...reality. We transform the world around us, give meanings to abstractions, and find order in a world programmed by disorder – chaos. We are prone to chaos, to nature, to the forces that influences and envelops reality. We conceptualize these omnipotent forces through our usages of symbols – to create an understandable world through abstractions – in order to explain what these forces are. Trying to find a single definition for chaos is impossible as chaos is the foundation of human knowledge and influences the creation of ideas, of thoughts and of intelligence. However, if we conceptualize reality through abstractions, are we denizens of reality or denizens of a realm of abstractions? Lewis Thomas, in his essay “Crickets, Bats, Cats & Chaos,” defines chaos as “total unpredictability and randomness” that nevertheless occurs when “when any complex, dynamic system is perturbed by a small uncertainty . . . [results in] an amplification of that disturbance and spread of unpredictable, random behavior throughout the whole system” (492). It is the apparent randomness, compilations of thoughts and sequences, which results...
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...entertaining of ourselves and others. As an active member of society one strives to be creative. Striving to be creative is striving to achieve innovative and complex stimulation and to communicate ideals and values with the public. Art is the most culturally universal and timeless form of creativity. Art has been the most prominent way of communicating emotion, ideals, values and entertainment for mankind over centuries. From intricate instructions on embalming to please the gods in Egypt, to Andy Warhol’s Campbell’s Soup advertisement style pop-art, every piece of art has a history and a story to tell. This story begins with Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, who are credited with fore fronting the avant-garde Cubist revolution. Abandoning the socially correct representations of objects, which blatantly depicted the actual appearance of said objects, Cubism reduced natural inspirations to their geometric equivalents and used varying planes to depict differing points of view according to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Cubism is best described by Jacques Lipchitz, a Cubist sculpture, “Cubism is like standing at a certain point on a mountain and looking around. If you go higher, things will look different; if you go lower, again they will look different. It is a point of view" (Cubism Movement, 2012). The key to truly understanding an art form is to know why it was created, or how it evolved. Cubism was a form of rebellion from the norm that existed for centuries. This norm was around...
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...bs_bs_banner Journal of Management Studies 50:2 March 2013 doi: 10.1111/joms.12008 Commodifying the Commodifiers: The Impact of Procurement on Management Knowledge Joe O’Mahoney, Stefan Heusinkveld and Christopher Wright Cardiff University; VU University, Amsterdam; University of Sydney ABSTRACT Current conceptualizations of the commodification of management knowledge prioritize the agency of knowledge producers, such as consultancies, but downplay the role of other actors such as intermediaries. Using a qualitative multi-method study of the role of procurement in sourcing consultancy knowledge, we demonstrate how intermediaries also commodify management knowledge, thereby limiting the exchange value of that knowledge. Through our analysis we develop a more sophisticated model of the processes and consequences of knowledge commodification. This model clarifies and extends prior research by highlighting the role of commensuration, comparison and valuation, as well as the related tactics that consultants and client managers use to resist procurement’s attempts to commodify management knowledge. Keywords: commodification, consumers, intermediaries, management consultancies, management knowledge, procurement INTRODUCTION The growth of the management knowledge industry over the last 50 years has resulted in increased research attention paid to the activities and impact of knowledge producers such as business schools, management gurus, publishers, and consultancies (see...
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...the quote states “We must not see any person as an abstraction. Instead, we must see in every person a universe with its own secrets, with its own treasures, with its own sources of anguish, and with some measure of triumph”. (Skloot, 2010). Once you’ve interpreted and understood this quote and then let it guide your reading you can see the many occasions in which Henrietta and her family were viewed as just abstractions, people without any value. Various ways the scientific community and the media are guilty viewing Henrietta and her family as abstractions. From the moment, Henrietta’s cells were removed from her body it was clear that none of the doctors or researchers had any value for her as a person because of the unethical way they went about obtaining what they needed for their research. Their perspectives become even clearer once Henrietta died. The news of her death reached Gey’s...
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...Fiol University of Colorado - Denver Drew Harris Fairleigh Dickinson University Robert House University of Pennsylvania Second revision February 1999 Please address all correspondence to: C. Marlene Fiol University of Colorado at Denver College of Business CB 165 PO Box 173364 Denver CO 80217-3364 303-556-5812 mfiol@castle.cudenver.edu CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP: STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTING SOCIAL CHANGE ABSTRACT Due to their unique relationship with followers, charismatic leaders can be powerful agents of social change. Current theories of charismatic leadership have emphasized primarily the personality and behavior of leaders and their effects on followers, organizations, and society. This emphasis fails to uncover why and how the charismatic leader-follower interaction can generate social change. Our study draws on theories of social meaning to develop a process model of charismatic leadership. Empirical exploration of our model suggests that charismatic leaders employ a set of consistent communication strategies for effecting social change. INTRODUCTION We have substantial evidence that charismatic leaders behave differently than non-charismatic leaders. Further, we know that charismatic leaders can generate radical social changes, and that the performance of charismatic leaders and their followers tends to exceed that of their non-charismatic counterparts. To date, however, we know very little about...
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...individuals and societies allocate their limited resources to try to satisfy their unlimited wants. * Sometimes people have unrealistic wants that a company cannot meet. * Scarcity= focus of economics (limited resources, unlimited wants) * Abstraction * Ignore many details to focus on the most important elements of a problem * The proper degree of abstraction depends on the objective of the analysis * Theory * Deliberate simplification of relationships whose purpose is to explain how those relationships work * Concern for policy that makes economic theory so necessary and important * If you have no idea how something works, how can you fix it? “Getting frustrated and hitting against the table is not the most logical approach.” –Dr. You need to know how things work, or else you can’t fix them. * If you don’t know how the economy works (theory), you cannot fix your company’s demise. * Correlation and Causality * Two variables are correlated if they tend to move together. * Correlation does not imply causation * Economic Model * A simplified, small-scale version of some aspect of the economy * Often expressed in equations, by graphs, or in words * Economics (repetition means something is important) * The study of how individuals and societies allocate their limited resources to try to satisfy their unlimited wants (repeated from above) ...
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...but that availability is not significant enough to convince long time bibliophiles to compromise their reading experience as they have come to know and love. Printed books have an experience, an impression, which a digital file simply cannot reproduce. Words printed on a page are a thing; they occupy a space in the book, they are verifiably there. The configuration of the eBook simply temporarily occupies a space on a screen, and once digitized back into storage it can no longer be said to exist in the same way. (Striphas 24) Words printed in a book have an inherent immortal nature. Regardless of the screen size, number of pixels, or memory capacity, there is no e-reader that could ever evoke such a feeling of permanency. Our current society is one that quite literally has a need for both immediate satisfaction and convenience. At some point, there seems to have been some sort of disconnect between an audience who genuinely appreciates art in all its forms, and those who have traded in their passion for a life of gadgets. Just as there is no comparison of viewing the Mona Lisa in the Louvre to viewing a digital image of it, perhaps even on the most sophisticated of computer screens, there is no substitute for the sensorial feeling of holding a...
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...alternative energy sources and storage mechanisms: * Biomass is the common name for organic materials used as renewable energy sources such as; wood, crops, and waste. In order to produce energy from Biomass, the organic matter must be burnt in some way. * Solar energy is the energy received by the earth from the sun. This energy is in the form of solar radiation, which makes the production of solar electricity possible. * Direct heating, which means converting concentrated sunlight into heat, usually to boil water, This has actually been patentedand commercialized since the late 1800’s, even for Small-scale home use. * Photovoltaic cells, which convert sunlight into voltage. These have been continually perfected over the last100 years as well and are becoming more efficient and cost-effective all the time. * Geothermal energy is power generated from natural steam, hot water, hot rocks, or lava in the Earth's crust. At approximately 10’ underground, temperature is a very constant 55°F warmer than ambient in the winter and cooler than ambient in the summer. Free energy. * Biodiesel combines vegetable or animal fats with alcohol to produce mono-alkyl ester. A subset of this concept is the conversion of fossil diesel engines to run on used vegetable oil from restaurants and industry – effectively, this kills two birds with one stone as disposal of used oil is a major problem in and of itself. * 1- Ethanol,...
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...Art theory 1 & History of Art and Design 1 Introduction to African Art Africa is a vast continent, with many cultures distinct from one another, so that various different styles can be identified. Sculpture While paintings and engravings are most frequently found in savanna areas, sculpture is most prevalent in the forests of West Africa, in particular the Congo Basin. Tradition is one manner in which a culture may be preserved. This is visible in a great deal of traditional African art. The preservation of one’s specific culture is a strong motivating force behind the production of African sculptures that are described as “tribal”. Because the art is meant to communicate the identity of a specific society, to promote the strength and longevity, such sculptures do not change their style very frequently. Therefore, artists work within a certain canon. This canon is determined by tradition, providing the artist with guidelines for the creation. It would, for example determine the proportions of the figure, its posture, etc. Such traditional sculptures therefore have developed a certain language: the viewer knows that certain parts mean certain things – e.g. lines on the face (scarification marks or tattoos) and the stylized hairstyle that specific society, etc. This specific language has been created over the decades, and allows the artist to communicate coherently. This coherent communication is vital, as art is intended primarily to fulfill a social function. It becomes a...
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...Civics Lab puts elementary and middle school students in virtual control of decision-making in their communities to encourage civic participation, critical thinking, and sense of place. In Civics Lab, players will assume positions of power in the community from an urban, suburban or rural perspective and explore how decisions-based on social need and demand, proper planning (as defined by our civic experts), political pressure, and most importantly, their imaginations-might impact the community. Through manipulation of real mapping information and current data sets, students navigate social and political pressures to explore the cause and effect of civic investment and public policy as they attempt to create a sustainable future for their region. The Proposed Civic Innovation Lab is a path-breaking model that will provide a common ground for Civil Conversation among citizens and decision makers and a highly flexible, interactive, and technology-rich space that will bring people together to seek innovative approaches to our challenges. The Civic Engagement/Innovation centre will be created by transforming existing space at the School from a rarely visited old mess into an innovative, interactive facility that will allow for small-group interaction as well as larger-group deliberations. This will be a unique technology rich space where people will come together to seek solutions of public challenges through: 1) Innovative processes that support emergent, fact -based solutions,...
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...#nextchapter A STUDY GUIDE TO PROGRAM OR BE PROGRAMMED: TEN COMMANDMENTS FOR A DIGITAL AGE BY JENNIFER HANSEN WILL LUERS SETAREH ALIZADEH DR. DENE GRIGAR A Study Guide for Douglas Rushkoff’s PROGRAM OR BE PROGRAMMED #nextchapter The following study guide aims to provoke further thoughts and extend the conversation surrounding Douglas Rushkoff’s book Program or Be Programmed: Ten Commands for a Digital Age. It has been created for a wide variety of readers––from high school to adults––and purposes––from book clubs to study groups. Rushkoff proposes 10 commands that are each based on one of the “biases” of digital media. In computer programming a “command” is a directive to a computer to perform a specific task. But Rushkoff’s commands are not directives for human behavior as much as a code of ethics that, like the 10 commandments of Judaism in what was a new text-based age, help us navigate a new age of computer mediation and abstraction. Digital technologies continue to increase the capabilities of mankind. These technologies, however, come with biases. If we aren’t aware of these biases, we’ll find ourselves at the mercy of the technology designed to serve us. While there’s still time, we must take matters into our own hands and learn to program! Rushkoff, Douglas, dir. Program or Be Programmed. 2010. Film. 31 Jan 2013 2 RUSHKOFF’S PRINCIPLE OF: I. TIME DO NOT BE “ALWAYS ON”. We live in a world dictated by time. However, to our digital devices, time is an unknown...
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...Karl Heinrich Marx Submitted to: Mr. Felipe Submitted by: Eugenio, Marquiel Ivan M. II-2BSBA Philosophy BIOGRAPHY Karl Heinrich Marx was one of nine children born to Heinrich and Henrietta Marx in Trier, Prussia. His father was a successful lawyer who revered Kant and Voltaire, and was a passionate activist for Prussian reform. Although both parents were Jewish with rabbinical ancestry, Karl’s father converted to Christianity in 1816 at the age of 35. This was likely a professional concession in response to an 1815 law banning Jews from high society. He was baptized a Lutheran, rather than a Catholic, which was the predominant faith in Trier, because he “equated Protestantism with intellectual freedom.” When he was 6, Karl was baptized along with the other children, but his mother waited until 1825, after her father died. Marx was an average student. He was educated at home until he was 12 and spent five years, from 1830 to 1835, at the Jesuit high school in Trier, at that time known as the Friedrich-Wilhelm Gymnasium. The school’s principal, a friend of Marx’s father, was a liberal and a Kantian and was respected by the people of Rhineland but suspect to authorities. The school was under surveillance and was raided in 1832. Education In October of 1835, Marx began studying at the University of Bonn. It had a lively and rebellious culture, and Marx enthusiastically took part in student life. In his two semesters there, he was imprisoned for drunkenness and disturbing...
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...Death (lynched figure above) presents the contorted figure of an African America man hanging from a rope supported by a rectangular armature. Its brutality of the form shocked critics at the time (1930s), particularly Henry McBride, who called it “a little Japanese mistake.” The offsetting critics of Noguchi’s sculpture were simply acts of justification in order to divert attention from the ethnic minorities who had important social messages to convey in the 1930’s. The fascination with modern abstraction after WWII turned the public eyes away from art that appeared to have social messages or overt ethnic connections. Art produced by Asian Americans and other minorities displayed such markers at the time and were overshadowed by the interest in abstraction. Noguchi confronted spectators directly with the horrific figure that emphasized the sadistic cruelty of the act. The sculpture of the lynched figure open our eyes to the racial issues going on, but an expression of the artist himself to show the agony many have to go through as a minority figure in the United...
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...english. The theme of love is very common in this period. He wrote before Shakespeare. Campion ”stole” it from Catullus. Rebirth of classical learning. The right place to go is to the source, the roman poets. During the renessance. English had to find itself, therefore it had to go look for inspiration abroad. The first time English could say this is ”our” invention. Homer – The Odyssey. James Joyce – Ulysses. They’re ”borrowing” a lot from the greeks and the romans. Milton is desperate to make english latin. We have got to be latin, if it’s not latin it’s not literature. The language comes really late into the game. English always tries to catch up. Languages comes from a conquerer taking a country and forcing his language onto the native language. English is a mishmash language. Grammar is also merged. The vikings/barbarians invaded England, and beat down all culture/cities/religion. They wiped out the latin culture. And settled. Anglo-saxon 450-550 AD. Britain becomes a series of tribal bands. Britain becomes ”aengland”. Britain becomes a country under a german people. G.M- Trevelyans comment on the Anglo-Saxons: In many respects the life resembles that of Homer’s day. Each was a free Heroic Age, wherein the warrior chief played his part unshackled. Even when Christianity and territorial feudalism were beinning to lay new restraints on the individual, Anglo-Saxon society had in it much...
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...perception of its being, and without perception, we would have no understanding of the world. Thus, reality exists outside of our human minds, and it is how we construct, through our senses, our surroundings and the roles we play within them that determine our beliefs, behaviors, and teachings. Through this lens, it is beneficial to view a society as a map, and its peoples’ practices, standards, and conduct as their means of direction, allowing them to transport to their designated place in society and perform tasks expected of them. However, a map only represents an abstraction of reality, portraying only the necessary points, lines, and information required to fulfill its purpose, and the directions used to travel this map are products of this abstraction. Similarly, people’s perception of the society they inhabit are abstract, and entirely dependent on the eyes of the perceivers; so, the norms regarding beliefs and behavior are also products of an abstraction, and can be adjusted in response to varying contexts. This assertion has arguably held true for all of time, and can help explain the indisputable relationship between religion, culture, and society that has materialized throughout history. In particular, the development and discourse of medieval Kabbalah is attributable to the cultural context of the medieval times, specifically in Southern France and Spain, and the Jewish people’s response to their perceived role and place on this particular map. These times were dominated by...
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