...convinced by Tange’s (2005) position regarding cultural adaptation? In the new global economy, the model of cultural acculturation proposed by Hanne Tange has become a central issue that concerns international business about sojourner adaptation into foreign society. Author points out that by recalling sojourners to their own country without completing the process of acculturation into the host culture will lead to the loss of obtained intercultural experience that is significant resource for profit of international business. The process of cultural integration is divided into three stages: the arrival in a new country, the two-year crisis and the intercultural phase. The purpose of this essay is to review recent research into multicultural business communication that has been presented by Hanne Tange in 2005, assistant professor in School of business. The author’s aim is to argue Lysgaards U-curve model that has been conducted in 1995 in relevant field among Norwegian Fulbright students in the United States of America, that has been most cited in cultural adjustment researches. The research examines the process of cultural integration of sojourners into the host country, particularly among seven Scottish immigrants in Copenhagen. The approach taken by Tange provides the opportunity to examine the immigrants’ experience in the host culture in a qualitative research framework. The methodology has a number of attractive and controversial features. First of all, the number of respondents...
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...Influence of Social Networks on the Acculturation Behavior of Foreign Students1 Tsung-chi Kenny Hsu Department of Radio/TV/Film, The University of Texas at Austin August E. Grant Department of Radio/TV/Film, The University of Texas at Austin Wei-wei Huang Department of Mass Communication, Fu-jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan Cross-cultural communication scholars have looked at effects of interpersonal communication and both ethnic and host mass media uses on the acculturation behavior of immigrants for a long time. The present study employs an important network analysis concept, the social influence of alters on ego, in the field of cross-cultural communication. Using measures of alters' acculturation, English- and ethnic-language media uses, and years of residence in the U.S., a model is proposed and tested upon a sample of international students from a college campus. The results indicate that the alters' acculturation plays a central role in the pattern of relationships. INTRODUCTION To answer questions such as "what happens when individuals move from one culture to another" and "why are some immigrants more successful than others in adapting a new environment," social scientists have long employed the concept of acculturation to explain the process through which immigrants adapt themselves to the norms and values of the host culture (Gordon, 1964; Padilla, 1980; Gudykunst & Kim, 1984; Kim, 1977, 1988). The immigrant acculturation experiences have been examined from...
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... it becomes the basis of a tug-of-war for Lia’s life between her doctors and her parents resulting in Lia’s vegetative state. Fadiman uses this conflict as the reflection of the conflict between Western and Eastern medicine and inability to find a compromise in general due to the cultural differences. The author succeeded to represent colliding of the cultures through the characters such as Dang Moua and in the same time to represent primitive culture, unable to compromise, through Foua and Nao Kao. Lia’s condition signifies the result of the conflict and inability to fully understand different cultures and their customs and tradition. Topic #1: In this paper I will discuss the acculturation of Hmong people in United States and how this process takes place based on the previous research and investigations. Acculturation is a process of adjusting to and adopting the culture different from your own (Matsumoto, 2007). Usually, immigrants and ethnic minorities are facing this process since they are changing either the environment they live in or the life style they were having in the culture they were...
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...RUNNING HEAD: ASIAN AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS Cultural Paper Asian American adolescents are a culture group, counselors seldom acknowledge in the counseling interventions. Asian Americans are faced with mental illness due to high academic achievement and refugee status. As counselors being culturally competence to Asian Americans can help assist them with their mental devlopement. They are a very distinct ethnic group that should be considered in the counseling profession. Asian Americans differ in methods and time of migration, language, social class, and religion. Many Americans still believe that the United States is the melting pot for all cultures not showing concern for cultures such as Asian Americans, which may find it to be difficult when integrated with other cultures. Counselors must understand the pressure that is place upon cultures, such as the Asian Americans when forced to integrate to the dominant culture. The United States is considered a free place for choosing the religion in which an individual wants to practice, but yet it seem rather biases against the Asian American populations. Counselors can help give back to Asian Americans what has been taken away from them for many years (religion). Due to counselors’ lack of knowledge and awareness of Asian American adolescents this culture is forced to integrate with the dominant culture, which may not be of their preference. The population of this group is growing...
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...This paper presents a model of second language acquisition based on the social‐psychology of acculturation. The model maintains that certain social and psychological variables cluster into a single variable, acculturation. The model predicts that learners will acquire the target language to the degree they acculturate to the target language group. Six studies that, in various, ways seek to test the Acculturation Model are reviewed and evaluated. Technical problems that affect such research are discussed, and the current status of the model is assessed. The extent to which form-focused instruction contributes to the acquisition of second language implicit knowledge is controversial. Whereas Krashen (1993) has argued that the effects of FFI on acquisition are peripheral, N. Ellis (this issue) sees FFI as facilitative and even necessary for developing implicit L2 knowledge. This article examines the role of FFI in developing implicit knowledge by reviewing 11 studies that have examined the effect of FFI on learners' free production. The review suggests that FFI can contribute to the acquisition of implicit knowledge and points to two variables that appear to influence its success—the choice of the target structure and the extent of the instruction. FFI involving extensive instruction directed at “simple” structures was more likely to succeed. However, limited instruction directed at complex structures also proved effective, provided that the target structures are readily available...
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...immigration of their parents who in most cases stake their hopes for future on the success of their children. Perceiving the sacrifices that are made by parents, seemingly on their behalf, not any amount of guilt toward their parents touches the children and drives their motivation to obtain a dynamic which in turn can offer the immigrant parents some level of psychological control over their offspring. Growing up in the immigrant families is usually marked by discordant acculturation, when the children’s learning of new ways and simultaneous loss of immigrant culture outstrips that of parents. When this occurs, linguistic and cultural gaps among them can exacerbate the intergenerational conflicts; make the children feel ashamed of their parents as they attempt to blend with the native friends, and lead to reversal roles, as the children take up adult roles earlier by dint of situations. All families of immigrants must contend with “stress and storm†adolescence and “generation gapsâ€, and the acculturation to new society. This is often a conflictive and complex process that is full of fault lines that are non-reducible to simplistic elaborations of parental pressure or peer pressure. Nevertheless, at the heart of the matter is the relation between children and their immigrant parents, and contradictions which are engendered in the process. The intergenerational relations among the immigrant families are shaped and managed with divergent frameworks of incorporation and...
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...immigration of their parents who in most cases stake their hopes for future on the success of their children. Perceiving the sacrifices that are made by parents, seemingly on their behalf, not any amount of guilt toward their parents touches the children and drives their motivation to obtain a dynamic which in turn can offer the immigrant parents some level of psychological control over their offspring. Growing up in the immigrant families is usually marked by discordant acculturation, when the children’s learning of new ways and simultaneous loss of immigrant culture outstrips that of parents. When this occurs, linguistic and cultural gaps among them can exacerbate the intergenerational conflicts; make the children feel ashamed of their parents as they attempt to blend with the native friends, and lead to reversal roles, as the children take up adult roles earlier by dint of situations. All families of immigrants must contend with “stress and storm” adolescence and “generation gaps”, and the acculturation to new society. This is often a conflictive and complex process that is full of fault lines that are non-reducible to simplistic elaborations of parental pressure or peer pressure. Nevertheless, at the heart of the matter is the relation between children and their immigrant parents, and contradictions which are engendered in the process. The intergenerational relations among the immigrant families are shaped and managed with divergent frameworks of incorporation and reception...
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...immigration of their parents who in most cases stake their hopes for future on the success of their children. Perceiving the sacrifices that are made by parents, seemingly on their behalf, not any amount of guilt toward their parents touches the children and drives their motivation to obtain a dynamic which in turn can offer the immigrant parents some level of psychological control over their offspring. Growing up in the immigrant families is usually marked by discordant acculturation, when the children’s learning of new ways and simultaneous loss of immigrant culture outstrips that of parents. When this occurs, linguistic and cultural gaps among them can exacerbate the intergenerational conflicts; make the children feel ashamed of their parents as they attempt to blend with the native friends, and lead to reversal roles, as the children take up adult roles earlier by dint of situations. All families of immigrants must contend with “stress and storm†adolescence and “generation gapsâ€, and the acculturation to new society. This is often a conflictive and complex process that is full of fault lines that are non-reducible to simplistic elaborations of parental pressure or peer pressure. Nevertheless, at the heart of the matter is the relation between children and their immigrant parents, and contradictions which are engendered in the process. The intergenerational relations among the immigrant families are shaped and managed with divergent frameworks of incorporation and...
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...Name: Course: Tutor: Date : Comprehending the experiences of Chinese International Students at a Canadian University: Viewpoints, Prospects, and Experiences 1. Background information Recently, the number of global students coming to Canada has been increasing quickly. In 2007, more than 60,000 global students came to Canada, "speaking to a 4.6 percent increment over the earlier year" (Citizenship and Immigration Canada, 2008). In the same way as other colleges in Canada, the University of Windsor has likewise been drawing in an expanding number of worldwide students of late, and the number of inhabitants in universal students from China includes one of the greatest groups of global students at the University. At the time of information gathering, around 400 universal students from China were enrolled in the undergraduate and graduate programmes, which is pretty nearly 27 percent of the worldwide students’ populace of the University. It is vital for the college to obviously see how dedicated these students are with their learning and backgrounds, as this data might straightforwardly influence the enrollment and maintaining of foreign students. We learnt from reliable sources that numerous Chinese foreign students at the University of Windsor are encountering different difficulties. Our conference with staff at the International Students Center at the University affirmed this announcement taking into account their perceptions, saying that one of the significant difficulties...
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...students in the United States have been largely ignored. The purpose of this paper is to discuss education issues regarding this student population . Topics covered include: admission, language and cultural adjustment, learning experience, practicum and internship, thesis and dissertation, reentry, and recommendations for future research . Many counseling psychology education programs in the United States are committed to increasing diversity in their student body by recruiting students from different demographic backgrounds (e .g ., sex, age, geographic location, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, physical disability, etc .) . Some programs are more successful than others in this effort . However, a diverse student body also demands special attention in education programs . It is obvious that students from different backgrounds may have different needs and concerns . Unfortunately, some programs tend to treat everybody the same way with limited assistance for the professional growth of students from diverse backgrounds . International counseling psychology students in the U.S . are among those whose needs and concerns are largely ignored . International students constitute a significant portion of the student population and they certainly contribute to diversity in counseling psychology by bringing in different cultures, backgrounds, philosophies, conceptualizations, counseling skills, and research ideas and skills . However, cultural differences also lead to unique education...
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...Roevee Tisoy HCOM 320 Research Paper Topic: Comparing High Context (Asian) and Low Context (Western/American) cultures' emphasis on family. The word 'family' holds a different meaning for everyone and depending on how they were raised, some people may put more of an emphasis on family than others. Another factor that contributes to how people feel about family and how much emphasis they place on things such as respect, familial roles, and family duties is their culture. Different cultures emphasize the importance of different things in society, family matters, and personal affairs. The purpose of this research paper is to compare the idea of family between a high context and a low context culture, particularly the Asian Cultures and Western Culture. Topics that will be covered include a brief overview of family, the types of family systems, family roles, parent-children relationships, and communication in between family members. Family is defined in the course textbook as "the fundamental communication system in all cultures"(Ting-Toomey & Chung, 2005, p. 87). From a very early age, children learn to look up to their adult role models (ie. Parents, Aunts, Uncles, and Grandparents), and in doing so they learn what to value and appreciate. The course textbook briefly describes a "family socialization process" (Ting-Toomey & Chung, 2005, p. 88) through which children learn to understand issues such as boundaries, power dynamics, and authority issues. In the high...
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...Department of Sociology Course Outlines for BA Sociology (Elective) Marks Paper A: General sociology Paper-B: Sociological Theory, Research and Social Problems Grand Total: 100 100 200 PAPER-A GENERAL SOCIOLOGY Note: All topics should be covered in the context of Pakistani Society. 1. a) b) c) d) 2. Introduction Definition of Sociology. Subject Matter. Relationship of Sociology with Other Social Sciences. Utility and Application of Sociology. Social Groups a) Types of Groups (Primary and Secondary Groups, in groups, Out-groups, formal Groups, Informal Groups. b) Distinction between social groups and social categories. c) Other related concepts (Reference Groups, Locality Groups, Society) Social Interaction a) Definition. b) Importance of social interaction. c) Process of Social Interaction (cooperation, competition, conflict, Assimilation, Accommodation and Acculturation). Social Norms a) Definition b) Types of social Norms (Folkways, Mores, (Amar-o-Nahi), Laws c) Other related concepts (Deviancy, Social Control, Social Sanctions, Taboos, Values and Beliefs) Status and Role a) Definition b) Types of Status and Role (Achieved and Ascribed) c) Related concepts (Role Conflict, Role Playing) Culture Definition Elements of culture(traits, patterns, complexes, ethos) Types of culture (Non-material and material, ideal and real Cultural Uniformity and Cultural Variability Other related concepts (sub-culture, cultural relativism, Ethnocentrism) 3. 4. 5. 6. a)...
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...Professor Liu ASIAN 231 Research Paper The life of a Chinese American Growing up in a country where you are a minority amongst many other minorities can be difficult. This can cause many mental illnesses to the families and the individual itself. The United States is a country with many minority groups, one of which includes Chinese Americans. I know myself that it’s hard living in a place where there is racism and stereotypes about Chinese people, since I have been through this. The Chinese community is one of the fastest growing communities in the United States. The Chinese first came to the United States in the middle of the nineteenth century. The reason why they left their home country was due to high taxes, peasant rebellions, family feuds, and poverty. The reason they came to the United States during that time was because of the California Gold Rush and a better economic opportunities. But because there were so many Chinese coming, the people of the United States developed xenophobia (a fear of people from other countries). So 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was put upon. But many years later, Chinese Americans were able to slowly to come back into the United States. Living in a different country can be very difficult. Especially if you are a parent trying to raise your children. This can cause a lot of stress because they have to work really hard in order to provide for their family. In “Chinese American Parents’ Acculturation and Enculturation, Bicultural...
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...Alcohol Consumption in College Incomplete Paper Alcoholic beverages such as beer can cause problems for many people throughout life, but for college aged people alcohol can cause the worst. In college most people are being out on their own for the first time ever and having that freedom they have never had. Some problems caused by alcohol in college are, missing an assignment or class, or even death. Drinking a beer a day has been found healthy, but in college that is never the case. Not that everyone drinks or everyone drinks a lot but there is always that select group that will drink more nights out of a week than not. And when that group drinks they drink heavily in order to be drunk. Problems occur with many people who do drink very heavily because it impairs their ability to get things done for many hours including the ones when drinking and after. A student may not attend class the day after drinking because he or she may be to sick or just exhausted from the drinking the night before. After the student skips the first one it becomes easier and easier to skip classes, therefore it is more likely to happen over and over again. Also when skipping classes a student can miss anything from an important lecture to a test which can really hurt their grades. The final big issue is the number of students who die every year from alcohol poisoning. Alcohol poisoning is caused by excessive amounts of alcohol in the body...
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...Part A: Literature Review Abstract Economic liberalization triggers many local and international organizations to expand their business along with establishing their reputation globally. As to expand internationally, expatriation process is necessary for a company to establish themselves successfully internationally. One of the biggest challenges that companies are facing nowadays is the poor selection and development of expatriates. This paper is intended to discuss on those expatriation issues and the recommendations for the company to overcome those issues. In the first part of this paper, the literature review of the expatriation is discussed and the second part will be covered on the recommendations that are derived from the limitations that were identified from the literature review in part one. 1.1 Expatriation Due to the increasing business activities in today’s world, it is just not enough for a company to be successful in the national market only. Due to globalization, there have been many international investments and mergers and acquisitions. This globalization requires the companies to reflect on new measurements or estimations to stay focused and remain competitive in the global market such as the importance of knowledge transfer and international management development. This means the expatriation and expatriates have become a formula for every international management and companies that are looking forward to achieve their success in the global market (Nikolaeva...
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