...Criminal Justice Internship Program (CJ 4390) Marian E. Perkins, J.D. August 6, 2012 Cook County Adult Probation The Cook County Adult Probation Department was established in 1911. It is the largest probation agency in Illinois and the largest probation agency int he United States. The department is accredited by the American Correctional Association. The department operates under the Office of the Chief Judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County and administers a wide range of programs covering both standard and specialized probation supervision and pretrial and pre-sentence services. It operates out of 18 office locations and has approximately 670 employees. Each year the probations complete approximately 120,000 hours of community service. The Adult Probation Department receives nearly 18,000 new probation supervision cases annually and has an active caseload of more than 25,000 probationers, 90% of whom have been sentenced for felony offenses. Eighty-eight percent of probationers are assigned to standard caseload supervision, while 12% are supervised in specialized programs designed for specific offender populations. Probation is a criminal sentence which allows defendants to remain in the community in lieu of incarceration. It is the most frequently used sentencing option. Nearly two-thirds of all convicted offenders are sentenced to probation. While on probation, offenders must comply with strict conditions that create opportunities and encourages...
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...seven million people were in prison or on probation or parole. Of this amount, over two million were physically in jail or prison (Vicini, 2006). According to Ethan Nadelmann the US has five percent of the world’s population, and also has 25 percent of the world’s incarcerated population (Vicini, 2006). The United States also imprisons more people on drug charges than all of Western Europe combined (Vicini, 2006). Like every other county jail, DuPage County jail is overcrowded due to the backlog of the court dockets. Alleged offenders must wait for their day in court and then be sentenced and transported to various prisons. Many of these offenders are non violent offenders, or are first time drug offenders (Vicini, 2006). In Cook County jail many inmates are tried and sentenced, but depending on the crime the sentencing could be one year or less in the county jail, prison time, probation, periodic imprisonment, or conditional discharge. There is however, another choice for first time drug offenders and non-violent offenders and that is Boot Camp. Boot Camp Boot Camp is an 18 week long program that is very structured (Cook County Sheriff, 2010). The days are all planned out and will provide non–violent offenders a strict program based on military discipline, vocational skills, education, and alcohol or substance abuse treatment (Cook County Sheriff, 2010). Boot Camp also features an eight month post-release supervision program (Cook County Sheriff, 2010)....
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...MBA 514 August 14, 2012 Introduction Toni Preckwinkle is the president of Cook County Board of Commissioners. Ms. Preckwinkle is adamant about reducing the populations of the County Cook Jail and the county’s Temporary Detention Center. Ms. Preckwinkle says as she was giving her budget address to a group of commissioners, “detaining defendants in jail while they await trial is very expensive for the county and is detrimental to our communities” (1). For the purpose of this paper the focus will be on the incarceration of children ages 10-18 and how such can be not only detrimental to communities but also to societies and our economy.Something has to change, for some time now a large part of the United States population has bought into the whole concept of placing children who break the law in juvenile correctional facilities. As tax payers we must come to the realization that something needs to change if we want these troubled youth to have a bright future ahead of them and become law-abiding tax payers. As a country we are spending billions of dollars buying into this whole concept of incarcerating young people, while research shows it is ineffective on rehabilitating the lives of juvenile offenders. Richard A. Mendel reports that a number of studies actually show that the incarceration of juveniles, “actually increases recidivism among youth with lower-risk profiles and less-serious offending histories” (6). In order to put an end to this epidemic of just locking kids up...
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...be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish." (Kelly, 2012) ” This article of the US Constitution created the Federal Court System. Because each of the original colonies had an established court system, the two court systems evolved separately into today’s modern dual court system (Kelly, 2012). This essay will break down the major historical events in the United States Court system to include probation, parole, and juvenile courts and how they have transformed todays United States Dual court system. In the late 19th century and early 20th century a social movement known as Progressivism had a strong hand in creating and molding the US Court systems. This movement primary goal toward the court systems was to change the thinking from retribution to rehabilitation (Net Industries, 2012). As the progressivism movement started to gain ground and the mindset shifted toward rehabilitation Boston, MA started to use an informal form of probation. Judges would release minor criminals into the custody of well-known members of society in hopes of rehabilitation (City of New York, 2012). In the late 19th century Massachusetts created a law that allowed the mayor of Boston to create the position of a...
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...rehabilitation nor punishment will work on their own and need to be used together to ensure the correct message is being sent to our youth. In my opinion there has to be education at a young age, rehabilitation and punishment in each individual’s plan. Juvenile Court Juvenile courts were first introduced into the United States court system in 1899. In 1899, the first juvenile court was finally established in Cook County, Illinois, and by 1925, all but two states had followed (Center On Juvenile & Criminal Justice, n.d.). The main purpose of juvenile courts was to make sure that adolescents were not treated and punished like adults and rehabilitation was thought to be the main way helping the youth. Why is juvenile court so important? The juvenile court system is very important to the youth of our country. This court not only ensures there will be consequences for illegal activity done by minors, but also helps to protect adolescents from being treated like adults. These courts take into consideration that minors do not have the same thought processes that adults do, and is able to take other factors such as their living environment, mental state, and past history into consideration before handing down a sentence. Kids in juvenile court, whether they are offenders or foster kids, are usually struggling emotionally, academically, behaviorally, and with their family relationships and/or mental health. Intervention and assistance to these...
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...For my observation paper, I researched online for court cases and found a listing of numerous judges and cases in Franklin County, As a result, I went to the Franklin county common pleas court, and was able to retrieve contact information for the secretary of Judge Kimberly Cocroft. I contacted Secretary Racheal Cook by phone and left her a message. As one can imagine, a myriad of missed calls and phone tag resulted; however, she did leave me a voicemail stating her email address and said that it is the best way to get in contact with her. I sent her an email regarding my class assignment; she responded quickly to my email and gave me a list of dates I could come in, to observe court proceedings. I chose the first available date, which was...
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...first three cases, Kent v. United States (1966), In re Gault (1967), and In re Winship (1970), are considered to be three biggest cases which opened the doors for the juvenile litigation before the U.S. Supreme Court (Champion, 2010,2007,2004,2001,1998). When the Kent case was decided in 1966, it was much easier for the U.S. Supreme Court to impose its vast precedent setting powers on juvenile courts in all jurisdictions. Then there was other cases including Breed v. Jones that granted various constitutional rights to juveniles (Champion, 2010,2007,2004,2001,1998). In today’s world juvenile courts in all jurisdictions have moved away from traditional approaches to juvenile offending and punishment and onto due process commensurate with adult offenders. The presence of an attorney in juvenile courts is more of a rule then an exception (Champion, 2010,2007,2004,2001,1998) . The history of the evolution of the legal rights of juvenile offenders began in the 1960’s, the Supreme Court required juvenile courts to become more formal, and more like criminal courts (Bilchick, 1999). The formal hearings were required in waiver situations, and delinquents facing possible confinement were given protection against self-incrimination and rights to receive notice of the charges against them, to present witnesses, to question witnesses, and to have an attorney (Bilchick, 1999). Proof “beyond a...
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...every day. This paper will cover the philosophies that shape the juvenile system and how it differs from the adult justice system. It will also touch upon the sanctions involved, the legal factors that are associated with sentencing and how the appeals process works (Chung, Little, Steinberg, & Altschuler, Feb.2005) Historically, juvenile criminals were treated the same as adult criminals. It wasn’t until about a century ago that the philosophy behind the way that juveniles that violate criminal laws were treated differently from adult offenders. Punishment was the central criminal law philosophy in English common law. Most people presumed that children under the age of seven were not capable of forming criminal intent, thus eliminating them from the criminal justice system completely. Children between the ages of seven and 14 were also presumed incompetent to form the requisite criminal intent unless the prosecutor could demonstrate that the child knew the difference between right and wrong. Children over age 14 were presumed to have the capacity to form criminal intent (Patton, 2011). During this time there were no special courts to deal with adolescent offenders. Because of this they were arrested, held in custody, tried, and imprisoned in the same jails that held adult offenders. Minors were also not given the same due process protections that the adult were given, for example the right to bail, indictment by a grand jury and the right to a public trial. It was...
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...United States and how that system has handled juvenile delinquency thus far. In the days of old, juvenile justice was an unheard of concept. Most nations did not make a distinction between a juvenile and an adult (Bartollas & Miller, 2011). The court systems of early nations simply held the belief that an offender needed to be punished for a crime the same way no matter what the age of the offender. This led to children being punished in the same manner as adults. Early court systems did not recognize that juvenile offenders had different needs and motives than adults (Bartollas & Miller, 2011). It is fair to say that this fact is erroneous in every aspect. This tradition continued into the mid-1800s. In England, for example, “some 160-200 capital offenses were listed in the statutes for which children could be executed.” (Bartollas & Miller, 2011, p. 5). This is an amazing statistic. Knowing that young children could be executed sheds some light on early court systems. In the mid-1800s, the thinking of the juvenile justice system began to change. In San Quentin Prison in the late-1800s, there was a rise in the number of students enrolled in the prison’s school (Justice, 2000). While this school was intended for the reform of juveniles, it did serve adults as well. This school illustrates that society in the late-1800s...
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...large cities. The Society for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency created the New York House of Refuge to house juvenile delinquents in 1825. In 1899, the first juvenile justice system was created in Cook County, Illinois, and it was a separate system from the adult one. This system took into consideration a youth’s intellectual, social, moral, and emotional development and worked to rehabilitate and treat more than punish offenders who are under the age of eighteen. Within twenty-five years, most states had set up juvenile court systems. William Blackstone, one of the most...
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...Referral Sources Juvenile Court Disposition Comparison of Juvenile and Criminal Justice Systems 8. Compare and contrast the juvenile and criminal justice systems. 3 4 PART ONE Juvenile Justice and Delinquency in the United States Origins of the Juvenile Justice System Before the establishment of the juvenile justice system, courts and judges treated juveniles as adults and, in many instances, juvenile offenders received the same punishment as adults. There was only one system of justice in the United States, and all offenders were processed through it without regard to age. Under common law doctrine, the legal system the American colonists brought from England, a juvenile age seven or older could receive the same punishment as an adult. Juveniles were housed in prisons with adults and sometimes received the death penalty; however, evidence shows that the most severe punishments were rarely given to juveniles.1 The establishment of separate institutions to confine juvenile offenders separately from adults occurred in the early 1800s. In 1899, the first juvenile court was founded in Cook County, Illinois....
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...Presenting Problem I will begin with a problem related to sexual abuse and the ensuing family problems and legal issues following it. I am currently working in my field placement at Lifespan Family Services, (LFS), with a 16-year-old boy who was discharged from a residential treatment facility to a foster home from this agency. The boy we will call Brian, was referred by the Jefferson County Probation Department with the goal of transitioning him back to the home of his maternal grandparents who currently take care of one of his older brothers. Brian and his two older brothers share the same biological father who perpetrated sexually on all three boys. During the first several years of Brian's life he lived in the home where the incidents took place. After it was discovered that the father was abusing the boys, Children and Youth Services, (CYS), of Jefferson County removed all three boys from the home pending charges against the biological father. The father of the three boys was eventually convicted of a multitude of charges related to his perpetrating on the boys and was given a lengthy prison sentence. Brian's mother was involved with a multitude of paramours’ in short term relationships one of which resulted in the birth of a girl. Brian's mother eventually remarried and maintained custody of the three boys and their younger sister. The stepfather had very little interest in fathering the three boys and would have almost no positive interaction with them. The union between...
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...offenders have an extensive history. There were no isolated courts or laws, and no services for juveniles, up till the 19th century, children who committed serious offenses were punished and restrained in prison the same way as adults. The changes in legislation rose the age at which individuals officially became adults. This change helped many juveniles escape the cruel treatment in the adult prisons. These changes were based on new understanding of the relationship between physical, mental maturity and acknowledgment. The American juvenile justice system has evolved over the past century with variation that embellished from the adult criminal justice process. The first juvenile's court was acknowledged in 1899, in Chicago, Illinois, and by1945, all states had juvenile courts. The juvenile crime rates particularly homicide rose during the 1980s and 1990s. Therefor the system faces a vast of questions about whether young offenders should be tried and sentenced in a different way than adult offenders (Lawrence & Hemmens, 2008, Chapter 1). The juvenile courts wanted to turn young felons into dynamic people by concentrating on treatment rather than punishment. The laws that established the juvenile courts illustrated their point as different from the adult penal codes. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract | 2 | Body | 4 | Critical Analysis | 12 | Conclusion | 12 | Reference Page | 13 | History of Juvenile Justice System The two hundred and thirty-four year history of...
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...Table of Contents City of Riverside profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Mission and Values Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Message from the Chief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Executive Command Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Office of the Chief of Police . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Strategic Plan Audit and Compliance Bureau Office of Internal Affairs Public Information Chief's Community Advisory Board Magnolia Station Grand Opening . . . . . . . . . .11 Riverside Police Department Facilities . . . . . .13 Administration Public Safety Communications . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Support Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Personnel Bureau Training Bureau Management Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Finance Payroll Grants Administration Fleet Services Facilities Management Court Services Unit (CSU) Alarm Enforcement Unit (EAU) Records Management Front Counters/Telephone Report Unit Automation and Digital Records Crime Analysis Unit (CAU) Property/Evidence Unit Operations Field Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Neighborhood Policing Centers (NPCs) Management Accountability Program (RPD~MAP) Watch Commanders Problem Oriented Policing (POP) Bike Team El Protector University Neighborhood Enhancement Team (UNET) Crime Statistics Special Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 Community Services Group Citizen Academy Crime Free Multi-Housing Neighborhood Watch Business Watch Youth...
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...Up until the mid-point of the 20th century, the sentences imposed on juveniles in the court system were similar to those just like adults convicted of crimes. Sentences given to juveniles emphasized punishment over rehabilitation during this time period. Ultimately, juvenile sentencing changed from punishment to rehabilitation, something that continues to this day. This is an introduction to Juvenile Justice in America. Since the 1990s, youth crime rates have gone up . These falling crime rates have led many jurisdictions to rethink the juvenile justice practices that happen in the 1980s and 1990s. Today, states are using major reforms designed to reduce institutional confinement, closed old 19th century era reform schools, and expand community-based interventions.In the late 18th and early 19th century, courts punished and confined youth in jails and penitentiaries. Since few other options existed, youth of all ages and genders where often confined with hardened adult criminals and the mentally ill in large overcrowded institutions. At the same time, American cities were dealing with high rates of child poverty and neglect putting pressure on city leaders to find a solution to this growing social issue. In response, reformers Thomas Eddy and John Griscom, organized the Society for the Prevention of Pauperism, in stead of housing youth in adult jails and prisons and the creation of a new type of institution. Their work led to the establishment of the New York House of Refuge...
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