...which happens to be one of the largest food service companies in the world, the author of this paper will look into the concepts of various market entry strategies in comparison to business format franchising. This report will also look into various elements that will essentially be needed to be addressed. It will critically discuss the various aspects involved in franchising as a market entry strategy and focus on how business format franchising can assessed as an expansion strategy in contrast to other modes of entry. Contents A Brief Journey into the History of McDonalds 3 1.0 An Introduction to Franchising (Facts about Franchising) 4 2.0 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Business Format Franchising 5 2.1 Marketing Franchises Vs Marketing Standalone Enterprises 7 2.2 Brand Image Transformation – Maintained Brand Equity of Franchises 8 2.2 Franchise Marketing Mix Vs Other Entry Modes 9 3.0 Market Entry Methods 10 3.1 Direct Export & Indirect Exportation 10 3.2 Licensing 11 3.3 Contracting 11 3.4 Manufacturing Abroad 11 3.5 Joint Venture 11 4.0 Conclusions & Recommendations 12 Bibliography 13 List of Figures Figure 1 - Franchise Agreement Elements 4 Figure 2 – One of the Top Recognized Brand Image on the Planet 7 Figure 3 - Image Transformation 8 Figure 4 - 4 Ps Comparisons 9 Figure 5 - International Entry Modes 10 A Brief Journey into the History of McDonalds Back in 1940 when the brothers, Dick and Mac McDonald established their...
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...Instructor’s Manual Enterprise Resource Planning, 1/E CHAPTER 1: A FOUNDATION FOR UNDERSTANDING ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING SYSTEMS CHAPTER OBJECTIVES 1. Develop an understanding of how ERP systems can improve the effectiveness of information systems in organizations. 2. Understand the business benefits of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. 3. Understand the history and evolution of ERP. CHAPTER OUTLINE 1. A Foundation for Understanding Enterprise Resource Planning Systems a. The Emergence of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems 1. What is ERP? 2. The Evolution of ERP 3. The Integrated Systems Approach b. Business Benefits of ERP c. ERP Modules d. ERP Design Alternatives e. The Business Case for ERP 1. Cost-Benefit Analysis for ERP 2. Can ERP Provide a Competitive Advantage? f. The Challenge of Implementing an ERP System g. Summary ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS Questions for Discussion: 1. Use on-line library databases to identify articles in trade publications which provide case studies of ERP implementations. These articles may provide some insight into each of these questions. a. How widespread is the use of ERP across certain industries? b. What are the benefits reported from implementing ERP? c. What are its limitations? 2. Research and learn about the implementation of ERP. Use trade publications and on-line library databases (e.g. ABI Inform, ProQuest, First Search, Wilson Select Plus, available through...
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...“Islamic Accounting : Their Position in International Standard Harmonization” Rendy Anggita Putra “Islamic Accounting : Their Position in International Standard Harmonization” 1. Abstract According to (Susela, 1999) said the development of accounting theories is are affected by several factors including political and economic interests of certain people or group in community. Therefore, it can be also called if the accounting is a significant tool to illustrate the interests and perspectives of the various stakeholders. Islamic industry of finance has obtained tremendous growth in last few years, both in number of assets that manage by industry and in the diversity of financial products. A global system that can rule the industry will become significantly important for the Islamic finance sector in order to meet the needs of continued growth (Vinnicombe, 2012). Harmonization of Shari’a accounting standards has continue to be made by the AAOIFI as it is also done by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) for conventional accounting harmonization. In its development, financial reporting in Islamic accounting adds some different additional reports than conventional accounting to accommodate the unique transactions of Islamic economics. In that regard, this paper have objective to explore the main important values of Shari’a accounting and reporting standards of Islamic Accounting and try to find the answers of Islamic accounting positions among the process...
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...global strategy: the case of British Telecommunications (BT)", Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Vol. 22 Iss: 7 pp. 489 - 497 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/08858620710828863 Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by NANJING AUDIT UNIVERSITY For Authors: If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service. Information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.com With over forty years' experience, Emerald Group Publishing is a leading independent publisher of global research with impact in business, society, public policy and education. In total, Emerald publishes over 275 journals and more than 130 book series, as well as...
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...Draft Proposal on Impact Assessment of Urban Agriculture Research and Development in Nairobi By William Omoto Department of Research Development Nairobi Kenya 1. INTRODUCTION Background Kenya’s leading development challenges today include alleviation of poverty and environmental management in the context of rapid population growth and urbanization. Kenya’s population was 28.6 million people in 1999 and is expected to reach 43 million in the year 2020. According to the government statistics, the national level of absolute poverty increased from 44% in 1992 to 56% in 2002 (GoK 2002). Nairobi has registered the highest rate of urbanization (4.5%) with a population of 2.2m in 2000 projected to reach 3.2m in the year 2010. About 50% of people in Nairobi live below the absolute poverty line of Ksh. 2 648. As the urbanization trend continues, urban environments are deteriorating. Most of the urban poor are concentrated in the informal settlements where there are no infrastructure and services to address environmental problems and are engaged in urban agriculture. One of the biggest policy challenges today is the inclusion of environmental policy into urban policy. UPA can be an integral part of a set of policies for sustainable urban environmental management. Urban AF can play an especially vital role in waste management by transforming waste into food and fuel. Waste management approaches in place include waste collecting, sorting, treatment and recycling...
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...Nuances in Bulgarian business culture in comparison with the United Kingdom’s Course work in Cross-cultural issues in the European Human Resource Management Prepare by: Dimitar Arnaudov, Faculty number: 1523078 Course: European business and Finances Sofia, 2015 1. Differences between national cultures. Authors, studies, etc. 2.1. Culture (def.); Culture differences. 1.1.1 Culture – def.; 1.1.2 Culture differences. 1.1 Authors and studies related to business culture. 1.2.1 Geert Hofstede; 1.2.2 Famous studies around the World. 2. Similarities and differences between the business cultures of Bulgaria and the United Kingdom. 2.1. Bulgarian business culture; 2.2. British business culture in comparison to Bulgaria’s . 3. References. Differences between national cultures. Authors, studies, etc. Culture (definition) and culture differences Culture illustrates the accepted norms and values and traditional behaviour of a group. One definition of culture by Deal and Kennedy is “the way a we do things around here”. However, culture also evolves over time. The culture of each country has its own beliefs, values and activities. In other words culture can be defined as an evolving set of collective beliefs, values and attitudes. Culture is a key component in business and has an impact on the strategic direction of business. Culture influences management...
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...Analyst information intermediation – private and public information –and the central role of knowledge and social forces in economic processes in the ‘market for information’. John Holland, University of Glasgow, Jo Danbolt, University of Edinburgh, Lei Chen, University of Keele. John Holland, University of Glasgow, The Adam Smith Business School, University of Glasgow, Main Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland Abstract: This paper develops a model of the information intermediation role of analysts in the ‘market for information’ (MFI). It illustrates how the same type of ‘soft’ intangibles information changes as it progresses through analyst information intermediation processes. The latter concern: company disclosure; analyst acquisition and analysis of company information; analyst reporting processes; and market impacts. The common information concerns ‘soft’ or qualitative information about the company intellectual capital (IC) or intangibles in the company business model. Banks and bank analysts are used as examples. Knowledge, social and economic factors in the wider ‘market for information’ (MFI) are shown to be major influences on ‘soft information’ and how it changes in analyst information intermediation processes. Negative knowledge and social factors play a role in weakening and eventually destabilising economic processes in analyst and the MFI. They were important factors in creating knowledge and information problems in analysts and the MFI, both ongoing...
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...ZIMBABWE SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL (ZIMSEC) ADVANCED LEVEL SYLLABUS BUSINESS STUDIES 9198 EXAMINATION SYLLABUS FOR 2008-2012 2 BUSINESS STUDIES ZGCE Advanced Level 9198 CONTENTS Introduction Syllabus Aims Assessment Objectives Scheme of Assessment Curriculum Content Notes for Guidance Resource List PAGE 2 2 2 3 3 10 25 3 INTRODUCTION 1.1 The aim of this syllabus is to enable Centres to develop Business Studies courses that are suitable for Advanced Level candidates. The syllabus contains largely the same body of curriculum content as the Management of Business Advanced Level syllabus (9368) and AICE Business Studies syllabus (0128) which previously were examined by UCLES. Although no previous study of the subject is assumed by the syllabus, it would be recommended that students should have done 'O' Level Business Studies 1.2 1.3 2 SYLLABUS AIMS The syllabus is intended to lead to courses that will encourage students to: 2.1 2.2 Understand and appreciate the nature and scope of business and its role in society; Develop critical understanding of organisations, the markets they serve and the process of adding value. This should involve consideration of the internal workings and management of organisations and, in particular, the process of decision making in a dynamic environment; Be aware of the economic, environmental, ethical, governmental, legal, social, technological etc issues associated with business activity; Develop skills in:...
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...AN EVALUATION OF THE INTERNAL CONTROLS SYSTEM FOR CASH FOR THE CASE OF NAIROBI SMALL BUSINESSES BY CLEOPHAS MUSINGA A Management Research Project Submitted In Partial Fulfillment For The Requirements Of The Award Of Bachelor Of Commerce (BCOM), School Of Business, University Of Nairobi JULY, 2008 DECLARATION This research project is our own original work and has not been submitted for academic purposes in any institution of higher leaning. Name Number Sign CLEOPHAS MUSINGA D33/6646/05 ………………………….. This research project has been submitted for examination with my approval as the university supervisor Signed……………………………. Date…………………………………………. Mr. Abdulatif Essajee Lecturer University of Nairobi TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION i CHAPTER ONE 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background of the study 1 1.2 Statement of the problem 5 1.3 Objectives of the study 6 1.4 Research questions 6 1.5 Scope of the study 6 1.6 Justification of the study 7 CHAPTER TWO 9 LITERARURE REVIEW 9 2.1 Evolution of internal controls 9 2.2 Components of Internal Controls 12 2.4 Relationship between a firm’s age and internal control 18 2.6 Internal controls in small businesses 19 CHAPTER THREE 21 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 21 3.1 Research design 21 3.2 Population 21 3.3 Sample and Sampling Technique 21 3.4 Data collection methods 22 3.5 Data analysis 22 CHAPTER FOUR 23 DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 23 4.1 Introduction...
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... |L |T |P |C | |BA9101 |Statistics for Management |3 |1 |0 |4 | |BA9102 |Economic Analysis for Business |4 |0 |0 |4 | |BA9103 |Total Quality Management |3 |0 |0 |3 | |BA9104 |Organizational Behaviour |3 |0 |0 |3 | |BA9105 |Communication Skills |3 |0 |0 |3 | |BA9106 |Accounting for Management |3 |1 |0 |4 | |BA9107 |Legal Aspects of Business |3 |0 |0 |3 | |BA9108 |Seminar I – Management Concept |0 |0 |2 |1 | | |Total | | | |25 | SEMESTER – II |Code No. |Course Title |L |T |P |C | |BA9121 |Operations Management ...
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...CURRICULUM OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION FOR BBA, BBS, MBA & MS HIG HER EDUC ATIO N CO MM ISSION (2012) HIGHER EDUCATION COMMISSION ISLAMABAD 1 CURRICULUM DIVISION, HEC Prof. Dr. Syed Sohail H. Naqvi Mr. Muhammad Javed Khan Malik Arshad Mahmood Dr. M. Tahir Ali Shah Mr. Farrukh Raza Mr. Abdul Fatah Bhatti Executive Director Adviser (Academics) Director (Curri) Deputy Director (Curri) Asstt. Director (Curri) Asstt. Director (Curri) Composed by: Mr. Zulfiqar Ali, HEC, Islamabad 2 CONTENTS 1. Introduction……………………………………...........6 2. BBA Programme....................................................11 a. Structure of BBA Programme..……………....12 b. Layout for BBA Programme..........................13 c. Semester-wise Breakup for BBA…...............14 3. Bachelor of Business Studies (BBS)......................15 4. MBA Programme....................................................16 a. Structure of MBA Programme........................17 b. Semester-wise Breakup for MBA...................19 5. MS in Management Sciences................................20 a. Structure of MS Programme...........................20 b. Eligibility for Non-business Degree Holders...21 6. Roadmap for Business Education…………............24 7. BBA Course outlines...............................................25 a. Compulsory Courses for BBA...…….…..........25 b. Foundation Core Courses...........…....…....... 41 c. Major Core Courses........................................59 d. Major...
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...system of appraising and evaluating employees’ performance to gauge and measure productivity in work- related situations and operation. This work will try to seek a thorough discussion on the topic “Performance Management can be a useful tool to align company objectives and individual objectives. This results in successful operations.” A vast methodology of research has been done to find a correlation between theories and practices including examples. Literature reviews have been made in order to arrive at a definitive conclusion about the above-mentioned topic. This paper shows an in-depth analysis of the factors affecting Performance Evaluation system and likewise the underlying need for organizations to have a robust performance management system in place. The different Performance measurement systems were discussed to show the relevance of such in achieving organizational strategic goals. To further illustrate the points, data and information were derived from different sources. Sources of information from vast outlets are used to identify and to make a thorough comparison of different criteria that organization use. 4 II. Performance Management Organizations began using Performance Management around 60 years ago with the main intention of determining employee’s wage based on individual work performance. It was also...
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...Contents Executive Summary 2 General Information 3 Product Overview and Economic Justification 4 Risk Assessment and Mitigation 5 Marketing Plan 7 Marketing Mix 7 Application Development Plan 8 Application Development 8 Timeframe 8 Questions and Approach ……………………………………………………………………….…9 Summary 9 Conlusion 9 Bibliography 11 Appendix A – Crime Rates Comparison 14 Appendix B – SWOT Analysis 14 Appendix C – Estimated Costs 15 Appendix D – Estimated Revenues 15 Appendix E – The LawAssist Working Process 16 Appendix F – Implementation Process 17 Appendix G – Implementation Plan 17 Executive Summary In today’s world, technology is moving at an incredibly fast pace. Industries such as healthcare, retail and finance have all implemented one or another form of modern technology. Out of the many advancements in the past decade, the most significant is cognitive computing. Defined in simple terms, cognitive computing refers to a computer system that is modeled after the human brain (Cognitive Computing). Such a computer system has the ability to naturally communicate with humans and assist them in their everyday lives. Today, IBM’s Watson cognitive computing system presents this technology thoroughly. Thus, the technology provided by IBM will be used to further develop new databases. The LawAssist, Law Assistants Co.’s most recent development, acts as a tool to criminal lawyers that...
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...Journal of Management and Social Sciences Vol. 5, No. 2, (Fall 2009) 180-194 The Role of Leadership in Human Resource Management a Comparative Study of Specific Public and Private Sectors in Pakistan Akbar Ali * Dean, Multi Disipline, Degree Program NUST, Karachi ABSTRACT The fundamental problem of this study was to examine "The role of leadership in human resource management through comparison of public and private sectors in Pakistan" by evaluating the leadership in ten competencies. The sample was 115 leaders (assesses) which were assessed by 520 respondents (assessors) belonging to Airlines, Hospitals and Banks from both Public and Private Sector. Each of the manager / leader was evaluated by using 360 degree feed back assessment questionnaire. Statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS statistical package. Outcome of this study pointed that there were statistically significant difference among score of leadership between Private and Public Sector organizations. The conclusion of the study indicated; a) Leadership at Private sector is performing better than Public Sector. b) The leadership score of private sector bank was significantly higher to public sector bank. c) The leadership score of private sector hospital was significantly higher as compared to the public sector hospital. d) The leadership score in public sector airline was significantly higher to the private sector airline. The findings also indicated to call upon Pakistani leaders at public...
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...in customer complaints. The problems are analysed in light of a diverse range of theories and scholarly views regarding the impact of potential factors on organisational performance and profitability foresights. Through theoretical and empirical research, the authors have focused on leadership styles, and the cultural and societal values to analyse the problems at The Regency Grand Hotel. The analysis undertaken brought about a wider and clearer image of the situation both as a whole (macro) and in terms of dissected attributes (micro). The macro problem revolves around cultural differences and imposition of a participative leadership style that did not associate with the socio-cultural dimensions of the organisation. In essence, the case study lead to a common platform entitling that cultural backgrounds and societal factors are the most important factors to be considered before enforcing any managerial strategy. Moreover, a certain level of hierarchy is quiet indispensable in organisations where highly scattered responsibilities are prevalent, which can lead to uncertainty and consequently might turn out to be detrimental for the performance and profitability of the organisation. Our long term strategic recommendation is to introduce task-oriented structure, change to Autocratic leadership style and implementation of an employee incentive program in The Regency Grand...
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