Inquiring Credit Reference Exercises Unit 3 Enquiries and Replies Ⅰ. The Letters of Enquiries and Replies 1. General Enquiry and Reply 2. Specific Enquiry and Reply Ⅱ. Supplement: Some Useful Sentences on Enquiries & Replies Exercises Unit 4 Quotations, Sales Letters, Firm Offers & Counter Offers Ⅰ. Quotations 1. Quotation and Reply 2. Sending a Quotation 3. Buyer Asks for Quotation and Seller Replies Ⅱ. Sales Letters 1. Ordinary Sales--Promotion of DVD Player 2.Trying to Sell with Samples--Promotion of U, S. Dollar Bank Note Checker Ⅲ. Offers 1. Offer of Electronic Calculators 2. Offer of Refrigerators 3. Offer of Personal Computers Ⅳ. Counter Offers 1. Counter-offer on Price of Refrigerator 2. Counter-offer...
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...other financial firms to make decision for investment project and exogenous financing, furthermore, the customers decide whether consumption or saving, moreover, the financial intermediaries finance the fund in which approach from savers to borrowers. The well financial system can perfect the effect of information, enforcement and transaction cost on the saving rate, investment decision and technological innovation, and steady state growth rate. Financial market channel the fund to investment opportunities to get the profit, so if the financial system cannot work well, the economic growth also more or less affected. The essay mainly gives a brief introduction on the points of financial development and economic growth based on the area of Chinese. The essay mainly talks about the theories relate to the relationship of financial development and economic growth, the determining elements to accelerate the financial development, reform in financial sector in China, and the positive relationship between financial development...
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...One of the most renowned companies in the technology word today is Apple. Created by Steve Jobs, Apple revolutionized the computer in 1976 with the release of the Apple 1. From that point on Apple has always been on the top of the market with its products. Presently they lead the market in Smart Phones, Tablets and Personal Computers. With the huge demand for their products, there comes an enormous responsibility for manufacturing the devices in a quick and cost effective matter. With the rapidly growing market of Apple computers and the technology/electronic industry as a whole, Apple eventually had to rethink how they manufactured their products to create the most efficient outcome; the highest revenue with the lowest cost. The competitive nature of the technology industry causes companies to look for a competitive advantage, which will make them much more profitable than their competitors. For the majority of the company’s history, they have been known to manufacture their products in the USA and even prided themselves with building the Macintosh computer which Steve Jobs described as “a machine that is made in America”. In 2004, when the company was not nearly as financially profitable as they are today, they decided their best option was to start manufacturing their products in other countries. The company, who is now a leader in foreign manufacturing, was lagging behind many American companies in terms of manufacturing abroad at that point in time. The majority of...
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...ABC Chemical Company Goes Global* Driven by competitive pressures, and the attractiveness of the industry’s fastest growing market in the world, a U.S.-based chemical manufacturer, ABC Chemical Company (name changed to maintain confidentiality) considered expansion into Asia, specifically, China. William Smith is the International Marketing manager for ABC Chemical Company. William has been tasked with expanding ABC’s manufacturing and distribution to the Asia Pacific region. Many changes in the powder coating industry have forced ABC to reconsider its their global strategy. To date, they have exclusively manufactured and exported from the Americas. Higher costs and tougher competition have forced ABC to look to the Asia Pacific Region to reduce these costs (specifically shipping) and remain competitive. ABC Chemical Company is a U.S.-based business that manufactures and distributes specialty chemicals to various industries for use in manufacturing finished products. ABC Chemical Company’s powder coating division needs to expand into Asia to remain competitive. Many of the powder coating division’s customers are moving their plants to Asia in an attempt to expand their markets and lower their production costs. As well, all of ABC Chemical Company’s competitors are opening production facilities in Asia to meet their customer’s needs, to expand their markets and lower their costs. For Asian and some European manufactures, powder coatings are a commodity with...
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...to the World Trade Organization. This change in market condition has incentivized Chinese firms to improve their management accounting practices. Subsequently, the traditional costing method is also facing a sudden threat by the influx of ABC/M, Target Costing, Responsibility Accounting, etc. Presented with new ideas, this essay will discuss the popular cost management accounting trend in China, specifically the responsibility cost control system. I will also compare the changes in the Chinese management accounting practices and give opinions on the possible future outlook of the cost and management accounting landscape. According to the research on contemporary management accounting in China by Jason Zezhong Xiao and Rong-Ruey Duh, the most widely used techniques are, cost behavior analysis, cost allocation, responsibility accounting, and cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis. On the other hand, the lowest levels of adoption are techniques like the activity-based costing/management, kaizen costing, standard costing, and environmental accounting. This result is gathered by providing the firms with 25 management accounting practices and asking them to feedback the extent to which they applied each of the 25 practices in the running of their businesses. Results showed that the responsibility cost control system, together with CVP analysis, are among the most popular ‘new’ practices adopted by Chinese firms since market reformed. Specifically, I will discuss responsibility cost control...
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