...A CRITICAL SURVEY OF CONTEMPORARY SOUTH AFRICAN POETRY A CRITICAL SURVEY OF CONTEMPORARY SOUTH AFRICAN POETRY: THE LANGUAGE OF CONFLICT AND COMMITMENT By Laura Holland, B.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts McMaster University September 1987 MASTER OF Arts (1987) (English) McMASTER UNIVERSITY Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: A Critical Survey of Contemporary South African Poetry: The Language of Conflict and Commitment AUTHOR: Laura Linda Holland, B.A. (University of Alberta) SUPERVISOR: Dr. Alan Bishop NUMBER OF PAGES: v, 134 ii ABSTRACT The thes is concentrates on South African poetry from 1960 to the present. It closely examines a selection of poems by Breyten Breytenbach, Dennis Brutus, Pascal Gwala, Wopko Jensma, Oswald Mtshali, Arthur Nortje, Cosmo Pieterse, Sipho Sepamla, and Wally Serote, among others. The body of the thesis discusses these poets' contributions to poetry about prison, exile, and township life. The thesis focuses on the struggle between various polical, racial, and cultural groups for hegemony over South Africa's poetic development. Such issues as language, ideology, and censorship are explored insofar as they in! .luence t:ne content and structure of the poetry. This body of poems, sadly, is little studied in North America. The thesis presents an introduction to and a survey of the major tendencies in South African poetry and, in part...
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...them to dress well in public, and to carry themselves in a respectful manner at all times. African women wear a sari (A sari or saree is a strip of unstitched cloth, worn by females, ranging from four to nine meters in length that is draped over the body in various styles). Within the business world gift giving is not the norm, it is not a necessity. If gift are given they are never to be presented with the left hand, either use both hands, or the right one when giving the host a gift. When receiving a gift it is to be open immediately upon receipt. Business meetings can be held over lunch or dinner in a fine restaurant. While meals at homes of a white South African will include a barbecue by the pool called a braaivleis or braai (Afrikaans for roasted meat). The hand shake is the most common greeting even though there are different handshakes depending on which ethnic group you are dealing with. It is considered proper business etiquette use titles and surnames when addressing people. Appointments should be made starting at nine because South African are very casual in their business dealing. They do not believe in rushing business deals. They prefer situations that end up as a win-win. Business cards have no formal exchange...
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...A whole year after MLK jr. died! He was eligible for the death sentence, but was instead given 99 years in prison. He tried to get a retrial, but he failed. In 1998, James Earl Ray died in prison due to Hepatitis C (Author Unknown, 2015, James Earl Ray). In South Africa, Black people were forced to learn and speak a new language. That language was called Afrikaans. This language was created by White people, and based on the Dutch language. The language change resulted in the Soweto riots in 1976. Most of the people in the South African president’s cabinet speak Afrikaans. This language change was horribly mean of the White people. The Afrikaans language was taught in all schools in South Africa. Replacing the regular African language that the children were learning. The Afrikaans language was difficult for children to learn. After Apartheid, the White minority that had ruled South Africa, gave up some of their power, but they would not give up their language. Also after apartheid, the South African community decided that no language is better than another. That was a very fine decision. (Patrick Cox, 2013, From Afrikaans to Zulu, South African Languages Have Stories to...
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...Was English the right choice for Namibia as a national language? Am sure some of you might have heard the phrase “English came with a boat”, this is cause back then our ancestors just knew their mother tongues before German colonialism and apartheid when German’s and colonies from South Africa taught our people their languages(Afrikaans, German and English) in order to communicate with them. During apartheid Afrikaans, German and English held the position of official language; however, after independence from South Africa1990, Namibia's new government made English the sole official language in the constitution of Namibia. German and Afrikaans were stigmatized as having colonial overtones. "If communication is the life blood of human relationships and knowledge in every field of human thinking, reasoning and interaction, then language is its most important vehicle” Namibia as a developing country needs to reach out to different countries in the world for varies reasons to improve its development rate. So for this our country needs to learn and know how communicate with most of the other countries in the world. English may not be the most spoken language in the world, but it is the official language in a large number of countries. It is estimated that the number of people in the world that use in English to communicate on a regular basis is 2 billion. Therefore making English our national language so that it becomes easier to interact with other countries. English is the...
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...The South African Press played a fundamental role in keeping society informed. It defended and protected the freedom of expression in South Africa during the Apartheid years by providing news in which there were, “possibilities of escaping censorship and suppression of free speech” (Grotan & Svedsen, 2001: 1). Articles that liberal and Independent English speaking Press journalists wrote during these times were censored or blacked out if they did not follow or defied or even threatened the government’s policies and existence (Fourie, 2002). Regardless of the South African government's persistent claims that the media in South Africa was free, the independent media in South Africa was still prohibited by law not to report any issues of violence and hostility against black people especially the state of Emergency that happened during that time in the country. This state of affairs led to a development and growth of progressive publications known as the alternative press which were the organisations that helped in reaction to the blanket on information. Even though government suppressed media reporting, citizens were kept informed by these alternative presses regardless of the state of emergency. This essay will look at the portrayal of the liberal, independent English-speaking Press as pioneering noble entities in the battle against apartheid and its exploitations. It will further discuss issues that could obscure this outlook and also look at what the possibilities of the...
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...you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking. Don’t settle. As with all matters of the heart, you’ll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don’t settle.“ –Steve Jobs Specialties CV / Resume Writing Services Abridged CV Writing Service Free CV Review Executive Career Biographies/ Profile Writing Service Cover Letter Writing Service LinkedIn Profile Writing Service Translating Afrikaans to English CV Writing Service Business/Company Profile Writing Service Afrikaans CV Writing Service Ek praat jou taal! Dit is soms baie moeilik vir Afrikaans sprekende mense om 'n goeie Engelse CV op te stel. En moenie my glo nie, doen 'n vinnige soek met Google en kyk na die Afrikaanse webwerwe. Meeste wemel met 'n magdom van foute, die Afrikaans is van so 'n aard dat ek dit amper nie verstaan nie en daar is baie min mense wat bereid is om jou CV in Engels te vertaal teen dieselfde koste van 'n CV opstel. Ek sal jou help! Ek sal jou CV in besigheids Engels vertaal of indien jy verkies, sal ek jou Afrikaanse CV in 'n professionele dokument omskep. Terms of Service Please read and understand the following terms of service for all products. ♦ Proof of payment for any selected service is required before commencement of any work. ♦ I do not guarantee that clients will secure a new position, only that I...
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...the years progressing the famous war; which resulted in a social code, dominated by race to maintain the economic, political and social dominance of the Imperialists in the cape. Colonial authority (in the cape) was based on the notion that Europeans in the colonies were a biological and social superior entity in comparison to the indigenous people. Therefore, the date of the arrival of the foreign settler to South Africa marks the date a social racial hierarchy was established (Reference). Colonialism is the policy and practice of a power in extending control over weaker peoples or areas (Collins dictionary). Evidently practiced in south Africa with the influx of foreign settlers, mainly from.. (Reference). Apartheid (which is an Afrikaans word meaning "apartness") was a political and social system in South Africa while it was under the rule of the white minority. It was a policy of segregation and political and economic discrimination against non-European groups in the Republic of South Africa. (Reference). A regressive government policy that encouraged racial segregation and that was only officially renounced in 1992. (Collins dictionary). Eugenics is the study of methods of improving the quality of the human race, especially by selective breeding (Collins dictionary) and is link closely to scientific racism. Scientific racism is the use of scientific techniques and hypotheses to support or justify the belief in racism, racial inferiority, or racial superiority, or alternatively...
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...and/or appearance is okay. These stereotypes affect how we treat other people and how people treat you. I've never suffered like African Americans or poor people do with stereotyping, so i've never truly been affected by stereotypes. I'm a typical white girl living in the suburbs. I'm not the skinniest, I wear the same few black outfits everyday because i dont have the confidence to wear anything else. People stereotype me as to lazy to wear anything else and are standoffish to talk to me because they think i will mean due to my RBF. But what I went through was nothing my friend ilana had to go through. Ilana was a 15 year old girl who moved from Dubai, United Arab Emirates to Cedar Park, Texas as a new incoming Freshman. Her ethnicity is Afrikaans, which is a White South...
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...Curriculum Vitae Of Xavier Cooper NAME : Xavier Cooper Personal Details Surname : Cooper Full Names : Xavier Wilray Emmerald Known As : Xavier Address : 18 Catherine Road : Salsoneville : Port Elizabeth : 6059 Telephone Number - Work : 041 402 8800 Home : 041 481 7519 * Cell : 0820815140 * E-mail : Xavier.Cooper@autocast.co.za Identity Number : 701018 5211 085 Home Language : English Other Languages : Afrikaans Notice Period : 1 Month Educational Profile Education and Training Schooling High School : Bethelsdorp High School Year Completed :1990 Standard Attained :Matric Subjects Passed :English, Afrikaans, Biology, Geograhy, Business Economics, Accounting. Higher Education Institution :Bethelsdorp Technical College Year Completed :1992 Qualification Attained :N2 Certificate Subjects Passed :Mathematics, Engineering Science Engineering Drawings, Toolmakers Theory. N3 Drawings. Other Studies/Courses :PC Upgrade and repair Employment Profile Most Recent Employer ...
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...Gay Language in Cape Town: A study of Gayle – attitudes, history and usage AXL 5301W - Minor Dissertation by Kathryn Luyt, BA (Hons) Cape Town Student number: LYTKAT001 Minor Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS BY COURSEWORK AND DISSERTATION LINGUISTICS SPECIALISATION in the Department of African and Gender Studies, Anthropology and Linguistics Faculty of Humanities UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN February 2014 Supervisor: Professor Rajend Mesthrie The financial assistance of the National Research Foundation (NRF) towards this research is hereby acknowledged. Opinions expressed and conclusions arrived at, are those of the author and are not necessarily to be attributed to the NRF. University of Cape Town The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or noncommercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town 1 MA in Linguistics Minor Dissertation PLAIGIARISM DECLARATION 1. I know that plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is to use another’s work and pretend that it is one’s own. 2. Each significant contribution to and quotation in this minor dissertation from the work(s) of other people, has been acknowledged through citation...
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...reached a height of material cultural development in the 10th and 15th centuries. White people first came into contact with Bantu speakers on the Eastern Cape in the 16th century. The word Bantu became hated by Africans because it became a part of apartheid. From 1977, the word 'Bantu' was slowly replaced by the word 'black'. 10. Afrikaners- “The modern Afrikaner was a descendent mainly from Western Europeans who settled on the southern tip of Africa during the middle of the 17th century” (SAHO). Portuguese mariners founded the passage to the East round Cape Point in 1488. 11. Afrikaans- The term Afrikaans is a language spoken in South Africa. It belongs to the the Western German Branch of the Indo-European language family. Many people across South Africa speak Afrikaans, “it is spoken by 6.9 million people as a first language and by 10.3 million people as a second language” (Thompson). Afrikaans is Dutch for ‘African’, and was used by dutch settlers when it was brought to the Cape area between 1652 and 1705. 12. Cape of Good Hope-The Cape of Good Hope is known for its rough seas and stormy weather. It was first sighted by the Portuguese navigator, Bartolomeu Dias, in 1488 on his way back to Portugal. One historical document noted “Dias named it Cape of Storms and that John II of Portugal renamed it Cape of Good Hope, because its discovery was a good omen that India could be reached by sea from Europe; other sources attribute its present name to Dias himself” (Britannica)...
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...Education is the foundation, the root, the sprout from which our current and next generation will lead and engender from. Therefore, having the best educational system in the world ensures me, you and our children a fighting change, albeit pugnacious. This statement is disseminated and broadcasted as fact and the average Joe accepts it as the truth. However, this essay will point directly at the historical and political impediment existing in and on the emotion of the number one South African, me. My essay taunts the question:”As a 40 year old white Afrikaans man, where do I stand in the South African educational system?”, and does it conform to the statement to be the best in the world. I ask the question in all honesty and respect. I am reflecting on education I attained as an Afrikaans “silver spoon in the mouth” little brat right through to my more sensible self Technical College tuition and my current B-COM studies as a self reliant adult. Historically, my peers and I were advantaged by the system in place, much more than our counterparts in the townships and homelands. I believe that the powers ruled then had only the best intentions for the educational portfolio, albeit it was one-sided in the racial arena. The story of our lives. The institutions that were build and the standards academically set was internationally very high. I firmly believe this basis where we as the new generation sprung from, was based on the system already in place. The difference is, now we...
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...night with their captive who they took because ‘colored’, probably referring to a man with a nationality of maybe Asian, South American etc. It is a racist way of calling a man, concerning his skin color. It doesn’t say exactly what happens to this man, but it kind of hints out that these men are here to beat this guy up, probably to his death, just because he has a different skin color. Also because he is an educated man who is a teacher. This is because in that time the people believed that men with darker skin colors shouldn’t have had an education or be treated just the same as ‘white’ people. The language style in “lemon orchard” is very interesting. Throughout the story these men speak English, but throw in every now and then some Afrikaans/Dutch words or phrases e.g. hotnot, kaffir, wag’n oomblikkie, oom etc. The rest of the language is pretty descriptive, and in the end there is a beautiful...
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...The Rise and Fall of De Beer’s Diamond Cartel and Apartheid Introduction Diamonds have always been seen as rare and precious which lead to its expensive price tag. Prior to the 19th century diamonds were rare and scarce because there were only two places on Earth that they could be found and even nobility found them difficult to acquire. In America, Diamonds are seen as the jewel of preference for engagement and wedding rings, as well as, the signature stone to have in your jewelry collection. De Beers and Oppenheimer have succeeded in fostering the image that diamonds are the ‘must have’ jewel through aggressive advertisement campaigns. Unfortunately, the demand for this jewel has resulted in apartheid and blood diamonds. I will explore the creation of the diamond cartel, the catastrophic results of the industry on its mother countries, and the decline of the diamond cartel. The Rise of DeBeers Prior to the 19th century, most of the diamonds were found in Brazil and India until an abundant discovery was made in South Africa around 1867. The diamonds were so plentiful that miner’s fond them lying on the ground like stones and were easily collected. When the surface supply was consumed, miners began to dig to meet demands. As word spread of the new diamond discovery miners started to lay claim to the different areas. Miners soon found the expenses of extracting the diamonds excessive and some miners merged to form small companies to offset their costs. “De Beers Mining...
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...international encyclopedia of the social sciences apartheid is defined as a word in Afrikaans that originally meant “apartness” or “separateness.” Now it is the internationally recognized term for the policies of strict racial segregation and political and economic domination of blacks (Africans, “Coloreds,” and Asians) pursued by the National Party government of South Africa. According to Anthony Lemon of Geographic Review, apartheid can be described as the most ambitious contemporary exercise in applied geography which shaped South Africa’s social, economic and political geography to an extent more usually associated with the command economies of former communist countries. Throughout the history of South Africa there has been a division between whites and blacks but in the 1960s South Africa had a high economic growth, trade with Western countries grew, and investors from the United States, France and Britain wanted a piece of the action which crushed the resistance among blacks. Since 1964, Mandela, leader of the African National Congress, had been in prison on Robben Island just off the coast from Capetown, and it appeared that South Africa’s security forces could handle any resistance to apartheid. In the seventies the white supremacy of South Africa began fading. In 1976 South Africa’s Nationalist Party passed a law prohibiting instruction in schools to be in any language but Afrikaans and English. In 1978 the defense minister of the Nationalist Party, P.W. Botha, became...
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