...4. Introducing A.D.R. in Bangladesh Justice Mustafa Kamal Former Chief Justice Supreme Court of BangladeshWHY A.D.R?The Vagaries of Civil LitigationA. D. R. means Alternative Dispute Resolution, mostly applied to civil cases. When a civil case is instituted in a court of competent jurisdiction, the scenario usually is, that a long time is taken to serve the process, the defendants beat the law and submit their written statement/s after a long delay beyond the permissible statutory period of two months, lawyers and judges do not take any interest in screening out a false and frivolous case at the first hearing of the case under Order X CPC (in fact no such first hearing takes place), they seldom try to shorten the disputed questions of fact and law by application of Orders XI and XII of the CPC and mostly ignore the elaborate procedure of discovery, interrogatories, notice to produce etc. contained in those Orders, the issues of a case are seldom framed following the Code of Civil Procedure, the case takes several years to reach a settlement date and on the date of positive hearing half a dozen or more ready cases are fixed for hearing, resulting in the hearing of none. In the meantime years roll by, presiding judge of a single case is transferred a number of times, witnesses of a single case may be heard by more than one presiding judge, arguments are listened to may be by another presiding judge and judgment may be delivered by a presiding judge who had had no connection with...
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...Industrial disputes and it’s resolution on the garments industry of Bangladesh Borna Akter Department of Management Govt. BM College Barisal, Bangladesh BBA(Honours),2nd year Roll No. Md. Mizan Rahaman Assistant Professor Department of Management Govt. BM College Barisal, Bangladesh. Date of preparation: ABSTRACT Industrial dispute has been touted as a major constraint in the economy of Bangladesh. While poor management and inadequate institutional factors were widely blamed for the high propensity of industrial dispute, formation of workers’ behavioural intention of industrial dispute has hardly been studied in the context of Bangladesh. Based on three cases from Bangladesh Export Processing Zone (BEPZ), we apply theory of planned behaviour to identify what are the factors that influence the propensity...
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...Law and its application for settlement of disputes (highlights on ADR) Lecture |Largely ADR | |Two categories | Informal & indigenous mode of ADR formal or court-annexed ADR (As old as the society itself) (Since the decades of 17th in USA) USA-since 1970s, public talk- against civil justice system because of excessive delay, expense, inflexibility and technicality In a speech in 1976, Warren Burger (CJ) of USA discussed with the problem of delay, high costs unnecessarily expenses and diminish the velue of the judgment. CJ made several suggestions –reform, including giving a greater role to ADR. He urged for “divert litigation to other channels”, particularly the channel of Arbitration. ‘Multi-door Courthouse’ Burger Harvard (law professor) Frank E.A Sander proposed that court be transformed into “dispute resolution centers”, in which ‘the grievance would first be channeled through a screening clerk who would then direct him to the process most appropriate to his types of cases. The ‘dispute resolution centers’ would have a separate room for screening, mediation, arbitration, fact finding, malpractice, a civil court and an ombudsman. ADR history in Bangladesh (To be traced two different view points) 1. History of informal (shalish) and quasi-formal (village court) ADR: Informal ADR is as old as the society itself. Shalish is a non-state justice system and a reformed version of shalish is being...
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...Abstract Delay is a very harmful matter for civil suits. And its situation in Bangladesh is very dangerous. Time consumed for the final disposal of cases from the date of its institution is too long. 10-15 years in many instances. This delay has been causing serious harassment to the litigant public. It has come to many mind that the present system of administration of justice, a foreign transplant, is unsuited to the genius of our people, its procedures are dilatory and cumbersome, not advancing the cause of substantial and quick justice. The situation is serious indeed and calls for careful consideration of the reasons for this delay. The system of administration of justice as obtaining in Bangladesh, both as regards the hierarchy of courts and the procedures followed by them, is the result of an evolutionary process the present system coming down from hundred years back and the people including the unlettered villagers have become used to its formalities and technicalities. Why then the people are losing confidence in the system is the question of the day. The answer is not far to seek. The procedure delay in disposal of cases, may account for much of the erosion of confidence in the system. But no particular point in Bangladesh. The administration of justice alone can be said to be the source of delay. It starts right from the beginning and endorse of the end. In decree of execution the uncertainty looms unending to the woe and worry of litigants- winners or losers. Through...
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...three: * Long Term Sources of Finance: Long term financing means capital requirements for a period of more than 5 years to 10, 15, 20 years or may be more depending on other factors. Capital expenditures in fixed assets like plant and machinery, land and building etc. of a business are funded using long term sources of finance.. Long term financing sources can be in form of any of them: * Share Capital or Equity Shares * Preference Capital or Preference Shares * Retained Earnings or Internal Accruals * Debenture / Bonds * Term Loans from Financial Institutes, Government, and Commercial Banks * Venture Funding * Asset Securitization * International Financing by way of Euro Issue, Foreign Currency Loans, ADR, GDR etc. * Preference Capital or Preference Shares * Debenture / Bonds * Lease Finance * Hire Purchase Finance * Short Term Sources of Finance: Short term financing means financing for period of less than 1 year. Short term financing is also named as working capital financing. Short term finances are available in the form of: * Trade Credit * Short Term Loans like Working Capital Loans from Commercial Banks * Fixed Deposits for a period of 1 year or...
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...An Evaluation of the Tax System in Bangladesh Ahsan H. Mansur, PRI Mohammad Yunus, BIDS Presentation Outline Salient Features of Bangladesh’s Current Tax System, Trends in Growth and Revenue Structure VAT System of Bangladesh: Performance, Recent/Past Reforms, Revenue Potential, structural and administrative deficiencies, and alleviating measures Discussions on personal and corporate income tax systems have been covered in this study, but not discussed in detail in in this presentation due to time constraint. Finally the presentation assess the scope for further reforms that the authorities may consider in order to gain more buoyancy in revenue generation POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF BANGLADESH 01 Introduction: Salient Features of Bangladesh’s Current Tax System Notwithstanding the various fiscal reforms of the recent past, Bangladesh Tax system continues to suffer from a number of major weaknesses: • • • • • • • • Low Level of Revenue Mobilisation Regressive Nature of Taxation (especially VAT) High Tax Incidence Low Tax Base High Degree of Tax Evasion Limited Administrative Capacity Resource Constraints (Human and Logistics) Cumbersome Legal Procedures 02 POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF BANGLADESH Growth Trends and Revenue Structure of Bangladesh Over the past years total revenue and tax receipts as % of GDP have increased – from 6.5% and 5.5% respectively in FY1982 to 10.9% and 9.0% respectively in FY2010. Tax receipts roughly generate...
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...An Evaluation of the Tax System in Bangladesh Ahsan H. Mansur, PRI Mohammad Yunus, BIDS Presentation Outline Salient Features of Bangladesh’s Current Tax System, Trends in Growth and Revenue Structure VAT System of Bangladesh: Performance, Recent/Past Reforms, Revenue Potential, structural and administrative deficiencies, and alleviating measures Discussions on personal and corporate income tax systems have been covered in this study, but not discussed in detail in in this presentation due to time constraint. Finally the presentation assess the scope for further reforms that the authorities may consider in order to gain more buoyancy in revenue generation POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF BANGLADESH 01 Introduction: Salient Features of Bangladesh’s Current Tax System Notwithstanding the various fiscal reforms of the recent past, Bangladesh Tax system continues to suffer from a number of major weaknesses: • • • • • • • • Low Level of Revenue Mobilisation Regressive Nature of Taxation (especially VAT) High Tax Incidence Low Tax Base High Degree of Tax Evasion Limited Administrative Capacity Resource Constraints (Human and Logistics) Cumbersome Legal Procedures 02 POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF BANGLADESH Growth Trends and Revenue Structure of Bangladesh Over the past years total revenue and tax receipts as % of GDP have increased – from 6.5% and 5.5% respectively in FY1982 to 10.9% and 9.0% respectively in FY2010. Tax receipts roughly generate...
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...county evaluations called Assessment of Development Results (ADRs). This evaluation aims to demonstrate UNDP’s contribution to development results at country level, as well as the effectiveness of UNDP’s strategy in coordinating national effort for achieving development results. Assessment of development results is carried out within general provisions of UNDP Evaluation Policy and conducted jointly with the national government due to principle of national ownership. The main goals of ADR’s are to provide support to UNDP accountability and transparency to the all level of stakeholders and partners in the program country; to assure the quality of UNDP interventions at the country level; and contribute to learning at corporate, regional and country level. In geographical terms, the assessment covers programs and interventions that had impact on the entire national territory or in parts of the territory, such as states or groups of states, and municipalities. The ADR’s is not a sum of project evaluations, but macro-analysis of the relationship between the inputs, the products, and especially the outcomes. The projects and programs targeted at a particular outcome are analyzed in an integrated manner. This study compares four different assessments of development results at country level, which evaluate the UNDP’s strategy, performance and its contribution to development results in each country including Brazil, Bangladesh, Mongolia and Thailand. The study also examines the approach...
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...reduced to 46%. In the year 2000, ICICI Bank offered made an equity offering in the form of ADRs on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), thereby becoming the first Indian company and the first bank or financial institution from non-Japan Asia to be listed on the NYSE. In the next year, it acquired the Bank of Madura Limited in an all-stock amalgamation. Later in the year and the next fiscal year, the bank made secondary Market sales to institutional investors. With a change in the corporate structure and the budding competition in the Indian Banking industry, the management of both ICICI and ICICI Bank were of the opinion that a merger between the two entities would prove to be an essential step. It was in 2001 that the Boards of Directors of ICICI and ICICI Bank sanctioned the amalgamation of ICICI and two of its wholly-owned retail finance subsidiaries, ICICI Personal Financial Services Limited and ICICI Capital Services Limited, with ICICI Bank. In the following year, the merger was approved by its shareholders, the High Court of Gujarat at Ahmadabad as well as the High Court of Judicature at Mumbai and the Reserve Bank of India. Present scenario: ICICI Bank is India's second-largest bank with total assets of Rs. 3,634.00 billion (US$ 81 billion) at March 31, 2010 and profit after tax Rs. 40.25 billion (US$ 896 million) for the year ended March 31, 2010, its American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Branches & ATMs: ICICI Bank has...
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...RESEARCH INVENTY: International Journal of Engineering and Science ISSN: 2278-4721, Vol. 1, Issue 5 (October 2012), PP 34-42 www.researchinventy.com Role of Foreign Direct Investment in India: An Analytical Study 1 Dr. Jasbir Singh,2Ms. Sumita Chadha,3 Dr. Anupama Sharma 1 Associate Professor, Maharaja Surajmal Institute, Janakpuri, Delhi Assistant Professor, Maharaja Surajmal Institute, Janakpuri, Delhi 3 Assistant Professor, Maharaja Surajmal Institute, Janakpuri, Delhi 2 Abstract: International Economic Integration plays a vital role in Economic Development of any country. Foreign Direct Investment is one and only major instrument of attracting International Economic Integration in any economy. It serves as a link between investment and saving. Many developing countries like India, are facing the deficit of savings. This problem can be solved with the help of Foreign Direct Investment. Foreign investment helps in reducing the defect of BOP. The flow of foreign investment is a profit making industry like insurance, real estate and business services and serving as a catalyst for the growth of economy in India. The present study is based on the objectives like (a) to know the requirement of amount of foreign investment by India, for its economic Development and (b) to analyze the trend and role of FDI & FIIs in improving the quality and availability of goods has been beyond doubt. To analyze all these objectives data has been gathered through secondary...
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...Outline of Modernization Plan (2011-2016) National Board of Revenue (NBR) 1 Table of Contents Executive Summary 1. NBR Modernization Plan 1 5 2. Progress made by NBR in implementing the Plan 3. Indicative timeline 24 25 2 Executive Summary The National Board of Revenue (NBR), as the central authority of tax policy and administration in Bangladesh, plays a critical part in the development of the country. During the current fiscal year (FY 2010-11), NBR is expected to collect Taka 75,600 crore, providing much needed support to the government‟s development efforts. In recent years, Bangladesh‟s tax collection has recorded an impressive growth averaging 20% per annum. Despite this good achievement, a lot remains to be done. Bangladesh‟s tax-GDP ratio at 9.3% remains quite low when compared with other similarly placed countries in South Asia. Less than 1% of the population pays income tax and tax evasion is persistent even though a significant amount of tax revenue is given up in the form of tax incentives. Together, curbing tax evasion and dealing with tax incentives could add 5 percentage points to the tax-GDP ratio, potentially adding about 40,000 crore to the revenue collection. Most of NBR‟s processes are manual and there is little in the nature of taxpayer service and taxpayer education. The NBR also faces problems in its functioning due to its current administrative structure. Despite being under the same board, the different wings of the NBR (Income...
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...A REPORT ON DEPOSITORY INSTITUTIONS: COMMERCIAL BANKING INDUSTRY OF BANGLADESH Date of submission: 24th August 2015 Submitted to Farzana Lalarukh Associate Professor Department of Finance University of Dhaka Submitted by SL Name BBA ID Remarks 1 Sifat sadia 17-003 2 Barna Paul 17-047 3 Maghla Hossain 17-061 4 Saima Sultana 17-069 5 Nawsina Arif 17-085 Department of Finance University of Dhaka Date of Submission: 24th August, 2015 Department of Finance University of Dhaka Letter of Transmittal August 24, 2015 Farzana Lalarukh Associate Professor Department of Finance University of Dhaka Subject: Submission of Report on depository institutions: banking industry of Bangladesh. Dear Madam, It gives us enormous pleasure to submit the report on Depository institutions of Bangladesh as per the Advisor’s instruction. We expect this report to be informative as well as comprehensive as per requirement. Working with such a topic was an inspiring experience for us. We believe that the knowledge and the experience we gathered will facilitate us a lot in our future career life. With our limited knowledge, we have tried our level best to prepare the report worthwhile. Your acceptance and appreciation would surely inspire us. For any further explanations about the report, we will be gladly available to clarify the ins and outs. Sincerely, Sifat Sadia Roll no. 17-003 On behalf of Group...
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...The essential facts/rules/regulations the NRIs must know NRI Guide 2012 2012 A Comprehensive Guide for Indians residing outside India Prakash Nair Prakash@yourownadviser.com www.yourownadviser.com . 1|Page NRI GUIDE (Ver 1.00) (A Comprehensive Guide for Indians residing outside India) Prepared by Prakash Nair Prakash@yourownadviser.com www.yourownadviser.com 2|Page NRI Guide 2012 www.yourownadviser.com PREFACE This NRI guide has been compiled with the help of information available in official website of various government departments like Reserve Bank of India, Income Tax Department, Government of Kerala and other reliable sources. I have taken adequate care to provide current and authentic information. This NRI Guide is intended to serve as a ready reference book to guide NRIs on various matters affecting their financial and other related subjects. This does not purport to be a legal document. So I am not sure that, any errors occurred while compiling this reference guide. In case of any variation between what has been stated in this NRI Guide and the relevant Act, Rules, Regulations, Policy Statements, Government Orders/Circulars etc., the latter shall prevail. Kindly note that, rules related to NRIs are subject to change. Errors and omissions are expected. Ver.2 of this NRI Guide will be published soon with more useful information. Prakash Nair Prakash @yourownadviser.com www.yourownadviser.com Date : 12-Jan-2012 Your suggestions,...
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...Syllabus Department of Management Detailed Syllabus Second Year Four-Year B.B.A. (Honours) Course Effective from the Session : 2009–2010 National University Syllabus for 4 years B. B. A. Honours Course Subject : Management Second Year (Honours) |Subject Code |Subject Title |Marks |Credit | | |Business Communication and Report Writing (In English) |100 |4 | | |Computer and Information Technology |100 |4 | | |Taxation in Bangladesh |100 |4 | | |Business Statistics (In English) |100 |4 | | |Macro Economics |100 |4 | | |Human Resource Management |100 |4 | | |Viva-Voce |100 |4 | | |Total = ...
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