...Traditional delivery of Treatment …………………………….....Page 4 What is the role of the Human service Worker?…………………Page 5 What Does Outcome Studies Report? …………………………..Page 7 Conclusion ………………………………………………………Page 11 References ………………………………………………………Page 13 Abstract Contingency management in medicine is a treatment plan that gives immediate rewards for desired changes in behavior. It is based on the principle that if a good behavior is rewarded, it is more likely to be repeated. This is often used in the treatment of drug and alcohol abuse, and is being studied as a smoking cessation method. Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit substance in the United States, with approximately 5.5 million regular weekly users and high prevalence among young adults. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in marijuana use as well as in rates of marijuana use disorders among adults in the 18- to 29-year old age range, most markedly among members of ethnic groups. This paper will define contingency management and how it is implemented by a competent and trained human service worker. By using contingency management the effective treatment of marijuana abuse and the ability to abstain will be investigated. Introduction Contingency management in medicine is a treatment plan that gives immediate rewards for desired changes in behavior. It is based on the principle that if a good behavior is rewarded, it is more likely to be repeated. This paper will define contingency...
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...Alcoholism is a prominent substance abuse issue in Western society. The treatment method of controlled drinking as opposed to abstinence is a continuing cause of controversy in alcohol research to this day. The US is different from Europe in its acceptance of controlled drinking as a goal of treatment: “in the US alcohol dependence is typically depicted as a ‘recurring disease’ and the ‘successful abstainer’ as a ‘recovering’ though never ‘recovered’ alcoholic” (Coldwell, 2005). Depending on the alcohol abuse patient’s individual characteristics, either controlled drinking or abstinence is chosen as a treatment. Alcohol treatment in Canada, however seems to incorporate both mechanisms as shown in the study by Rush and Ogborne (1986).The study states that goals for one third of clients who were non abstinent were accepted depending on whether it was a residential or community-based outpatient service. Other effective methods in treating alcoholism are pharmacotherapy, behavioral method and self help manuals. This paper will discuss different therapeutic interventions while highlighting the controversy between controlled drinking and abstinence. Alcohol abuse is growing rapidly throughout U.S. society. One in every twelve adults is being diagnosed with alcohol abuse (Barlow and Durand, 2006). All that are diagnosed with alcohol abuse must meet one or more of the following criteria within a twelve month period: he/ she must fail to accomplish major work, school or home responsibilities;...
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...Running Head: COMMUNITY REINFORCEMENT APPROACH Community Reinforcement Approach Health Data by Sabrina Morton A Paper Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Health Care Policy and Applied Economics The Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) is a comprehensive behavioral program developed by behaviorists Nathan Azrin and George Hunt. The Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA), originally developed for individuals with alcohol use disorders, focuses on the management of substance-related behaviors and other disrupted life areas for treating substance-abuse problems. It is based on the belief that environmental contingencies can play a powerful role in encouraging or discouraging substance abuse. To provide an alcoholic with the incentive to quit drinking, CRA has the following two major goals: (1) Elimination of positive reinforcement for drinking; and (2) Enhancement of positive reinforcement for sobriety. Accordingly, it utilizes social, recreational, familial, and vocational reinforcers to support change in an individual's drinking or drug using behaviors and assist consumers in the recovery process. The Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) focuses on the management of substance-related behaviors and other disrupted life areas. In essence, the goal of CRA is to help individuals obtain knowledge of and embrace a meaningful and healthy way of life that is more rewarding than one filled with alcohol or drug misuse. This comprehensive...
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...Ethical Principles and Issues within Addiction Counseling Jennifer Spivey Liberty University Abstract Addiction counselors have many ethical and legal considerations in when providing services to substance abusers. There are ethical principles that including justice, autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and fidelity. Along with these principles there are federal and state regulations when providing services. As an addiction counselor there should be ethical guidelines to follow with informed consent, compensation, confidentiality, and collection and protection of data. Furthermore, addiction counselors must avoid coercion, provide alternative treatment options, protect vulnerable clients, and select representative participants for addictions research. The ultimate goal of addictions counseling is to benefit the clients and society as a whole. Keywords: ethical, principles, addiction, counselor Introduction There are many counselors that are faced with ethical issues on a regular basis. These issues are intensified for an addiction counselor. There are a number of reasons for ethical issues for addiction counselors. One is that there is a high correlation between addiction and criminal activity. There is also the concern that ethical issues such as informed consent can be complicated by problems arising out of substance abuse. The counselor’s ability to cope with these and other issues is dependent, to a large degree, on their ability to weigh up the inherent risks...
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...are a class of psychoactive substances which produce changes in perception and user experience. Through early research of Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), the use for psychedelic in the mental health profession proves promising. Due to uncontrolled drug use once, psychoactive substances reached general population, the scientific community was cut off from research and psychedelics were banned until the 1980s when a study in Switzerland lead to a new renaissance of psychedelic research. Today, psychedelic studies are held globally with the treatment of various mental disorders Keywords: psychedelics, psychotherapy, LSD, MDMA, DMT, Psychedelics in Psychology Drugs that exist to perform the primary function of triggering changes...
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...abuse and its consequences demand ways to seek effective ways of intervention, prevention, and treatment for individuals, along with monitoring the cost to society as associated with alcohol, drugs, and perhaps other drugs. Although the use of drugs is down from the mid-1980s, it is a problem for society today (Johnston, O’Malley, Bachman, & Schulenberg, 2006), (Journal of Social Work Education, Vol. 45, No. 3 (Fall 2009). Abuse is not limited to mood, or mind altering substances, we live in a society where obsession, and compulsion are at the root of excessive indulging behaviors. We will briefly discuss addiction, and the description for which is given to assist in understanding what the counselor may encounter with-in their realm of practice. Increasingly addiction, a pleasure-producing or compulsive behavior that may occur from jogging, television watching, gambling, eating disorders, drugs, and alcohol abuse (DuPont, 1997). According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (2000),” substance abuse is a maladaptive pattern of substance use related to the repeated use of a substance”, (APA, P.198). The Substance Abuse Counselor Profession with all its facets will be a necessary component for one to attempt an explanation of the point of existence, the reason for this profession, along with the roles, and functions of the SAC. With-in the explorations of this paper a report of the necessary educational requirements, certifications, and...
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...OB/Peds March 11, 2014 Community Resources Paper The Risks and Education of Teenage Pregnancy The at-risk group that I chose to research is teenage pregnancy, and the education and risks associated with it. I selected this topic because I feel like it is essential to teach our children all the risk and responsibilities that come with the decision to become sexually active, before they become sexually active. If teens are taught the essentials about pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, and are educated on the resources available, they will be able to make an informed decision before making a crucial decision. I feel that when abstinence is all that is taught by parents, our children are too scared to ask about sexually transmitted infections and pregnancy, and don’t know about the resources available to them to prevent both. Teenagers who are sexually active have no idea all of the different resources available to help them to prevent pregnancy and spreading sexually transmitted infections. When they become sexually active they are afraid that they are going to get in trouble for not being abstinent which further increases their chance of getting pregnant or spreading infections because they are too scared to ask about it before they put themselves in the situation. Among the most conservative states I found the following. “Mississippi continues to have the highest teeth birth rate, with 55 births per 1,000 girls. New Hampshire...
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...psychological problems * Drug use is also a maladaptive psychological coping strategy * Drug abusers also need to resolve internal conflict, and when they do, drug use will be unnecessary. SOCIAL MODEL This involves * Drug use as a learned behavior * People using drugs because drug use is modeled by others * Peer pressure * Environmental effects leading to drug use MORAL MODEL * Addicts are usually weak and can overcome a compulsion to use with willpower * Drug abusers are anti-social and should be punished for that * Drug are generally evil BIO-PSYCHO-SOCIAL MODEL * All the above are true, to greater or lesser degrees * Each person’s drug use is a result of some aspects of some or all the other models * Treatment and recovery require addressing the body, mind, social, nutrition, employment, family issues, psychological issues. On a broad inference, addiction is generally concerned with alcoholism so therefore we shall talk extensively on alcoholism. ALCOHOLISM Alcoholism is a broad term for problems with alcohol, and is generally used to mean compulsive and uncontrolled...
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...Outline The overall objective of this research paper is to identify and address those aspects of alcoholism, which contribute to it as a medical disease. True, alcoholism has many ramifications for society as well as the economy, but the focus of this paper shall be, for the most part, on the medical aspects. In the way of background, alcoholism refers to the drinking of alcoholic beverages to such a degree that major aspects of the individual’s life -such as work, school, family relationships or personal SAFETY AND HEALTH, above all, are seriously and repeatedly interfered with. Alcoholism is considered a disease, meaning that it follows a characteristic course with known physical, psychological, and social systems. The alcoholic continues to consume alcohol despite the destructive consequences. Alcoholism is serious, progressive, and irreversible. If not treated, it can be fatal. It is generally thought that once the disease has developed, the alcoholic will not drink normally again. An alcoholic who abstains from drinking, however, can regain control over the aspects of life with which ALCOHOL interfered. The alcoholic is then said to be “recovering” not “cured” of the disease. It is important to note that the particular symptoms and pattern of DRINKING PROBLEMS may vary with the individual. ALCOHOLISM is, therefore, a very complex disorder, and it is this very complexity which has led some recent researchers to question the accuracy of the disease concept of alcoholism...
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...| Disparity of Healthcare for AIDS/HIV Patients | Lana Iris English 12312/15/14 | Disparity of Healthcare with Patients with AIDS/HIV For the last thirty years AIDS/HIV has been a controversial topic, but more recently, the disease itself has not been controversial but the disparity in receiving proper care both in prevention modalities and active treatment for the disease. While the Obama administration has taken steps toward the elimination of these disparities through the National HIV/AIDS Strategy and Implementation Plan, there is still much work to be done. This brief highlights underexplored explanations for these disparities and outlines possible solutions to begin addressing them. Oftentimes, popular culture has offered unfortunately erroneous explanations for the stark racial disparate impact of HIV/ AIDS. The mass media, for example, has suggested that black men “on the down low” infect black women by secretly sleeping with male partners, acting as a bisexual “bridge” between gay and straight communities. But public health scholars have found little support for this theory. Many may assume that black people suffer from greater HIV prevalence because they are considered less sexually responsible than whites. Yet several studies have shown that black women and black men who have sex with men—the two groups most severely impacted by HIV/AIDS—have similar numbers of sexual partners and use condoms as often as their white counterparts. Thus, behavioral risk factors...
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...HIV/AIDS in the Deep South Melony C. Haynes Baptist College of Health Sciences Abstract This paper examined HIV/AIDS in the Southern Region specifically the Deep South. Fundamental Causes and Proximate Factors were examined to explain and understand the high cases of HIV/AIDS in the Deep South. Poverty, lack of access to health care, lack of education, and prison policies were the reasons examined to explain the high cases of HIV/AIDS in the south. Populations at higher risk and why they are at higher risk were examined. These populations were: drug users, prisoners, African Americans, and women who experience domestic violence. HIV/AIDS in the Deep South HIV/AIDS at one time was considered a death sentence. There was not much information about the disease, much less a cure for the disease. However, there have been many strides made over the years. More money, time, and resources have been provided for the research of the virus. The research has identified how the virus is contracted and spread, as well as how it affects an individual’s body. The research also identified prevention methods and the medication that can be taken to treat the disease. Since the first cases of the disease in the late seventies to current day, the life expectancies of individuals are improving. For example Irvin “Magic” Johnson a famous ex-basketball player announced twenty years ago he was HIV positive. Very few people expected him to live this long because at that time the...
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...Epidemiology Paper Ericka Williams NUR/408 October 5, 2015 Willadene Walker-Schmucker Epidemiology Paper According to A Dictionary of Epidemiology (2014), Epidemiology is the science that studies the causes, patterns and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. Epidemiology is an evidence-based practice that identifies risk factors and targets preventative healthcare. Epidemiology is a quantitative science built on the working knowledge of probability, statistics, and sound research. Epidemiology research looks at the population to see how many people are infected by the disease and study the disease over time to see if there is a change and what affects the disease have on our population. It is a tool used to promote and protect the public’s health. Steps and Methods of Epidemiology The steps and methods of epidemiology are routinely collecting data, epidemiologic data, and collecting data for other purposes these methods study health-related events. Routinely collected data can vary depending on time and region, this is data collected in a general population, such as births, deaths, and infectious diseases, (Stanhope & Lancaster 2012). Epidemiologic data uses surveys in specific populations to answer questions of concern and interest (Stanhope & Lancaster 2012). Data collected for other purposes is for research or investigative purposes within a region or area of interest (Stanhope & Lancaster 2012). Epidemiological triangle The...
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...and final exam ] Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwaid.com/shop/behs364-full-course-latest-2016-discussion-assignment-final-exam/ week 1 Please answer the following discussion question in at least 200 words. This question is based of the reading material assigned for this week. Also, respond to at least 2 of your classmate's discussion question responses. While answering the discussion question and responding to 2 of your classmates would give you full credit for this week, I encourage you to go above that and have numerous open conversations and dialogs with me and your fellow classmates beyond what is minimally required. Discussion Question One: In chapter 2 "A Brief History of the Supply Side" Cook discusses various trends related to alcohol consumption between the 1900-1930s. He also discusses the lessons of prohibition. For this weeks discussion question, discuss whether or not you believe prohibition was a success. Then, review the "Alcohol Facts and Statistics", which gives a more current view of alcohol related issues in the United States. What facts or statistics stood out or surprised you after reading it? Explain why. week 2 Please answer the following discussion question in at least 200 words. This question is based of the reading material assigned for this week. Also, respond to at least 2 of your classmate's discussion question responses. While answering the discussion question and responding to 2 of your classmates would give you full credit for...
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...helping motivation for change in client with alcohol dependence. For clarity purpose, key terms like MI and alcohol dependence shall be defined. The evidence of effectiveness of MI as a psychosocial intervention for alcohol dependence and policies underpinning the use as well as the strengths and weaknesses and ethical issues. This work will evaluate nurse’s role in providing care and treatment including health education and promotion by helping patients/client’s motivation for change. Through reflection on practise, the writer’s clinical placement practise experiences of working with alcohol dependent clients in the community shall be use for illustration. Name and place will not be mentioned due to patient’s confidentiality (NMC, 2008). In conclusion, recommendations will be made to improve practice. The aim of this work is to critically evaluate the effectiveness of MI as a psychosocial intervention in alcohol dependence. The rational and motivation for choosing to explore this topic is because of a particular interest in substance misuse nursing and experiences from using MI in the care and treatment of alcohol dependent clients. Alcohol dependence represents a major burden to the National Health Service (NHS) and the wider health and social care systems (alcohol concern, 2009, Cabinet Office, 2003). The Department of Health (2004) estimates that nationally, six percent of men and two percent of women can be classified as alcohol dependent. It is estimated that between 15,000...
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...A Literature Review of Tinnitus Andrew Folz Rockhurst University Abstract Tinnitus is the perception of sound within the human ear when no actual sound is present. Tinnitus usually interpreted as a ringing sound that varies in frequency and loudness. There are many causes of tinnitus along with symptoms that are caused by tinnitus. Millions of people, primarily men, are affected with chronic tinnitus that usually leads to hearing loss. This literary review of Tinnitus will cover a current, basic knowledge of tinnitus, possible causes of tinnitus, conditions that may cause tinnitus, experiments involving mice to discover new findings in tinnitus research, and possible treatments that are currently being studied. Tinnitus is the perception of sound within the human ear when no actual sound is present. Though often unrecognized, tinnitus affects millions of people worldwide. Tinnitus is one of the most common physical symptoms. It affects 10-15% of the population at some point in their lives (Holmes and Padgham, 2009). Derived from the Latin word, “tinnire,” which means to ring, tinnitus is commonly experienced as high-pitched noise with mechanical, electrical, or musical qualities. The underlying pathophysiology of tinnitus is unclear. It seems unlikely there is a single underlying cause, but tinnitus may accompany almost any auditory dysfunction. Damage to the middle ear, cochlea, audiovestibular nerve, and cerebral pathways between the cochlear nucleus and primary auditory...
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