...Cultural Diversity “We must learn to live together as brothers or perish together as fools”-Martin Luther King Jr. With diversity rising in the United States different groups of individuals are beginning to learn how to peacefully co-exist. Our country has and is continuing to progress towards a more diverse and more accepting environment. Yet, with change comes positive and negative aspects. Throughout this course I have learned a multitude of information about such aspects that could help further the progress our country has made in becoming a more peaceful and diverse atmosphere. I have learned that others have had or witnessed similar experiences with diversity as I have. The information we have discussed throughout this course helped me realize that we as a country have come quite a long way since the ages of slavery, however while we have come a long way we still have quite more room to improve. While society is now more accepting of individual’s racism, prejudice, and discrimination still exist today and that is simply unacceptable. So, what I’ve learned about all ethnic and racial groups is that we all as individuals need to learn to see each other as individuals. We all need to make a change in order to see a change. If you take a look at the United States today you can already see that diversity in many areas is currently rising. If such a trend continues then I believe that nearly all areas of the United States will be quite diverse by the year 2050 and this country...
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...Barriers to Critical Thinking When thinking critically, it is impossible to say that many of us have not come to some kind of barrier in our thought process. Not to say that we cannot overcome them though. All of us have opinions and ideas on just about everything and anything. And those opinions and thoughts could be something that is ingrained in your very being or something you picked up along your path. Those opinions and ideas could be holding you back from thinking critically, even though you may not be aware of it. Though there are more barriers that inhibit critical thinking then I can count on my fingers and toes, some familiar and popular barriers one may face are egotistical thinking, self-serving bias, and of course, emotional influences. The Ego Defense “Ego Defenses are psychological coping strategies that distort reality in order to protect ourselves from anxiety, guilt, and other bad feelings” (Goodpastor & Kirby, 2007, Chapter 2). In other words, refusing to accept that one has faults at all. Denial is the base of our egotistical thinking. We deny what we do not want to accept or feel. As a result, one can become close minded and arrogant in their opinions. This does not promote critical thinking. Instead, quite the opposite is occurring. Without an open mind and acceptance, how could anyone absorb any new information or even give other individuals views a chance? In order to overcome using the ego defense, one has to get past their own fears and learn...
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...considerations and the patients diagnose. A behavior disorder can be characterized in many ways. The types of disorders include; anxiety disorder, disruptive behavioral disorder, dissociate disorder, emotional disorder, as well as pervasive development disorder and many others. (Health, n.a.) According to the Americans with Disabilities (2010) about 56.7 million people, or nearly 19 percent of the population had or has a disability. From 2005 up until 2010 there was a quiet an increase of 2.2 million individuals. (Bernstein, 2014). As we age the likelihood of having a behavioral disability increases. For instance in individuals who are 15 to 24, they have a one in 20 percent chance of having a behavioral disability, while individuals who are 65 to 69 have a one in 4 percent change. (Bernstein, 2014) As we age it becomes more difficult for individuals to do simple tasks, and many have mental issues that lead to a behavioral disorders such as Alzheimer’s. Approximately 2.4 million individuals have Alzheimer’s, are senile or have dementia. (Bernstein, 2014) There are different factors that can lead someone to develop or become behaviorally disabled, such factors as; a physical illness or being born with a disability, malnutrition through...
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...emotional needs (Slavin 2010). Theses educational principles are not a focus on the results but on the process of the child’s thinking (Slavin 2010). The first principle is discovery learning in which the children are encouraged, through spontaneous interaction with their environment, to discover for themselves (Berk 2014). The teachers provide a variety of activities designed to promote exploration instead of presenting ready-made knowledge (Berk 2014). They include playing dress-up, playing with musical instruments, art, puzzles, measuring tools, and table games (Berk 2014). The second principle is the sensitivity to children’s readiness to learn (Berk 2014). The activities introduced in this principle build on the child’s current thinking and challenges their incorrect ways of viewing the world (Berk 2014). But his view is that teaching new skills before the child is ready could be “worse that no teaching at all, because it leads to a superficial acceptance of adult formulas rather than true cognitive understanding”(Slavin 2010). The last educational principle is acceptance of individual differences (Berk 2014). In this principle Piaget’s theory assumes that at different rates, all children go through the same sequence of development (Berk 2014). Therefore, teachers must make a special effort to plan small group and individual activities because individual differences...
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...progress and behavioral change through analysis of written statements in reflection papers. The open-ended nature of the writing is intended to encourage self-directed reflection and expression of both feelings and thoughts. The categories represent major objectives of the Pathways to Leadership: Emerging and New Administrator Workshop* classified according to the Awareness—Acceptance—Action (AAA) paradigm of behavioral change as described by Mitstifer (1976). Awareness: Statements imply that persons have made attempts to discover who they are and what they wish to become. This is usually expressed in second or third person only. Acceptance: Persons made positive and/or consistent statements in the first person. Statements must show commitment and some decisions toward action. |Category |Examples | |Self-Awareness—Statements indicate participation in the |_____awareness—The way individuals handle issues affects others. | |evaluation of self. Persons reflect on their own thinking and |_____acceptance—I am beginning to examine my assumptions and | |reasoning and participate in advocacy and inquiry. |conclusions so that I can be more comfortable in advocating my | | |point of view. | |Relationships and Teamwork—Statements...
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...progress and behavioral change through analysis of written statements in reflection papers. The open-ended nature of the writing is intended to encourage self-directed reflection and expression of both feelings and thoughts. The categories represent major objectives of the Pathways to Leadership: Emerging and New Administrator Workshop* classified according to the Awareness—Acceptance—Action (AAA) paradigm of behavioral change as described by Mitstifer (1976). Awareness: Statements imply that persons have made attempts to discover who they are and what they wish to become. This is usually expressed in second or third person only. Acceptance: Persons made positive and/or consistent statements in the first person. Statements must show commitment and some decisions toward action. |Category |Examples | |Self-Awareness—Statements indicate participation in the |_____awareness—The way individuals handle issues affects others. | |evaluation of self. Persons reflect on their own thinking and |_____acceptance—I am beginning to examine my assumptions and | |reasoning and participate in advocacy and inquiry. |conclusions so that I can be more comfortable in advocating my | | |point of view. | |Relationships and Teamwork—Statements...
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... The lines that are taken out of the Tintern Abbey, he speaks about the light and darkness and describes them in certain ways. The “joyless daylight” (Wordsworth, 436) represents the truth and the light helps an individual see the truth. Sometimes the truth may not be what the individual wants to see and the darkness that he mentions represents hiding the truth from people and whoever the individual may be making them feel better. The symbolism he uses shows a grim type of romanticism that the period brings into sight. The next piece of literature would be the works from Leo Tolstoy. Like William Wordsworth, it shows a grim type of symbolism in the piece of The Death of Ivan Ilyich. The story gives symbolism that can be analyzed with the five stages of death developed by Elisabeth Kubler Ross. The different stages can be seen throughout the story showing symbols of him going through the stages denial, anger, depression, bargaining and acceptance. One of the key points that can be seen is the ending where he accepts his death with the line saying “In place of death there was light… What joy!”(Leo Tolstoy, 649). With the light symbolizing acceptance and the after life that the enlightenment period tried to steer away from to move towards and logical way of thinking rather than...
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...How do beliefs about the world and beliefs about what is valuable influence the pursuit of knowledge ? Introduction: The moment I was given this topic the first thing which came to my mind was the “Story of Buddha and Life Path of Gandhi” and questions related to their life. The so called once ordinary family man changed into Gautama Buddha inspired by few things which influenced his beliefs of the world and what is valuable to him. The same is the case with Gandhi who changed himself got influenced by a drama of “harichandra”.This proves to us two things ,one beliefs too keeps changing over a period of life span depending on one’s experience and two it has lots of influence in the pursuit of knowledge .But it is also debatable if human does this with intended purpose of knowledge or it just emerges based on myopic sight based on their own beliefs .In this essay I have attempted to ponder on few points above and try to narrow down to a logical outcome . Is Knowledge Intended? Whether in the path of life knowledge is intended or not is itself is biggest question for me today. If I ask an average human what your belief about your world is and what you value the most, the response would be may be good job, corporate life, family, money etc .Trust me I believe the knowledge is only a by-product of the path one chooses based on one’s own beliefs and I don’t think an average human intends to search for it.The path one chooses certainly depends on what one believes and trusts...
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...We are all born with unique differences that deserve to be accepted and loved. However, love and acceptance must first come from within. Unfortunately in today’s society physical and emotional health has been compromised for the sake of being socially accepted instead. Fulvio’s article “Food and Feelings” embodies the concept that healing begins with self-love and emphasizes the message that nobody’s opinion about your body should be more powerful than your own. Self-worth is not determined by social acceptance but rather self-acceptance. In today’s culture we are impressed with the belief that size is what determines beauty. These ideas start with the waist size of run way models and then are reinforced by the size 2 mannequins standing in department windows. Instead of having a positive effect on the perception of body image, it instead breeds unhealthy eating habits that deny the body necessary nutrients causing detrimental health damage for those who want to achieve this look. It is completely unrealistic that every person can be a size 2; as human beings we are all born with our own unique genetics that develop our individual size and shape. In the article “Discover the Art In You” by Stephan Boyle an image is shown of a female body that is rail thin wearing only short skin tight shorts with the words “UGLY, MUST BE SKINNIER, TOO BIG and SCARY” on the arms and legs and in bold black letters “NOT FLAT” written across the stomach area. This is a great representation of the...
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...Counseling:Applying Cognitive Therapy to the Case of Donetta | | | Background The theory of cognitive therapy resonates with me because of my personal belief in the power of the mind. It is my opinion that without the process of changing mindset, behaviors will not change. The mind has control over every single action and tells your entire being how to respond in every single situation. As stated in the Corey (2009) text, I believe that people with emotional difficulties often times tend to “commit characteristic logical errors that tilt objective reality in the direction of self-deprecation” (p. 288). Through my own therapy experience I came to understand the connection between my thinking, my feelings and my actions. I learned to identify distorted thinking, engage in realistic thinking, and to employ problem-solving and coping skills. This method helped me through my own difficult times and therefore I know it works and would like to help others through its use. View of Human Nature People possess faulty beliefs and maladaptive information processing (automatic thoughts) which can lead to cognitive distortions and depression (Chadwick, 1994). In cognitive therapy clients learn to identify these distorted cognitions through evaluation. Corey states (2009) that once clients gain insight into how these unrealistically negative thoughts affect them, their feelings, and behaviors; they can begin to “use their automatic thoughts to reach the core schemata and then begin...
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...The First Amendment protects our freedom of expression, religion. And right to press. In the texts “Texas v. Johnson” by William J Brennan, “American Flag Stands for Tolerance” by Ronald J. Allen and “My So Called Enemy” these explicit freedoms are shown and reflected to the very core. These freedoms are shown and reflected to the very core. The expression of difference of opinion is heavily conceived via the profound assertion of the First Amendment that is reflected by the “Texas v. Johnson” court case. And the acceptance of different cultures and different people whom are different to ourselves is seen in “My So Called Enemy”. We as human beings must be willing to acknowledge different cultures and opinions that may differ from our own and accept the fact that we as humans are one in the same. To begin with, we as human beings must be willing to acknowledge different cultures which there in, may be different from our own and accept the fact that we as humans are one in the same. Evidence of this is shown in the trailer “My So Called Enemy” when Inas, a Palestinian, looks over the fact that the girls she considers friends are Jewish. She...
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...Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT): Week 3 Assignment Lamar University Individual Counseling Theories CNDV 5311 Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy Rational Emotive Behavioral (REBT) theory was developed by Albert Ellis in the 1950’s. It is the first of the cognitive therapies and is considered a comprehensive theory of human behavior. The premise of REBT is that people contribute to their own psychological problems based on their firm beliefs that they maintain about situations and events. The thought is that our emotions come from our beliefs. Our beliefs are what influence how we construe events and ultimately can serve as a directive on how we respond to situations. Basic Concepts According to readings, humans have a capacity for happiness and growth; they also have a capacity for self-destructive behaviors. These are considered rational and irrational thought processes. While REBT’s premise is that people contribute to their own psychological problems, this therapy form does acknowledge that a client’s biological make up may also be a contributing factor to certain behavior and it is something that needs to be considered in the clients’ assessment. REBT’s objective is to get clients to a point of acceptance of themselves which includes accepting imperfections in themselves. In other words, they assist clients to begin to change their thoughts. The ABC (DEF) of the Feelings and Behaviors of clients is central framework to the theory and practice...
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...learn THREE MAJOR GROUPS OF LEARNING THEORIES BEHAVIORISTS PSYCHOLOGY COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY 1. BEHAVIORISTS PSYCHOLOGY Consider that learning should be organized in order that students can experience success in the process of mastering the subject matter, and thus, methods of teaching should be introduced in a step by step manner with proper sequencing of task. EDWARD LEE THORNDIKE Father of Modern Educational Psychology and Founder of Behavioral Psychology Connectionism theory of Edward Lee Thorndike believes that learning is the product of the connection between Stimulus-Response (S-R) or Association learning THREE FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF LEARNING (Connectionism) LAW OF READINESS – when an individual is prepared to respond or act, allowing him to do so is satisfying, whereas preventing him would be annoying LAW OF EXERCISE – constant repitition of a response strengthens its connection with the stimulus, while disuse of response weakens it LAWS OF EFFECT - learning strengthened if it results in satisfaction, but it is weakened if it leads to vexation or annoyance IVAN PAVLOV Russian Psychologist Classical Conditioning Pavlov’s experiment on reaction of the dog,who postulated that conditioning consists of eliciting a response by...
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...Axiological Theory - 1st draft The Axiological theory branches from the study of philosophy and derived from the Greek word axiā which is the study of the nature of different values, value judgments, aesthetics and ethics. Ethics is how a society generalizes as what is right and wrong. Aesthetics main concept is of nature and the appreciation of beauty and harmony. It studies two major fields which are the intrinsic and extrinsic value and because of this, the axiological theory can be further broken down into the subjectivism category. Formal axiological theory is an attempt to lay out principles in regards of value. The most common question to ask yourself in the axiological language is; "what is intrinsically good?". Hedonists view it as pleasure while a Pragmatist would see it as satisfaction, growth, or adjustment. Kantians generally think that intrinsically good means a good will. Humanists think self-realization is the key. Overall, there are many different viewpoints and all are correct because the relationship of value to fact is of equal importance. Philosophers would ask whether something is of value because that the object in particular is desired and subjectivists would ask whether something holds value because it's desired. Both values have a cognitive status and the difference is whether its valuable because it exists as a property or because humans have an interest or desire in it. Robert S. Hartman's research and mathematics is the foundation of Axiology...
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...An understanding of one’s self through different life experiences provides contentment and thus, engenders a sense of acceptance. Each person’s experiences, social acceptance and accountability, based on their unique emotional experiences, can alter our sense of affinity. Understanding nourishes belonging while a lack of understanding prevents it; this concept of belonging is evident in “Feliks Skrzynecki” from Peter Skrzynecki’s analogy “Immigrant Chronicle”, examines the consequences of a lack of understanding where estrangement poses a drawback. Belonging refers to the notion of having a sense of self, acceptance and validation as portrayed in Skrzynecki’s poem “St Patrick’s College” where a sense of allegiance to any place or people starts...
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