...Cost accounting goal is to assist managers in achieving the maximum value for their organizations. Measuring the effects of decisions on the value of the organization is one of the fundamental services of cost accounts. Providers of information = accountants Users of information = managers We want the value chain to be as efficient as possible Value chain goes from beginning to end (complete end/disposal) Managers evaluate value-added activities (activities that customers perceive as adding utility to the goods or services they purchase) to determine how they contribute to the final product’s service, quality, and cost. Financial accounting teaches us to prepare and interpret financial statements Cost accounting we understand how the individual stages contribute to value and how to work with other managers to improve performance. Cost accounting is for managers or internal users – the one who make decisions for the organization. They do not need comparisons instead only use information relevant for the decisions that managers operating in a business environment with a particular strategy make. Managers add value to the organization by the decisions they make. From a different perspective, accoun- tants (you) add value by providing good information to managers making the decision. The better the decisions, the better the performance of your organization, whether it is a manufacturing firm, a bank, a not-for-profit hospital, a government agency, a school club, or...
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...EXERCISES AND EXERCISES 30, 31 CASES, EXCEL, COLLAB., & INTERNET EXERCISES 52, 55 LEARNING OBJECTIVE LO1: Explain why accounting is essential for decision makers and managers. LO2: Describe the major users and uses of accounting information. LO3: Explain the role of budgets and performance reports in planning and control. LO4: Describe the cost-benefit and behavioral issues involved in designing an accounting system. LO5: Discuss the role accountants play in the company’s value chain functions. LO6: Identify current trends in management accounting. LO7: Explain why ethics and standards of ethical conduct are important to accountants. PROBLEMS A1, B1 28, 29, 33 39, 40, 42 55 A2, B2 32 45 53 41, 43 A1, B1 30, 31, 34, 35, 39, 42, 44, 46 36 54 A3, B3 37, 38 47, 48, 49 51, 52, 55 Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Prentice Hall. 1 CHAPTER 1 Managerial Accounting, the Business Organization, and Professional Ethics 1-A1 (10-15 min.) Information is often useful for more than one function, so the following classifications for each activity are not definitive but serve as a starting point for discussion: 1. Scorekeeping. A depreciation schedule is used in preparing financial statements to report the results of activities. 2. Problem solving. Helps a manager assess the impact of a purchase decision. 3. Scorekeeping. Reports on the results of an operation. Could also be attention directing if scrap is an area that...
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...Management Accounting To Count or Not to Count Principles of Accounting II ACC 206 Management accounting and those whole wear the title of Management Accountant play an extremely significant role in the success of any business, large or small. The growth, progression and future worth of a business relies solely on its financial status and the decisions made in direct correlation to that status. These decisions vary throughout the professional world however, they are vital in every arena. Though managerial accounting and financial accounting differ one from another, one cannot exist without the information of the other. Are management accountants simply “bean counters” whose sole purpose or job description is to decide which bean will actually sprout, take root, regenerate and result in a profitable return? How is the decision of what information should be considered made? How important is management accounting? How vital is the information provided by management accountants? To count or not to count, that is the real question. Management Management is defined as directors and managers who have the power and responsibility to make decisions to manage an enterprise. It is comprised of the interlocking functions of formulating policies set by corporations and the organization, planning, controlling, and directing the firm’s resources to achieve the objectives of the policy. The size of a firm’s management can vary from one person to hundreds or thousands of managers...
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...Sanders Jr. ACC350-1204B-01 Managerial Accounting Practices Instructor: Alice Sineath 26 November 2012 The functional goal of managerial accounting should be and is for business managers to a very clear snapshot picture of a company or business financial and statistical information. In turn this enables them to be more inform on how to properly do their job. The accounting system is the major information system in almost every company and it should provide information to three detrimental areas for varies important usage: 1. Internal reporting in which a manager uses to plan and control a company daily business functions. 2. Secondly, internal reporting helps to create future planning of different policies for a company 3. External reporting to all stock investors of the company, government, some interested outside entities, tax collecting or all used to make business decisions by people that are investors in the company. Accounting is the heart of any company and make or break it. Today the cost to be the boss or should correctly say cost analysis for business or company successful operation is called the management accounting. It covers the information of the company and what’s the accountant role is. The person that really governs the manager’s precise decision making is a management accountant. Their job is to breakdown and put together the reasoning behind the information that the managers are requesting, and ensures that it is of...
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...1.0 ABSTRACT Managerial Accounting is tools for business decision making. The use of management accounting information is a key for organizational success. This essay will explain on the importance of managerial accounting process in organization to successfully carrying out the day to day as well as long term activities and goals. First, it describes how the evolution and change in managerial accounting. Second, the essay looks at the role of managerial accountants. Third, it explains several function of managerial accounting that tend to contribute the adds value to organization. 2.0 INTRODUCTION According to the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants ( CIMA ), Management Accounting is defined as the process of identification, measurement, accumulation, analysis, preparation, interpretation and communication of information for both financial and operating used by management to plan, evaluate and control within an organization and to assure use of and accountability for its resources. The Institute of Management Accountants ( IMA ) defined Management Accounting is a profession that involves partnering in management decision making, devising planning and performance management system and providing expertise in financial reporting and control to assist management in the formulation and implementation of an organization’s strategy. Managerial accounting applies to all types of business such as service, merchandise and manufacturing. It also applies to all forms...
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...management accounting" has been coined by Simmonds and since then strategic management accounting has become a hot topic. Instead of a backward focus, strategic management accounting provides a long-term sight for organisations focus on the future. Gradually, the importance of the strategy implementation and strategic control systems has been realized and in fact there are numbers of mechanisms that have been designed to ensure entities are organized under the strategic management. For example, management accounting framework, the aim of which is to "capture the dynamics of the relationship between that strategy and control" (Eldenburg, Brooks, Oliver, Vesty, & Wolcott, 2010). These frameworks that are used for strategy and control, help management accounting collect more relevant information for decision makers. This essay will discuss the use of Ferreira and Otley’s performance management systems framework and Kaplan and Norton’s strategy map framework which is structured into two segments. The first with the concept of strategy and control and with the description of the relationship between strategy and control itself. The second, is the analysis of the influence of the two management accounting frameworks for decision making. From this essay, it is easy to find out how these frameworks strengthen the role of strategy and control and increase the quality of decision making by management accounting provide better information. To use these management accounting framework...
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... The Rule Accounting information in decision making Introduction In this day organization on business activity always face the problem including internal and external problem. Decision making be required for face the problem and make the organization get higher profit than before. One of the factors to support the decision making is the need for an adequate information system so that if there occurs an error in the company's policy, managers can make decisions quickly to address these issues. to obtain adequate information we need accounting information. Accounting information is a systematic connective issue in the presentation of useful information and can power to help leaders companies in an effort to achieve organizational goals that have been set previously. If accounting information connected with object information like product and companies activity it will generate accurate accounting information, It will help manager make right decision and useful for organizational behavior and human behavior in organization. Decision making divided into two, long-term decision and short-term decision. Long-term decision was made by manager can useful for one year or more. Example for long term decision are buy or rent a machine, buy machine with cash or credit, etc. short-term decision was made by manager, when that decision was made will directly affect for organizational or employees. Examples of short term decision are what products should the business make this year? How...
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...The Role of Accounting Accounting is often called “the language of business.” Why? Because it communicates so much of the information that owners, managers, and investors need to evaluate a company’s financial performance. These people are all stakeholders in the business—they’re interested in its activities because they’re affected by them. In fact, the purpose of accounting is to help stakeholders make better business decisions by providing them with financial information. Obviously, you wouldn’t try to run an organization or make investment decisions without accurate and timely financial information, and it’s the accountant who prepares this information. More importantly, accountants make sure that stakeholders understand the meaning of financial information, and they work with both individuals and organizations to help them use financial information to deal with business problems. Actually, collecting all the numbers is the easy part—today, all you have to do is start up your accounting software. The hard part is analyzing, interpreting, and communicating the information. Of course, you also have to present everything clearly while effectively interacting with people from every business discipline. In any case, we’re now ready to define accounting as the process of measuring and summarizing business activities, interpreting financial information, and communicating the results to management and other decision makers. Fields of Accounting Accountants typically work in...
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...Investopedia defines managerial accounting as the process of identifying, measuring, analyzing, interpreting, and communicating information for the pursuit of an organization's goals. The information that a managerial account has is primarily targeted to assist managers inside the organization to make better decisions for the company ("Financial accounting," ). On the other hand the financial accounting is greatly different in that it is a method of recording, summarizing and reporting the numerous amounts of dealings from an industry; as a result it makes available a precise representation of the business fiscal situation and performance. The most important objective of financial accounting is the planning of financial statements - including the balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement that condenses the firm's functioning presentation over a specific period, and financial position at a precise point in time. These statements - which are normally prepared quarterly and annually, and in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) - are aimed at external parties including investors, creditors, regulators and tax authorities ("Financial accounting," ). The key difference between financial and managerial accounting is that financial accounting is aimed at providing information to parties outside the organization, whereas managerial accounting information is aimed at helping managers within the organization make decisions. The job description of a...
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...Goal of Managerial Accounting http://edugen.wileyplus.com/edugen/courses/crs4637/rc/jiambalvo3341c... GOAL OF MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING LEARNING OBJECTIVE 1 State the primary goal of managerial accounting. Virtually all managers need to plan and control their operations and make a variety of decisions. The goal of managerial accounting is to provide the information they need for planning, control, and decision making. If your goal is to be an effective manager, a thorough understanding of managerial accounting is essential. Planning LEARNING OBJECTIVE 2 Describe how budgets are used in planning. Planning is a key activity for all companies. A plan communicates a company's goals to employees aiding coordination of various functions, such as sales and production.A plan also specifies the resources needed to achieve company goals. Budgets for Planning The financial plans prepared by managerial accountants are referred to as budgets. A wide variety of budgets may be prepared. For example, a profit budget indicates planned income, a cash-flow budget indicates planned cash inflows and outflows, and a production budget indicates the planned quantity of production and the expected costs. Consider the production budget for Surge Performance Beverage Company. In the coming year, the company plans to produce 5,000,000 12-ounce bottles. This amount is based on forecasted sales. To produce this volume, the company estimates it will spend $1,500,000 on bottles, $400,000...
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...(ABC) in onetime profitability studies to help them decide which products or customers to cut or keep. But ABC can be much more than a superior accounting technique that shows how much money individual products are really making or losing. When ABC is woven into critical management systems, it can serve as a powerful tool for continuously rethinking and dramatically improving not only products and services but also processes and market strategies. To use ABC in that fashion involves managing in a radically different way. And that, of course, means the people in a business—from the CEO to frontline workers—must change radically, too. No wonder so many companies have found activity-based management so much more difficult to implement than they had imagined. Thousands of companies have adopted or explored the feasibility of adopting ABC. However, we estimate that no more than 10% of them now use activity-based management in a significant number of their operations. The other 90% have given up, or their programs are stagnating or floundering. The problem is that managers often do not think of activity-based management as a major organizational-change program. It is. Combing the organization to pinpoint all the useful information about the direct and indirect costs of a product or service is a huge undertaking. So is setting up an information system that can track those cost-contributing activities and present them in formats that employees can use. Educating employees at all levels...
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...help reduce spoilage and better rotation of products. This will also review and bring together the accounts payable and receivable systems as well as payroll to the inventory system. The suggested system will bring together the inventory into the accounts payable and receivable processes currently in use. We will also explain the need to recreate Kudler’s inventory database because at this current time the system does not inform the company the quantity and the cost for each item that they have in their inventory. Decision and Rationale Kudler Fine Foods needs to update their current out of date accounting system. The current accounting system has four modules, including General Ledger Module, Accounts Payable Module, Accounts Receivable Module, POS Module, and Bank Reconciliation Module. Kudler currently uses an ERP known as Retail Enterprise Management System (REMS). The ideal situation would be to use this current system to its fullest capacity by purchasing additional software for necessary advancements. The REMS system has several modules currently not fully used by Kudler. Each module should interact with each other making the system a solid fit by reducing errors, increasing efficiency, and streamlining duties. After considering the options, the decision was made that the recommended course of action for Kudler Fine Foods is to purchase retail industry-specific accounting software. Upgrading the accounting software will provide better integration of the entire...
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...With the large number of firms and industries in the market and an investor’s ongoing desire to make knowledgeable and informed decisions, the necessity to ensure financial statements are easily conversed is imperative. To achieve maximum decision usefulness of financial statement information, corporations should follow a standardized reporting system that allows for comparability, reduces information asymmetry between themselves and their investors and follows a rule-based methodology. The information presented on the financial statements is only useful if it can enable investors to make more informed investment decisions. Fischer (1989) states that comparability is a fundamental characteristic of financial reporting and “without comparability financial reporting lacks usefulness in decision making” (page 9). In addition, Fischer (1989) also points out that to achieve comparability of financial reporting, accounting choice should be concentrated on one specific method or at most, a few limited methods (page 9). Beke (2010) argues that without standardized reporting, cross-border comparability would decrease which may result in distorting cross-border portfolio and direct investment (page 1). Beke (2010) is in favour of the financial reporting standardization as empirical research evidence shows that uniform standards “will increase market liquidity, decrease transaction costs for investors, lower cost of capital, and facilitate international capital formation and flow” (page...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: THE ROLE, HISTORY, AND DIRECTION OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING QUESTIONS FOR WRITING AND DISCUSSION 1. A management accounting information system is an information system that produces outputs using inputs and processes needed to satisfy specific managerial objectives. 2. The inputs of a management accounting information system are economic events. The processes transform the inputs into outputs and are such things as collecting, measuring, storing, analyzing, reporting, and managing. Typical outputs include special reports, product costs, customer costs, performance reports, budgets, and personal communication. 3. The three objectives of a management accounting information system are as follows: To provide information for costing out services, products, and other objects of interest to management; to provide information for planning, controlling, evaluation, and continuous improvement; and to provide information for decision making. 4. All organizations — manufacturing, merchandising, and services — must have a good management accounting information system. Management accounting concepts and procedures are not restricted to any one type of organization. 5. The users of management accounting information are managers and workers within the organization. Anyone internal to an organization is a potential user of management accounting information. 6. Management accounting information is used to cost out objects (for example, services and products) and to aid in...
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...The Importance of Managerial Accounting ACC206: Principles of Accounting II May 16, 2012 The Importance of Managerial Accounting Every business whether large or small has a need for an accountant. Accountants are expected to know about the business from top to bottom and are responsible for reporting numbers and figures on financial statements for outside as well as inside decision-makers. The type of accounting that reports to inside decision-makers is managerial accounting. Without this vital information reported by managerial accounting, the business will not be able to operate in a profitable manner. This will be a brief discussion about managerial accounting by answering a few questions such as; what is management accounting, what are the sources of data, and how are the data used to make management decisions, all reflecting in the importance of managerial accounting to any business. Managerial accounting provides vital pieces of financial information about a business’s operations to inside decision-makers allowing them to analyze the business in a more profitable manner. “Managerial accounting provides information to help managers plan and control operations as they lead the business” (Horngren, et al., 2012, p.775). Not only does managerial accounting provide the financial information, but it also “includes managing the company’s plant, equipment, and human resources” (Horngren, et al., 2012, p.775). All of these different departments of a business offer...
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