...Behavioral or Trait Theories Juliana Daza Medgar Evers College PSYC 215-Theories of Personality Professor Maureen D. Jarus April 27, 2012 A personality theory is a system of concepts, assumptions, ideas and principles proposed to explain different personalities. Personality theorist seek to explain human behavior in terms of inner causes, instincts, feelings of inferiority, needs, conditions of worth, intentions, and so forth. In this research paper, I will be exploring both behaviorist theory, as well as the Trait theory in trying to understand serial killer Wayne Bertram Williams. Behavioral Theories The Behaviorist theory places importance on the external environment, and on the effects of conditioning and learning. Ivan Pavlov was the first psychologist to discover and explore this theory at the beginning of the twentieth century. He demonstrated this form of learning which became known as “classical conditioning” in an experiment with dogs. He would place a small amount of meat on a dogs tongue, and after continuing to do this many times, the canines would salivate before they were giving the food. Before long, the dogs would begin to salivate as soon as Dr. Pavlov would enter the room. He realized that this was a reflex, whereas one stimulus will be followed by another r stimulus, because the two stimuli occurred close together. This reinforced that behavior can be attributed to experience. B.f. Skinner on the other hand, argued that most behavior is learned...
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...Why I Chose to Pursue an MBA Abstract This paper will outline the reasons I chose to pursue an MBA. I will construct and support an argument for my pursuit of an MBA. I will support my decision of pursing an MBA with references and data of individuals who have written articles regarding the pursuit of an MBA for African Americans. This paper will include my Jungian results from the 16-Type Personality Insights questionnaire to see if I have the qualifications of a manager. Why I Chose to Pursue an MBA I decided to pursue an MBA to start a new career and to achieve a personal goal. I have a best friend who persuaded me to further my education. She would tell me, “Seles, this world is going to require that individuals who seek employment have a Master’s degree.” I began to think how my goal would be achieved and what university I attend. Wondering and worrying about the cost of this type of education caused me to have many sleepless nights and much stress. My concern was finding the time between allocating times with my six year-old son, working part-time as a volunteer and taking care/assisting my parents who are 70. Also my biggest issue I had was who would hire a recent graduate who is almost 50, African-American single parent of a six year-old son and who have never worked in the corporate world. So I prayed and asked GOD to authorize my pursuit of a Master’s degree. I talked with my advisor Lance Thorsen and he eased my mind and encouraged me to...
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...Afro-Asian Literature III. Credit Units: 3 IV. Pre-Requisite: none V. Duration: 18 weeks (54 hours) – 1 meeting per week (3 hours per class session) VI. Course Overview: Afro-Asian Literature is a survey course in reading and writing. The text focuses on selected works of Afro -Asian literature ranging from 3,000 B.C. to the present and is augmented with a wide array of novels and other supplemental materials. All literary genres will be covered. Students are expected to critically read all genres of literature and write cohesive, clear, and well-structured analyses/critiques about what they have read. Students will write a variety of rhetorical modes and for a variety of purposes including narration, information, and persuasion. Students’ papers will reflect a sophisticated level of original analysis and include references to the read text or to outside sources where appropriate. VII. Course Objectives: Students will: * develop an ability to write about problems from historical, philosophical, rhetorical and/or cross-cultural and interdisciplinary perspectives; * engage in group discussions and activities to develop critical perspectives, a clear sense of audience, and a fluent and effective style; * plan, write, and revise three to four formal essays approximately 4-6 pages in length, at...
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...is well documented. A 1997 survey conducted by the Southern African Migration Project found that South Africans showed the highest level of opposition to immigration in any country where comparable questions have been asked (Mattes, 1999). The hostility towards foreigners living in South Africa has translated into extreme acts of xenophobic violence. In 2000 and 2001, Amnesty International’s annual online reports on South Africa singled out attacks and ill treatment of asylumseekers and suspected illegal immigrants as a major source of concern. The 2001 report also recounts reports of abuses of undocumented migrants and asylum-seekers. These included unlawfully prolonged detentions, poor conditions and beatings of detainees by guards at Lindela Repatriation Centre, assaults by police officers involved in the arrest of suspected illegal immigrants, and arbitrary and verbally abusive conduct towards asylum-seekers by Department of Home Affairs officials (Amnesty International, 2001). Xenophobia is defined by the Merriam Webster Dictionary as ‘fear or hatred of strangers or foreigners or of what is strange or foreign’ (Mish, 1997). The literal meaning of the word suggests that xenophobic people would dislike all foreigners equally, as it is their ‘foreignness’ that makes them objectionable. However, the patterns that emerge of the targets involved in incidents that are attributed to xenophobia, as well as empirical research investigating xenophobia, suggest that this is not the case...
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...analysis paper I choose the group of African Americans because of the fact that they are being targeted in social media for police brutality crimes. Hate Crimes resemble messages to individuals from a specific gathering that they are unwelcome in a specific neighborhood, group, school, or work environment. Detest hate crimes are criminal offenses, normally including viciousness, terrorizing or vandalism, in which the casualty is focused on account of race, sexual introduction, religion, ethnicity, sex or political alliance. Detest wrongdoings can happen at home, at school, at spots of love, at work, in the city - for all intents and purposes anyplace. There have been some cases that have been committed during the time that our president Barack Obama won his presidency. “On Election Night 2008, Ralph Nicoletti and Michael Contreras, both 18, and Brian Carranza, 21, of Staten Island, New York decided shortly after learning of Barack Obama's election victory "to find African Americans to assault," according to a federal indictment and other court filings. The men then drove to a predominantly African-American neighborhood in Staten Island, where they came upon a 17 year-old African American who was walking home after watching the election at a friend's house. One of the defendants yelled "Obama!" Then, the men got out of the car and beat the youth with a metal pipe and a collapsible police baton, injuring his head and legs. The men went on to commit additional assaults that night. Their...
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...Preface Anonymity On any given day a number of individuals travel to and through the South Dallas area where this initial research project took place. Many visitors to the area often stop at the few remaining mom-and-pop restaurants for a greasy cheeseburger, link, or fish basket where several of the public characters that took part in this research hustle for money to buy that day’s beverage, blunt, or bed. The participants in this research are constantly in the public’s eye. Their identities are not secret and often the ways in which they engage in informal economy are well known as well. A select few of these individuals have participated in city meetings that are televised. Other anthropologists, sociologists, and curious academics have examined the decline of this southern sector of Dallas for one reason or another. Newspaper reporters and other media groups have often completed editorial pieces on this community and its residents (housed and un-housed). Identities are often made public; however, anonymity in regards to person or place is very much a component to this research in accordance with the anthropological guidelines of human subject protection. A pseudonym has been provided for each individual and place of business that participated in this research. Introduction Society is not a mere sum of individuals. Rather, the system formed by their association represents a specific reality which has its own characteristics... The group thinks, feels, and...
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...Decision of Uncertainty Paper As a health care establishment, it is easy to become caught up in the day- to- day tasks at hand without addressing the needs or concerns of the patients. With the change in the economy and the reasons for the emergency room being utilized, it is important to take a moment to see how the flow of the delivery of services can be confined to smooth transitions. This paper will include appropriate probability concepts, rationale, statistical analysis, and a decision tailored to research studies specific to the thesis statement, question response types, and classification of our findings. Thesis Question "Does the emergency room get utilized more by a particular race and is there a reason for this occurrence?" Appropriate Probability Concepts and Your Application of Them to Find Resulting Data To Limit the Uncertainty of this Decision Probability theory is an important part of statistical theory that bridges descriptive and inferential statistics. It is the science of uncertainty, chance or likelihood (Cooper & Schindler, 2008). There are three kinds of probability; classical, empirical and subjective. In this instance, we will focus on a mixture of empirical probability which is based on past experiences and subjective probability which a probability is assigned to an event based upon whatever evidence is available. A closer look will be taken at the records of the patients treated by the emergency care team...
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...“Down Low”: Homosexuals in the African American Community: Why is it a Taboo Topic? Danielle Carter Senior Seminar HSU 498 Professor Hogan March 25, 2010 Abstract The phenomenon known as the “Down Low” among African American Men who have sex with Men has caused much concern among black community leaders, the general population, and not to mention HIV/AIDS researchers. There are questions which are not being addressed regarding communication patterns of stigmatized groups specifically the “Down Low” group. Why is there little research about the “Down Low”, when there is more than half AAMSM in this world? This paper will explain why so many African American men are on the “Down Low,” why there is a lack of communication when it comes to speaking about the “Down Low. This paper will also help Human Service workers learn how to help AAMSM and their families. “Down Low”: Homosexuals in the African American Community A Review of the Literature Today, while there are men who are openly gay, it seems that the majority of those having sex with men still lead secret lives, products of a black culture that deems masculinity and fatherhood as a black man's primary responsibility (Roscoe, 2008). The “Down Low” culture has grown in recent years out of the shadows and developed its own contemporary institutions for those who know where to look for example...
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...COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE AGRONOMIC VALUE OF VERMICAST TO CONVENTIONAL COMPOST AND A SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE TO CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS by Marjonel F. Marges A Research Study presented to the faculty of Lumampong National High School-Indang Annex, Indang, Cavite in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Research I INTRODUCTION Food Production is is the process of transforming raw ingredients into prepared food products. Food production includes industries that take raw food products and convert them into marketable food items. Synthetic fertilizers are commonly used for growing all crops, with application rates depending on the soil fertility, usually as measured by a soil test and according to the particular crop. Studies have shown that application of nitrogen fertilizer on off-season cover crops can increase the biomass (and subsequent green manure value) of these crops, while having a beneficial effect on soil nitrogen levels for the main crop planted during the summer season. Nutrients in soil can be thrown out of balance with high concentrations of fertilizers. The interconnectedness and complexity of this soil ‘food web’ means any appraisal of soil function must necessarily take into account interactions with the living communities that exist within the soil. Stability of the system is reduced by the use of nitrogen containing fertilizers, which cause soil acidification. Applying excessive amounts of fertilizer has negative environmental effects, and wastes...
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...African Americans are not only profiled in the store, but also during traffic stops. “A new study, undertaken by Ravi Shroff, an assistant professor holding joint appointments at NYU Steinhardt and NYU CUSP, and his colleagues at the Stanford Open Policing Project, found that in a dataset of nearly 100 million traffic stops across the United States, black drivers were about 20 percent more likely to be stopped than white drivers relative to their share of the residential population. The study also found that once stopped, black drivers were searched about 1.5 to 2 times as often as white drivers, while they were less likely to be carrying drugs, guns, or other illegal contraband compared to their white peers. Shroff and his colleagues also measured the disparity in stop rates before and after sunset. They found that black drivers made up a smaller share of those stopped at night, when it’s more difficult to discern the race of a driver, which suggests that racial bias may influence stop decisions. For example, in Texas, about 25 percent of drivers stopped right before sunset were black, compared to about 20 percent just after dusk. The analysis found the same basic pattern...
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...1.INTRODUCTION Cursory observation would prove that child labour has increase in Nigeria since the late 1980s.To this end the increase may be related to the changing socio economic structure of the country. It is in this light that this paper seeks to relate the massive increase in the incident of child labour In Nigeria the mid 1980s.Globalisation should be seen as an encompassing process with implications for different sections of socio life (see Anugwom, 2001). Therefore, globalization significantly affected the child labour in Nigeria. Nigeria is reported as having 12million child workers, which is one of the highest in the world (see Siddigi and Patrinos,2001). Moreover the IL0 1996 estimate that 250million children are involved in child labour. This figure shows a problem of major proportion and which is concentrated principally in developing nations of the world. A concern with child labour stem largely out of the stark that realization in spite of the numerous national attention given to the issue, it seems to elude meaningful solution in fact rather than abate, child labour has persisted. Child labour has also attracted international attention and concern. Hence, there have been many declaration on the global arena on how to stem the rising tide of child labour. Among these declarations and conventions are the ILO conventions on the Elimination Of Child Labour, the, ILO Declaration on the Fundamental Principles and Rights of Work, the UNICEF. Declaration on the Right...
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...important to get rid of it all together. While writing this essay on racism I found myself re questioning myself countless times as I did not wish to either contradict myself or come off as “strong left wing liberal” as some of the kids from our composition class would say. Throughout this essay I was doing countless research from the documentary on racism that we viewed in class to statistics regarding racism in the court system. I find that research in essay allows for us to gain knowledge in order to support our own ideas in the paper and to better grasp the realism of the pigeonholes that are present in our society today. The most valuable piece of evidence in my essay would be the interview I had with one of my former professors from high school who was a law teacher and was my mock trial coach. We read some Iowa court cases that were deemed to be racist primarily from the early fifties and late sixties when prejugdism and racism were much alive and well in the...
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...Ethics in Policing Darlene Freeman CRIJ 5322 Introduction This paper explains issues that shape the role of ethics in policing. Police ethics involves hard choices as well as avoiding violations of basic moral standards. Police officers inevitably face ethical issues when it comes to what’s right or wrong. The authority that police officer are given to protect the public presents the temptation to abuse the power that’s given to them. This paper will explain the rule- of-law and how it represents societal standards that define police duties and responsibilities. Police officers are given a significant amount of discretion simply due to the nature of their job. Officers are faced with many threatening situations forcing them to react quickly yet appropriately. They have the power to infringe upon any citizen’s rights to freedom and therefore must use their power effectively. One major concern with a number of discretion officers have is their power to decide when to use force or when to use lethal force (Lee, Lim, Moore, & Kim, 2013) Additionally, public perception of policing will be discussed, police brutality and due process within the criminal justice system. Accountability is one of the most important components when it comes to public perception of police officers. When officers begin to use force to control the community, citizens began to review officers as authority figures instead of protecting and serving the community. This results in a breakdown...
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...profiling, the concern about it is erupting in the entire nation (Harcourt 18). Racial profiling is considered as the use of the individual’s ethnicity and race through the law enforcement personnel. In many of the jurisdiction, the practice of such acts is considered as illegal and controversial. United States have decided to work on the issues related to the racial profiling, that how the ethnicity and race play a part in order to stop the injustice through the law enforcement in relevance to their jurisdictions (Welch 282). The term racial profiling is defined as the discrimination on the basis of the stereotypes (Harcourt 31). The racial profiling is explained in various ways, it has been used in almost every law enforcement agency. The paper aims to discuss the issue of racial profiling and why people dislike police. Racial Profiling...
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...Dying Spirits: Conditions for the survival of Igbo Masquerade Tradition in a Post Modern Era. A paper presented at the third edition of the monthly lecture series of Mbari Literary Society, Owerri, Imo State Nigeria. 1st August 2009. Greetings to my veritable ancestors. Greetings to the progenies and prodigies whose unequalled prodigy and genius produced this sacred art that is now singing an extinction dirge. All the Ancestral Spirits hovering unackno-wledged around this atmosphere, accept my unworthy salutations. Ndi Mbari Ibem, Welunu Ekene m, Onye m kporo ya kpoba ibe ya Onye na nke ya, onye na nke ya Nke onye chiri ya zere. If at the end of this intellectual discourse, the contents of this paper are merely seen as mere academic exercises, it would have failed. This point is made at the background of our realization that it is only practical dialectics that would save the African Viz a Viz. Igbo cosmology in its mortal struggle with the nihilating forces of globalization. By practical dialectics we mean a dialectics whose spine and pedagogy will bother on practice rather than theory. The guest lecturers of the first and second editions of this lecture series dwelt on topics that bothered on the preservation of our cultural heritage and language respectively. This paper shall not depart from that line. The difficulty in presenting this type of lecture is that a topic which hitherto is not discussed amongst women, particularly those that have not attained the...
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