...qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyui opasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfgh jklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvb nmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwerty uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdf ghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxc vbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer tyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfg hjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcv bnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwert yuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasd fghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzx cvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwe rtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdf ghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxc vbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer tyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopas dfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklz xcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrt yuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasd fghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzx cvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwe rtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopa sdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjkl ...
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...Policies in Relation to Abortion Before and After the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court Case New Mexico State University Jennifer Walker Abstract The Roe versus Wade Supreme Court Case has had a huge impact on abortion laws in the United States. Before 1973, abortions were illegal and criminal, with few exceptions. Overnight, the decision in the case legalized first trimester abortions while leaving the specifications of the other trimesters up to the states. This case has led to many debates over the value of life and when life begins whether at conception, independence from mother, or first breath. All of these can be defined by religion, law, or individual beliefs. Unfortunately, none of the policies before or after Roe versus Wade have addressed the issue of unintended pregnancies, which is the underlying cause of abortion. Until this is addressed, policies will continue to be created, implemented, and challenged. Policies in Relation to Abortion Before and After the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court Case Introduction In 1973, a case was selected to be heard by the Supreme Court that would substantially impact women’s rights then and continue to impact them today. The case was over Texas policy article 1911 that stated, “If any person shall designedly administer to a pregnant woman or knowingly procure to be administered with her consent… and thereby procure an abortion, he shall be confined in the penitentiary not less than two nor more than five years…” (Law Library, 2014)...
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...lack of access to abortion impairs their economic and social equality. * Following the case of Roe V. Wade in 1973, optional abortion was legalized in the U.S and restrictions were permitted in the individual states for the women pursuing abortion. * The court allowed women to undertake abortion provided the states did not create undue burdens for the women; however, the current public policy goes against this mandate. * The Current policy on abortion seeks to restrict access to abortion by incorporating techniques that create undue burdens on vulnerable women. * Several attempts to criminalize abortion have been unsuccessful resulting in the implementation of the repressive policy. * The repressive policy aims at fragmenting the rights of women to access abortion as well as limiting their accessibility to the procedure. These systems make the women resort to illegal and unsafe methods or are forced to bear children against their wish. * These efforts have limited the reproductive rights of vulnerable since upper-class white women can still access abortion procedures via their private doctors or through traveling to countries where it is legal and safe. Slide 1 * There are many groups of vulnerable women that fail to access abortion procedures. * Firstly, teenagers below the age of 18 years cannot access abortion due to the expensive cost of the procedure as well as legal constraints that do not allow them to consent to abortion. * Secondly,...
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...Every day, day by day I hear it’s a girl’s job to handle certain tasks, but after the abortion policy, the focus is not just on women anymore but also on pregnant ones. Inside my Neighborhood and there were many quarrels, but one day it took off to another level where the police were needed. It started in the evening when everybody just hear about a residence named Suzie chance who was going to have an abortion. I was just going to check for mail until I heard banging, (KNOCK! KNOCK! KNOCK!), it was startling but I needed to investigate where that noise was. Then from my far left, I noticed another residence at someone’s porch and noticed, that’s Jose Martinez in front of Suzie’s porch. With the top of his lungs, I hear “Come out” and he was...
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...“Evaluating Abortion-Care Programs: Old Challenges, New Directions,” Janie Benson, the author, sheds light on the effects that poor evaluations have on abortion care clinics and addresses new ways to evaluate programs, positively promoting safe-abortions clinics for women. Benson states that her “objectives are first to provide a conceptual framework for evaluation of the essential outcomes of the abortion related programs, and second to make recommendations for improvements in infrastructure, resource availability, and political commitment to support evaluation of abortion programs”(pg. 190). Benson uses quotes and paraphrasing from other sources to help build her argument. She first addressed the “conceptual framework for evaluating programs“, which means that women are given proper abortion and post abortion care will be less likely to need further care or die(pg. 190). Benson used studies in Bangladesh which showed that there might have been a correlation between the death rate of women, who died from abortion complications, and how policy provisions may have lowered the numbers(pg. 191). She uses the same method throughout...
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...Grounds on which abortion is permitted: To save the life of the woman Yes To preserve physical health Yes To preserve mental health Yes Rape or incest No Foetal impairment No Economic or social reasons No Available on request No Additional requirements: Third-party authorization by a medical professional is required. The legal period allowed is 120 days and the woman’s consent is required. Government view on fertility level: Too high Government intervention concerning fertility level: To lower Government policy on contraceptive use: Direct support provided Percentage of currently married women using modern contraception (aged 15-49, 1988): 31 Total fertility rate (1995-2000): 3.2 Age-specific fertility rate (per 1,000 women aged 15-19, 1995-2000): 25 Government has expressed particular concern about: Morbidity and mortality resulting from induced abortion Yes Complications of childbearing and childbirth Yes Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births, 1990): ...
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...Yushen Lin C. Lynch Class Number: 1G What’s Chinese one-child Policy and what’s the influence As we all know, China is the most population country in the world. On this essay, we will focus on how Chinese Government do to prevent the population growth and keep their TDR (Total Dependency Ration) in an acceptable level, which is known for us about the famous Chinese one-child policy. Then we also keep an eye on these two important problems: Chinese imbalance Sex Ratio and Chinese horrible high abortion rate. Now, let’s see the picture list below: Indicators | China | World Average | Population mid-2013 (millions) | 1,357 | 7,137 | Projected Population mid-2050 (millions) | 1,314 | 9.727 | 2050 Population as a Multiple of 2013 | 1 | 1.4 | Rate of Natural Increase: RNI | 0.5 | 1.2 | Crude Birth Rate: CBR (Births per 1,000 population) | 12 | 20 | Total Fertility Rate: TFR | 1.5 | 2.5 | Crude Death Rate: CDR (Deaths per 1,000 population) | 7 | 8 | Percent of Population (15-49) with HIV/AIDS | <0.1 | 0.8 | Infant Mortality Rate: IMR (deaths <1 year of age per 1,000 live births) | 16 | 14 | Life Expectancy at Birth (Both sexes, in years) | 75 | 70 | Youth Dependency Ratio: YDR | 21.3 | 39.4 | Elderly Dependency Ratio: EDR | 12 | 12.1 | Percent Urban | 53 | 52 | As the picture shows to us the most highlight part of this table needs to be focused is that at this time Chinese population is about 19.6% in the whole world’s population. But when...
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...102 2 October 2012 The Future in Our Hands Imagine, a fifteen year old girl going to a party with all her friends. While she is having a great time, someone slips pills into her soda. The next day as she wakes up, not knowing where she is, she cannot recall anything that had happened that night. Furthermore, two months later she finds out she is pregnant. What does one do? Many cases like these are experienced everyday by under aged girls and some circumstances may be even worse. An option most cannot consider, either because it is illegal or not available in many countries is abortion. Legalizing abortion without the consent of a legal guardian in these situations, either due to rape or incest, should be an option. Considering this, there are statistics around the world which can prove the need of abortion and why we should make it possible, aside from the advantages, mentally and physically, abortion can provide for a woman. On the other hand, opposing ideas such as: Pro- Life, as well as religious opinions may say it is taking the life of a human being. No one can deny the act of incest and rape among minors. Jessica Schiffman, author of ´´Gender Violence: Interdisciplinary Perspectives´´ claims that 90 percent of pregnancies of children between the ages of fourteen and fifteen are caused by rape from a family member or friend. When facing these situations, a minor must know her rights. Handing the possibility to make the right choices over her own body can save her life...
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...planning. Every year over three million women, men, and teens visit Planned Parenthood associated medical centers to receive health care such as routine gynecological exams, breast and cervical cancer screenings, contraceptive services, abortion care, sexually transmitted infection/disease testing and treatment. According to Planned Parenthood, one out of five female Americans pays a visit to a Planned Parenthoodcenter throughout the course of her life (Planned Parenthood, 2014). Because Planned Parenthood is a nonprofit organization, it relies heavily on government funding to support its broad mission and programs. At the end of the 2014 fiscal year, it was revealed that Planned Parenthood health centers were recipients of $528.4 million in government funds. These funds were the largest source of income for the organization followed by private donors, charitable foundations, and non-government sources. With this being said, federal funding is absolutely essential to ensuring that Planned Parenthood’s program operations are successfully executed. Opponents of Planned Parenthood have rallied against federal funding, calling for a halt while Congress investigates the organization for its alleged practices surrounding fetal tissue extractions post abortion and their subsequent sale to research institutions. They are urging Congress to redirect current...
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...Should Abortion be Legal? Giorvanna Larathe PHI 103: Informal Logic Instructor: Jill Murray January 20, 2014 Should abortion be legal? If the question posed to me, my answer will always remain the same. Yes, I believe abortion should be legal. I have my reasons and that is what I will be discussing in my paper. First I will explain what an abortion is. My thesis will include different reasons from cause and effect to religion, beliefs and most of all women’s rights. I will touch on the basis of situations that we women endure in our lifetime. I say we, because I am a woman and understand what it is to have a choice and say in my body, what every woman should have the right to do. While I will counter my argument I will not sway you from my reasons to why abortion should be legal. We certainly live in a world of judgment along with morals and values but again a woman should have the right to decide when she chooses to abort an unwanted child. It may sound harsh and selfish but it is still her/a woman’s choice. Some of us may not agree but as the saying goes “it is what it is.” If it is not you, then why put that person down and blast them for it. One never knows what others endurances are, and sometimes they are left in circumstances where that maybe the only option. Some who are against abortion may not want to hear of it, but is still there choice and the government should not take that right away. We fought for our rights for years, and have...
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...Choose one of the following topics as they relate to children and adolescents: Teen Pregnancy Federal and State Laws in Regard to Teen Pregnancy Although the Supreme Court recognizes a minor’s right to some measure of reproductive freedom, once a teenager becomes pregnant, her choice to obtain a medical abortion is more constrained than it is to obtain contraceptives (Durcan & Appell, 2001). Minors may only obtain an abortion if their parents’ consent or a judge permits the abortion (Silverstein, 1999). Age of consent for a female or male to have sex in Georgia is 16. If a minor becomes pregnant she can marry the father but her parents have to sign the consent form and in some counties the judge has to sign the order also. In Georgia teens must inform their parents of an abortion but do not have to get consent. Noted in 2004, Sanger states “Thirty-four US states currently require pregnant minors either to notify their parents or get their consent before having a legal abortion” (p. 35). I facilitate a sex offender class so we are constantly discussing laws when in pertains to age of consent. Many are afraid of getting involved with a minor with fake ID and looks older. How do these laws affect your role as a human service provider? These laws affects my role as a human service provider in more ways than one. I will have to counsel the pregnant female, parents, and father of the child. This will be an issue because if she is a minor and the male is an adult I will have to...
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...| Abortion vs. Child Birth | An Individual’s Cost and the Cost to Society | | | Abortion vs. Child Birth An Individual’s Cost and the Cost to Society “The ability of women to participate equally in the economic and social life of the nation has been facilitated by their ability to control their reproductive lives.” Justice Sandra Day O’Connor (Boonstra, et al., 2006, p.6) Introduction “A woman typically spends roughly five years pregnant, postpartum or trying to become pregnant and three decades trying to avoid pregnancy.” (Boonstra, et al., 2006 p.6) This is more true today than any other time in history. The role women have played throughout history has been that of nuturer. In society today, she must also be provider. With this added duty placed on her, today’s women have had to adjust. One of these adjustments are the number of children she is willing and able to provide for. Advancements in technology in the past century has enabled her to control this, specifically abortion and the use of contraceptives. Hypothesis Changing roles in the family unit have caused the dynamic to change. Women have become the sole provider to the family in many households forcing them to earn a living as well as take care of the children. Conflicting sets of moral and ethical values within society have made their choices more difficult. By controlling which options she has availible, is society choosing for her? When does a specific...
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...Stigma and Counseling Methods associated with Abortions Marsha Escayg Medgar Evers College The abortion rates in the United States is higher than that in most other developed countries. Although this fact alone requires attention, looking deeper reveals additional areas of concern. According to Greene this research is based on the different confinements on abortion that have been forced under the falsification that women may be ignorant, undecided or pressured as to their choice to end a pregnancy. Of all the health decisions women make in their lifetimes, their choice to end a pregnancy is among the most individual and socially challenged. What this article does is address the gap in knowledge by describing the counseling tools and practices at one large abortion clinic in the US. It examines how confidence in decisions making varies by demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of women and pregnancy-related attributes. Furthermore it reviews women’s responses to questions aimed at identifying those with specific beliefs about spirituality or abortion. Overall what was found was that upon arrival to the clinic women had high pre-counseling confidence in their decision to terminate their pregnancy. Abortion policies concentrates on prerequisites, for example, waiting periods, state-mandated information and parental association. These laws are focused around the premise that women are unaware of the nature of the abortion and the dangers included, and require extra data...
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...right to have an abortion. At the time of the case it was illegal for women in the state of Texas to have an abortion unless the life of the mother was in danger. The 7-2 ruling allows a woman have an abortion as long as she is within the first trimester of her pregnancy. “The Court found that the 14th Amendment's guarantees of liberty and previous decisions protecting privacy in family matters included a woman's right to terminate her pregnancy” (Prochoice). Along with this case the courts also addressed the state's interest in the life of the fetus. The courts divided pregnancy into thirds. This allowed an abortion at the first trimester but gives the state the power to make laws if abortion can be allowed in the second trimester. It also put regulations on the third trimester allowing for abortion only in medical emergencies where the mother’s life would be in danger. This case has made a large impact in America. It not only gives women the right to have an abortion, but also the benefits of having a safe medical procedure. The importance of this case cannot be over looked. "In 1965, abortion was so unsafe that 17 percent of all deaths due to pregnancy and childbirth were the result of illegal abortion' (Gold, 1999). Many women at the time had to seek black market abortions. These women had abortions done by unlicensed physicians and some even tried to perform the procedure themselves. Since Roe v. Wade, women are now able to choose to have an abortion. It's now medically...
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...Abortion An abortion is a medical or surgical procedure that ends a pregnancy. It is a highly controversial issue in the United States. Although the procedure has been legal in the country since 1973, the abortion rights battle rages on with supporters and opponents struggling to gain ground in public opinion, legislatures, and the courts. Behind the battles are divergent views on when human life begins, the rights a woman has over her own body, and government interference in the private lives of individuals. Medical Issues Some of the issues concerning abortion are related to the safety of the procedure. Despite the fact that abortion was illegal in the United States before 1973—except in extreme circumstances involving the health of the mother—many women were able to find someone who would help them end their pregnancy. Often performed by untrained individuals in unsanitary conditions, these illegal abortions harmed women physically, increased the risks associated with future pregnancies, and even resulted in death. Complications are possible with any type of medical or surgical procedure. The most common medical issue associated with abortion is infection, a potentially serious and life-threatening problem. Abortion can also cause excessive bleeding and damage to the uterus, the female organ in which the fetus develops. These dangers are greatest when abortions are performed by untrained individuals, but they are rare when performed by professionals under proper conditions...
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