...12 (2011) 364–368 LiM 2011 Laser Additive Manufacturing and Bionics: Redefining Lightweight Design C. Emmelmanna, P. Sanderb, J. Kranzc*, E. Wyciska Laser Zentrum Nord GmbH (LZN), Harburger Schlossstr. 6-12, 21079 Hamburg, Germany b Airbus Innovation Cell, Kreetslag 10, 21129 Hamburg c Institute of Laser and System Technologies (iLAS), Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Denickestr. 17, 21073 Hamburg, Germany a Abstract New layer wise manufacturing technologies such as Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM) allow innovative approaches to product design. Especially for lightweight design in aircraft applications LAM offers new possibilities for load-adapted structures. However, to fully capture lightweight potential of LAM technologies new design guidelines and processes have to be developed. A novel approach to extreme lightweight design is realized by incorporating structural optimization tools, bionic structures and LAM guidelines into one design process. By consequently following this design process designers can achieve lightweight savings in designing new aircraft structures. Keywords: Additive Layer Manufacturing; Laser Addative Manufacturing; Selective Laser Melting; light weight design; bionic design; structural optimization 1. Motivation In addition to already existing American competitors, a rising number of internationally acting companies from Far East and Russia lead to a steadily increasing pressure of cost efficiency and innovation in the European...
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...Assignment 1: Great Lakes: Great Decisions Kimberly Ortiz Professor McGrath BUS499: Business Administration Capstone April 14th, 2012 Assignment 1: Great Lakes: Great Decisions Perform an analysis of the Social/Demographic, Technological, Economic, Environmental/Geographic, and Political/Legal/Governmental segments to understand the general environment facing Great Lakes. Describe how Great Lakes will be affected by each of these external factors. Social /Demographic Segments: Entering into different areas of the world will affect Great Lake’s Social and Demographic strategies, it is more than extremely important that they make the right decisions based on what is needed in the area and by the inhabitants. Different people from different countries and cultures use products inversely; the misuse of a product could have a major impact on the health and welfare of a society. There needs to be an understanding of how their product will be used. Demographics show that the underdeveloped countries who are mostly using the TEL. Great Lakes will be affected by the limitations they have in helping the people in these regions obtain the product that they specifically seem to produce for them (Hitt, Ireland, & Hoskisson. 2011). Technological Segments: The only technological aspect that is an issue for Great lakes is the ability to reach out to underdeveloped countries successfully and spread their product to those that would seem to be in the most need for it. With developed...
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...1. The variance analysis schedule that Frank Roberts proposed was not necessarily the best representation of the variances for Boston Creamery. Roberts’ report stated a favorable variance of $71,700 coming mainly from sales volume. He used the revised budgeted operating income and the original budgeted income to come up with the sales volume number. The budget was not detailed as to what accounted for the differences though. That would be the first change to the variance analysis report, provide a clearer depiction of the results. He should show the effect of the changes in market size. The market size variance was actually 117,642 favorable (5,968,366-5,720,329). The suggestions offered by Jim Peterson can be incorporated into the schedule without being too technical. There may be a lot of numbers but the results are far more informative. By also looking at month to month changes to sales and operational costs they would have a better estimate and the figures would be available sooner rather than waiting until the spring of 1973. John Vance’s appendix breaks the profit planning analysis down month by month and he shows the importance of tracking actual results. For example, in January 520,000 gallons of ice cream were actually sold. They based the analysis on the forecast of only 495,000 gallons. The actual revenues for January are $28,875 under the forecast for the actual sales. The earnings statement, which is Exhibit C in the Appendix to the Case, shows that the...
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...Sarah Carter Boston Creamery 1. The variance analysis schedule that Frank Roberts proposed was not necessarily the best representation of the variances for Boston Creamery. Roberts’ report stated a favorable variance of $71,700 coming mainly from sales volume. He used the revised budgeted operating income and the original budgeted income to come up with the sales volume number. The budget was not detailed as to what accounted for the differences though. That would be the first change to the variance analysis report, provide a clearer depiction of the results. He should show the effect of the changes in market size. The market size variance was actually 117,642 favorable (5,968,366-5,720,329). The suggestions offered by Jim Peterson can be incorporated into the schedule without being too technical. There may be a lot of numbers but the results are far more informative. By also looking at month to month changes to sales and operational costs they would have a better estimate and the figures would be available sooner rather than waiting until the spring of 1973. John Vance’s appendix breaks the profit planning analysis down month by month and he shows the importance of tracking actual results. For example, in January 520,000 gallons of ice cream were actually sold. They based the analysis on the forecast of only 495,000 gallons. The actual revenues for January are $28,875 under the forecast for the actual sales. The earnings statement, which is Exhibit C in the...
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...customers to deliver innovative products and solutions while maintaining a commitment to safety and sustainability. Eastman serves customers in approximately 100 countries and had 2014 revenues of approximately $9.5 billion. The company is headquartered in Kingsport, Tennessee, and employs approximately 15,000 people around the world. See link for detailed company information: Timeline Product Structure Eastman is divided into five business segments including: * Additives & Functional Products * Adhesives & Plasticizers * Advanced Materials * Fibers * Specialty Fluids & Intermediates See Appendix A for detailed segment information. Market Eastman Chemical is part of one of the largest and most important industries worldwide. Chemical production in the United States is valued at $42.3 billion dollars annually. Approximately 1,500 companies compete within this market. While many companies manufacture chemical products, revenue generated from chemical product manufacturing comprises only a small percentage of these companies' total revenue. For this reason, no single industry player holds market share greater than 5.0%. With a mature life cycle stage, the chemical industry is predicted to see -0.1% annual growth in 10-15 years and 0.7% annual growth in 15-20 years. Eastman Chemical Company Major End Markets: * Transportation * Building and Construction * Consumables * Tobacco * Industrials and Chemicals Processing ...
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...Jenny’s All Natural Ice Cream Shop Jennifer Kremer ACT305 – Principles of Managerial Accounting Colorado State University – Global Campus Instructor Edward Balli February 1, 2015 Jenny’s All Natural Ice Cream Shop The problem with ice cream products today is unhappy, milked to death cows. In 1946, a cow was grass fed, had milk output of 2 gallons of milk per day, and lived an average of 15 years. Modern cows are grain fed, produce 8 gallons of milk per day, and live an average of 18 months. All flavor and rich texture of real ice cream is lost in modern cow milk production. The history of milk production has led up to this poor excuse for ice cream. Ice cream is the quintessential cold treat that keeps the world going round, yet has an unknown point or origin or originator. History determines ice cream to exist as far back as 200 B.C. The bible references King Solomon’s fondness of sweet iced drinks during harvesting periods. Alexander the Great preferred honey and nectar flavored snow treats. Claudius Caesar was known for sending runners into the mountain for snow, later flavoring the snow with fruit juice. Sherbet ice cream was first recorded in the 16th century as a treat brought to Europe by Marco Polo from the far east. (IDFA, 2015). Most notable was Cream Ice, a favored dessert of the court of Charles I in the 17th Century. Historians state King Charles I paid a handsome salary of 500 pounds per year to chef DiMirco for keeping the recipe a secret. DiMirco...
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...Roger’s Chocolates SWOT II. SWOT Analysis • Employee Interest and Devotion to Company ◦ Some of Rogers Chocolate Employees were third generation employees and were proud and passionate about Rogers heritage and commitment to quality. They believed in the Brand and its image. • Leadership with Experience ◦ Parkhill who had previously worked as the VP for Maple Leaf Foods was in charge of six plants and 2,300 employees. Has a Ivy League MBA and has extensive work in Sales, Marketing and Operations. • Progressive Management Team ◦ Management consists of members who will work extra hours and are very efficient in their respective fields. Phoenix has had a tenure since 1994 and is very dedicated to Rogers by working extra hours and helping out at stores that are short of staff. Wong works with manufacturing and Food Science and had worked in the industry before Rogers. Bjornson worked with Pacific Coach Lines as the CFO and worked their finances especially in the areas of reorganization, acquisitions and dispositions. 3. Consumer Loyalty • Customers are loyal to Rogers because they have an emotional connection that relates them to Rogers. This revolves around the II. SWOT Analysis experience that Rogers tries to promote, especially in their gift line. 4. Social Awareness • Part of the workforce at Rogers is comprised of disabled individuals who help out in production. 5. Revenues and Margins • Margins...
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...3D Printing: Manufacturing Randall Ballard, Jerry Boggs, Bol Bol, and Jiro Newton DeVry University LAS 432 Professor Lynn Wallace April 19, 2014 Table of Contents I. 3D Printing: Manufacturing – Randall, Jerry, Bol, and Jiro 4 II. How 3D Printing Works – Randall 4 a. 3D Printing or Additive Manufacturing? 5 b. Commercial Manufacturing 5 III. The Historical Development and Context of the Technology – Randall 6 c. Chuck Hall 6 i. Time line. 7 d. A 3D Printer in Every Home 7 IV. How New is the Technology? – Jerry 8 e. Is it Really Printing? 8 V. The Technology’s Potential to Disrupt Industries – Jerry 9 VI. Communicating With the 3D Printer – Jerry 9 f. The Process 10 ii. The 8-step process. 10 g. Reducing the Development Time 11 VII. Economic Considerations – Jerry 11 h. Rapid Prototyping 12 i. What Is the ROI? 12 j. Manufacturing Processes 13 iii. Economies of scale. 13 k. The Level of Interest 14 iv. Digitizing creative content. 14 v. Is it your creation? 15 l. Localization vs. Outsourcing 15 VIII. The Psychological Perspective & Social Effect – Jerry 16 m. A Paradigm Shift...
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...3D printing economic questions and considerations 3D printing economic questions and considerations Definition Three dimensional printing refers to a procedure that employs the formation of solid three dimensional objects that can take the form of any shape desired based on the designs of a digital model. In order to achieve a three dimensional print output, one is required to utilize the additive procedure that involves the use of successive material layers that are laid in arrangement such that different shapes are displayed. There have been considerations of three dimensional printing as technique of traditional machining that greatly relies on material removal through use of methods such as drilling and cutting which is part of the subtractive procedure. I) History of 3D printing technology The historical development and context of 3D printing technology Three dimensional printing has existed for over thirty years, long before it was popularized. From the 1980s this technology utilized the inclusion of a layer fused in powdered material with the combination of a laser as well as dispersion of plastic that was melted through a nozzle system and resin that was photo-cursed. Nonetheless, three dimensional printers remained expense ice and where characterized as being sluggish with inefficiencies as the industry redeveloped at a slow pace during that era (Lanzetta & Sachs, 2003). The rapid popularization and growth of three dimensional printing begun only after the start...
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...3D printing economic questions and considerations Charles Hope DeVry University 3D printing economic questions and considerations Definition Three dimensional printing refers to a procedure that employs the formation of solid three dimensional objects that can take the form of any shape desired based on the designs of a digital model. In order to achieve a three dimensional print output, one is required to utilize the additive procedure that involves the use of successive material layers that are laid in arrangement such that different shapes are displayed. There have been considerations of three dimensional printing as technique of traditional machining that greatly relies on material removal through use of methods such as drilling and cutting which is part of the subtractive procedure. I) History of 3D printing technology The historical development and context of 3D printing technology Three dimensional printing has existed for over thirty years, long before it was popularized. From the 1980s this technology utilized the inclusion of a layer fused in powdered material with the combination of a laser as well as dispersion of plastic that was melted through a nozzle system and resin that was photo-cursed. Nonetheless, three dimensional printers remained expense ice and where characterized as being sluggish with inefficiencies as the industry redeveloped at a slow pace during that era (Lanzetta & Sachs, 2003). The rapid popularization and growth of three dimensional...
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...Silliman University College of Business Administration Bachelor in Business Administration Management Department Management 31 - C Production/Operations Management Case Analysis for Case 1 June 25, 2012 Background: The Lew-Mark Baking Company has been the largest Archway franchise in New York and New Jersey employing less than 200 people, mostly blue-collar workers. The company has over 50 varieties of soft cookies with no additives and preservatives. The customers of the company are over 45 years old including parents with young children. The production process being described is the batch processing system which is mainly convenient if a moderate volume of goods is desired, handling a moderate variety of products. The company also maintains an organized inventory, quality management, and scrap maximization. New products are also in mind of the management to include in their extension of product line. The potential improvements that have been suggested to the management have been reluctantly set aside because of potentials risks. The company is now faced on how it will manage these challenges. Submitted by: Cadapan, Mitzchelline Cassion, Lorenzo Cataluña, Japril Concepcion, Gerard Lacs Codoy, Xiarlson Llyod Cohay, Ethyl Dangcalan, Mae Angeli Dicen, Roxanne CASE ANALYSIS FOR CASE 3 Central Problem With the different challenges and changes being faced by the management, it is now crucial to decide on whether to adopt or alter the components of...
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...Rita Stroud-Lipsey Strayer University Professor: Dr. Barry Adkins BUS 499—Business Administration Capstone January 13, 2012 Introduction The main purpose of this essay is to analyze the social/demographic, technological, economic, environment/geographic and political/legal/governmental segments to understand the general environment facing Great Lakes. It will also describe how Great Lakes will be affected by each of these external factors. It will then analyze the lead additives industry in the U.S. using the Five Forces of Competition Model. The Five Forces will display the impact it has on the industry based on the analysis, in which it can then be determined if the industry is attractive or unattractive. Next this essay will describe who Great Lakes’ immediate, impending, and invisible competitors are and how Great Lakes measures up against these competitors. For the conclusion it will describe the main capabilities of Great Lakes. Great Lakes: Great Decision Perform an analysis of the social/demographic, technological, economic, environmental/geographic, and political/legal/governmental segments to understand the general environment facing Great Lakes. Describe how Great Lakes will be affected by each of these external factors. Social/Demographic Social/Demographic: Great decisions are constantly being debated for the Great Lakes as to what factors tend to affect the Social and Demographic segment. Socially our society determines the affects that is...
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...PACKAGING MATERIALS SAFETY EHA Consulting Group, Inc. Baltimore, MD 21208 www.ehagroup.com Overview A broad range of substrates comprise the list of approved food contact (direct and indirect) packaging materials FDA considers, controls and regulates direct contact packaging materials in the same manner as food ingredients Assumptions are that packaging substrates and all contacting substances can and may be consumed along with the food Manufacturers of packaging raw materials and finished, converted packages alike are expected to understand, apply and validate their processes for consistency, quality, safety and adherence to required methods and protocols Contact Material Regulations Direct and indirect contact packaging materials, substances, processing aids, coatings, adhesives and adjunct substances controlled and conditionally approved for use are described and referenced in 21CFR sections 173-182. Additional information, directives, procedures and controls may be found in sections of 21CFR dedicated to the specific food type (i.e., package fill level control for certain food categories) Additional sections of 21CFR control and direct GMP (110-111), while others control the packaging of specific food categories and systems (e.g., 113, thermally-processed low acid foods and 129, bottled water) 21CFR may categorize foods, ingredients and materials by type, processing method, packaging methods and other qualifiers. Manufacturers and suppliers are strongly...
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...First in Show Pet Foods, Inc. Case Analysis Case Recap To begin we must under the nature of the corporation and the market it is looking to advantage from. First in Show Pet Foods, Inc. has a known premium dog food that has been proven through the use of blue ribbon dogs. The brand is known as Show Circuit, which by today’s dog food standards it stands as an organic protein filled dog food. Currently, market research shows consumers regard to organic, non-GMO or additives dog foods. The type of food will be a first full frozen food which requires refrigeration. Problem Identification The problem faced by First in Show Pet Foods, Inc. is marketing a new type of dog food. A dog food that will require refrigeration and freezing will require consumers to break out of their known comfort zone of what a dog food is. Also, a consumer must now share freezer space with their own human food; thus, sharing freezer space will result in consideration of available freezer space and if the consumer wants to share their already limited freezer space. Case Analysis Ambitious, First in Show Pet Foods, Inc. is looking to expand its brand beyond show dogs and into the general market of dog owners. Market research shows a 54% demand increase for a no additives/no preservatives dog food and a 29% demand increase for an All-natural and organic dog food (Kerin and Peterson, 2007). This sharp increase in demand makes First in Show Pet Foods, Inc. poised to take the opportunity to further...
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...1. Perform an analysis of the social/demographic, technological, economic, environmental/geographic, and political/legal/governmental segments to understand the general environment facing Great Lakes. Describe how Great Lakes will be affected by each of these external factors. Corporate social responsibility is defined as a business’s concern for society’s welfare (Lambi, Hair & McDaniel, 2011). Corporations want to become more sustainable and remain sustainable by allowing management to focus on both long-range best interests of the company and the relationship to the society it operates in (Lambi, Hair & McDaniel, 2011). In the case of Great Lakes, the division manager Ellie Shannon was faced with making the recommendation to the company’s board of directors on which of three policy options she felt the company should pursue (Hitt, Hoskisson & Ireland, 2011). The pyramid of corporate social responsibility is an excellent standard to measure the outcome. Great Lakes, according to text is in an excellent position economically to “wash its hands of the leaded gasoline business and its repercussions” (Hitt, Hoskisson & Ireland, 2011). It would be too harsh to just completely do away with the use of leaded additive so the theory of a 5 year plan would be enough time for Great Lakes to devise a strategy to offer a cleaner fuel option to those countries. Economically, both Great Lakes and underdeveloped countries would see increases in cost and a decline...
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