Furthermore, womanism, by being nonideological is not bound by restrictions that creates boundary lines that mitigate against the ability to be open to resolutions of disagreements (Phillips, p. xxv). Phillips posits, “Womanists rely on dialogue to establish and negotiate relationships; such relationships can accommodate disagreement, conflict, and anger simultaneously with agreement, affinity, and love.” Communitarian brings womanists views “the state of collective well-being which is beneficial for all members of the community. Merging all levels of humanity starting with Black women and women of color transcending into the Black community expanding into others brings a harmony that would alleviate many social issues (Phillips, p. xxv-xxvi). …show more content…
xxiv). Alice Walker and her womanist beginnings in 1983, Chikwenye Okonjo Ogunyemi and African womanism, and Clenora Hudson-Weems with the Africana womanism give three different spins on the ideas and applications of this construct (Phillips, p. xx). Notwithstanding these three women are given credit for initiating different versions of the Black woman’s perspective on self-identifications, but historically, principles of womanism were being applied by progenitors such as Maria Stewart, Ida B. Wells Zora Neale Hurston, and many others. Phillips notes that these women coming from an American, African and Pan African, experiences encompassing the many dimensions of womanism, that they expanded and gave structure to it ever growing current form and manifestations. (Phillips, p. …show more content…
xxi). Covering areas as diverse as theology, literature, history, film and theater studies, psychology, education social work and nursing, just to name a few, reveals the widening influence that womanism has had and continues to impact modern academic though academic scholarship. (Phillips, p. xxi). In addition to its expanding role in education, it appears in cultural venues such as newspaper, magazines, music and has a global reach with influences in countries all over the world (Phillips, p. xxi). Importantly, Phillips contends that the intuitiveness as opposed to being more analytical, womanism as a construct cannot be constrained easily within academic structures which has allowed it “to flourish, ‘beneath the radar,”’ (Phillips, p. xxi). On the other hand, in the area of women’s studies has implemented some of the theories of womanism that has minimize its effect through some assimilations which sometimes loses the essence of what it is all about (Phillips, p.