...Ieva Massehian ECON 303 N. Pulchritudoff March 7, 2015 Robert Reich’s Aftershock: The Next Economy and America’s Future Robert Reich, former secretary of labor in B. Clinton administration and current professor of Public policy in University of California, Berkley starts his 12th book “Aftershock: The next Economy and America’s future” from presenting well known cause of 2008 economic crisis: ““For too long,” Geithner says, referring to the period leading up to the financial bust, “Americans were buying too much and saving too little.” However, soon it becomes clear that Reich has different point of view what really happened in the wake of the one of the worst economic crisis in world’s history. Author starts his argument by looking back to America’s history and analyzing Great Depression and Great Recession. He is inspired by chairman of Federal Reserve board M. Eccles who was convinced that purchasing power of middle class was reduced by uneven distribution of income. “He draws heavily on his thinking, that the blame lies on a similar but worse economic trauma—the Great Depression—on the vast accumulation of income in the hands of the wealthy in the ’20s, which siphoned purchasing power away from other Americans.” This situation compromised the growth of economy and the economy collapsed. Reich agrees that the stagnation of middle-class buying power has been a drag on growth. “If earnings are inadequate,” he asserts, “an economy produces more goods and services...
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...The New Madrid earthquakes of 1811–12, were three large earthquakes that happened near New Madrid, Missouri, from December 1811 to February 1812. There were thousands of aftershocks, about 1,874 of them were so large that they could be felt 190 miles away as far as Louisville, Kentucky. It is unknown how many lives were lost during the quakes. Scholars say that the number most likely wasn’t very large. The area that was affected by the quakes had a small population. The main one of the shocks produced by this quake happened around in the morning on December 16th in 1811. It is thought to have happened because of movement along the a fault in Arkansas. It was then followed by three considerably large aftershocks that had magnitudes that ranged...
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...RHODES UNIVERSITY – EARTH SCIENCE 101 ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Name: | Sopazi, Sebenzile | Student Number: | G11s5764 | Course: | Earth101 | Lecturer/Tutor: | Mark Raines | Title: | Magnitude 9 Tohoku earthquake | Word Count: | 420 | Due Date: | 9 March 2012 | Date of Electronic Submission | 09March 2012 | Date of Hardcopy Submission | 09 March 2012 | PLAGIARISM DECLARATION (adapted from the declaration presented in the Rhodes University Plagiarism Policy: http://scifac.ru.ac.za/plag2008.doc) * I know that plagiarism means taking and using the ideas, writings, works or inventions of another as if they were one’s own. I know that plagiarism not only includes verbatim copying, but also the extensive use of another person’s ideas without proper acknowledgement (including the proper use of quotation marks). I know that plagiarism covers this sort of use of material found in textual sources and from the Internet. * I acknowledge and understand that plagiarism is wrong. * I understand that my research must be accurately referenced. I have followed the rules and conventions concerning referencing, citation and the use of quotations as set out in the Departmental Guide. * This assignment is my own work, or my group’s own unique group assignment. I acknowledge that copying someone else’s assignment, or part of it, is wrong, and that submitting identical work to others constitutes a form of plagiarism. * I have not allowed, nor will I in the future...
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...In Robert Reich's book ,"Aftershock", he talks about many subjects that deal with the economy but on a deeper level, he asks the question of survival. Whether it be from bullies, wealthy "fat-cats," or depression, he mainly wants to give people helpful advice on how to survive. Although I haven't had much experience with economic depression, I do have many experiences with survival. Question "How Do We Survive?" Arresting Opening Scene Hell has no pity and neither does the wilderness. It howls in delight at pain and chitters gleefully at suffering. The man who goes into the wilderness, and doesn't leave, does so to die. To be stripped of all he is in the most painful manner, like a surgeon who's forgotten to administer the anesthetic to the...
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...every direction. This shaking is what we know as earthquakes and the seismic waves are how they are rated based on severity. The L.A. area is located where slip rate of the plates is well known. The slip rates of the San Andreas Fault is calculated by its size and the rate that one plate moves compared to the other. The soft soil and near surface materials have low wave velocity which create more shaking as compared to hard rock. Observing the shear wave velocity can assist in estimating potential seismic activity. Energy released from slipping rocks on the fault line can travel many miles. The location at which this slip occurs is known as the focus and epicenter is directly above the focus on the earth’s surface. Earthquakes can create aftershocks that can produce more earthquakes for several months. Earthquake shaking hazards can be calculated based on earthquake history, fault slip rates, and can be used to predict earthquake probabilities and hazard zones. L.A.’s urban environment creates higher hazard zones and can cause more damage per capita. There are three main hazards zones that have been created for...
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...American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites Us Robert Putnam & David Campbell Summary Points: Changes in American Religiosity & Tolerance (Chapters 3, 4, 5, and 15) Chapter 3 & 4: Religiosity in America Lifecycle, Generational, and Period Effect Change Ø Most people’s religious views and habits are formed fairly early in life. All of us tend to evolve in fairly predictable ways as we age, following what social scientists call life cycle patterns. These patterns produce a kind of life cycle escalator toward greater religiosity as an individual ages. Ø However, people born and raised in different eras get onto that escalator at different levels. People raised in a less religious era may never become as observant as people raised in a more observant time… Such a difference between people born and raised in different eras is termed by social scientists a generational effect. Ø Both generational and life cycle patterns involve change, but in pure form they produce very different...
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...IC: The innovations in the map from the methodology developed by a team from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. It took creativity to develop the innovations and methods for the map to have greater use. v. SN: This product has been reviewed by the California Earthquake Prediction Evaluation Council. The council needs communication and negations to come up with a sound review on the product. d. I would probably check the map every few months at the most. Because the data refers more to the probability of aftershocks and foreshocks that occur after a earthquake. The article explicitly states that it doesn’t predict earthquakes, so there is still a great chance of random earthquakes which means there is risk to take account when living in California. e. If I lived near San Francisco I would put a great amount of trust in this map, because the probability in that area is above 1 in 10,000 of experiencing MMI VI. But with having about .01% of a chance of strong shaking to occur, I would probably not react in a severe manner. 4. Flips a. ½ x ½ x ½ = 1/8. The probability of all three will turns up heads is 12.5% or .12 b. (½ x ½)+ ½= 3/8. the probability of that the 1985 turns up tails while the other tow turn up heads is a 37.5% or .375...
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...Early Saturday morning, February 27th, around 3:30 am, a massive earthquake rocked south central Chile. The epicenter was just off the coast of Chile’s second largest city, Concepcion. I was in Santiago at the time, approximately 300 miles north of Concepcion, with plans to fly to Concepcion on Sunday to teach a class at the University there. I had just arrived in Santiago Friday morning, February 26th, and spent the day site-seeing and getting used to my “meager” accommodations. Actually, the room is quite nice, for the price and it has a kitchenette. However, the wireless internet was not working in my room. Friday night, I had a great time at dinner with old friends of mine, who are residents of Santiago, Patricio and Macarena Banados. Dinner traditionally happens very late in Chile, and I returned to my hotel around 12:30 am. I was very tired from the overnight flight and the time difference, so I fell asleep very quickly while watching BBC (the only English language channel on the TV). At about 3:30 am, local Chilean time, I woke up to a rumble. I was lying in bed and it began to shake a little. Living on the west coast, I’ve felt a few earthquakes in the past. There was one in Portland, while I was on spring break from college in 1993. Like the Chilean one, it too abruptly woke me up. However, the Portland earthquake was more of a novelty. I believe it was about a 5.6 on the Richter scale. I woke up, wobbled over to my window and stood there watching for anything to happen...
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...The earthquake that took place in Haiti on Tuesday, January 12, 2010 was a devastating and tragic natural disaster. It was located at 18.457°N latitude and 72.533°W longitude ("USGS- Science for a Changing World"). The depth of the earthquake was 13 kilometers, or 8.1 miles in distance into the ground ("USGS- Science for a Changing World"). This earthquake was not very deep, and fell under the category of a shallow earthquake, which can occur anywhere from 0-70 km from the surface of the earth. In UTC time, this earthquake occurred at 21:53:10, which is the equivalent of 4:53:10 PM local time in Haiti ("USGS- Science for a Changing World"). The main shock of the Haiti earthquake was a magnitude of 7.0 on the Richter scale, which means that a large amount of damage would be expected near the epicenter ("2010 Haiti Earthquake"). According to our notes, earthquakes with this magnitude only occur about 20 times per year. The strike-slip fault system located in the region Haiti is in contains two branches: the Septentrional-Oriente fault in the north and the Enriquillo-Plaintain Garden fault in the south. Both the location and orientation of the Enriquillo-Plaintain Garden fault suggest that the January 2010 quake was caused by its rupturing. The cause of this was that the fault had been locked for 250 years, gathering stress. The rupture was about 60 kilometers long ("2010 Haiti Earthquake"). According to Wikipedia, the earthquake occurred in the vicinity of the northern boundary...
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...More than 10,000 people die each year because of earthquakes. The most famous earthquake was on April 18, 1906, in San Francisco. This earthquake killed more than 3,000 people. Earthquakes happen when tectonic plates below the Earth collide, causing the Earth to move or split apart. Earthquakes are one of the most destructive/deadliest natural disasters in the world. Earthquakes occur when two blocks (tectonic plates) below the earth slide past each other causing friction. The surface where the plates slide past each other is called a fault line. The place below the earth’s surface where the earthquake starts is called the hypocenter, and the place above the earth’s surface is called the epicenter. Sometimes earthquakes have foreshocks. Foreshocks...
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...The Earth: It’s Shifting Plates & the Consequences The Earth is a combination of sand, rocks, molten lava; this definition would force one to conclude that our world is a contradiction in terms. This is not the case, we dwell on solid rock that is the surface of the Earth; the overwhelming facets of the Earth exist below the surface. It is here that we will find the tectonic plates of the Earth and cause for Earthquakes. An earthquake occurs as the two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another (usgs.gov). Generally a quake will occur without warning, although many times there may be a foreshock (smaller earthquake near epicenter, similar to an aftershock), which is usually mistaken for the Earthquake until the actual higher magnitude quake occurs. These shifts seem to happen without warning, however, upon observation and tracking of geological survey, structures, and pattern, it is possible to decipher the probable location of an earthquake. The United States Geological Survey map is a valuable tool when attempting to decipher whether a particular state is an Earthquake hotspot. Upon review of the Geological survey, one will notice that Pacific coast and the islands in the Pacific Ocean are furthermost susceptible to the quakes. Hazard levels range the low teens to over fifty percent. Kentucky, Tennessee and Missouri rest on the New Madrid Fault line; subsequently these are states that share the red zone symbolizing the greatest risk for activity. We will...
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...Japan Earthquake 2011 Facts about the earthquake * A massive 9.0-magnitude earthquake struck Japan, Friday afternoon, on 11 March 2011 at 0546 GMT * The quake was centered 130 kilometers to the east of Sendai. * A tsunami was sent crashing into the country’s north-eastern coast. * It was originally reported at a magnitude of 7.9, but later was upgraded to 8.9 and then to a 9.0. * It lasted 6 minutes. * That makes it the fifth largest recorded worldwide since 1900, according to the U.S. Geological Service, larger than the 7.9-magnitude Great Kanto Earthquake that devastated Tokyo in 1923 or the 6.8 magnitude quake that hit Kobe in 1995. * It had 10,000 times more energy than the magnitude 6.3 earthquake in Christchurch, New Zealand, which struck 17 days earlier The Cause * Japan is located on the east edge of the Eurasian Plate. * The oceanic Pacific Plate subducts the Eurasian Plate. * This plate margin is “destructive” – it is not a smooth process, friction is present and the plates stick. * When the plates stick, tension builds up. * When this pressure builds up and is released, it causes a rapid shift in the plates and a lot of energy to be release, in this case about the same as the annual energy output of the UK. Impact * Japan was largely prepared for the earthquake and many buildings remained standing afterwards...
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...seconds | Short | Areal extent | Widespread | | Limited | Spatial predictability | Random | | Predictable | Frequency | Frequent | 2010 earthquake had frequent aftershocks (over 14,000) | Rare | Facts Country Profile- NEW ZEALAND | LocationThe group of islands is located in Oceania, southeast of Australia, in the South Pacific Ocean. The 2 main islands are North Island and South Island. | Map | PopulationNZ: 4,438,393(Christchurch: 366,100) | HDI 0.913 (9th) | GDP (US $)$166 billion | GDP per capita (US $)$36,400 | Government Parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm | Political Stability | What happened? | Magnitude / LocationSeptember 4th earthquake occurred along an east-west fault (not Alpine Fault), associated with the motion of the two tectonic plates. Fault that caused the earthquake was under the Canterbury Plains- flatlands between the Southern Alps and the Pacific Ocean. The quake was centred around 45km west of Christchurch. February 2nd epicentre was 10km away from Christchurch with a shallow focus of 5km. This earthquake caused much more damage and had a greater impact on the area. | Time / Speed of onset / DurationFriday, September 03, 2010 at 16:35 PMSaturday, September 04, 2010 at 04:35 AM at epicentre, lasting 40 seconds.February 02, 2011 at 12:51 PM, an aftershock of the September earthquake struck in the middle of a busy weekday, with correspondingly more lethal consequences. | Tectonic situation (words)New Zealand is located...
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...Adrian Howley Classical Argument Reporting earthquakes are very critical to studying the behavior of tectonic plates. The very first recorded earthquake occurred in the year 1831 B.C. and is currently known today as the 526 Antioch Earthquake. The area affected was Antioch, China (located between the Syria and Turkey regions). Not much is known about how the report was formed. However, this historic report did include information about how the aftershocks lasted for twelve months. Other details from this report indicate that the death toll is around 250,000 to 300,000 casualties. Scientists today can only prove that the earthquake occurred between May 20 and May 29 (date translated from B.C. to Calendar Year). The first instrument to measure the seismic waves of earthquakes was invented by Charles F. Richter at the California Institute of Technology. (Bellis, 2013) He introduced his new instrument called the Richter scale, to the world of science. His invention allows scientists today to study the mechanics behind earthquakes and locate the epicenter to which the natural disaster originated. The largest earthquake recorded by the Richter scale was measured on May 22, 1960 at a magnitude of 9.5. The quake resulted in 1,886 deaths, 2,000,000 homeless, and $1,175,000,000 total in damages. (“The Largest Earthquake”, [PDF file]) If we want to see these large numbers slide down to zero, the impossible will need to be challenged by science. Skyscrapers are buildings consisting...
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...The earthquake and the tsunami on the Indian Ocean (2004) On 26th of December 2004, the most horrible nightmare came true for the people living in the countries located on the Indian Ocean; Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka and the Maldives. It’s one of those episodes that still are remembered today and are in the back of people’s minds. It was series of underground-earthquakes that were triggered, and the first and the most powerful earthquake at magnitude 9,3 on the Richter’s scale. It began 7:58 AM (Indonesia’s time). The earthquake was starting, and Jakarta’s geophysics institute registered it at magnitude 6.5 at the Richter’s scale. The United States Geological Survey reported the magnitude was at 8.1, but after analyses it was then increased to 8.5, afterwards 8.9, and at the end 9.0. After 16 minutes, a warning was published by Hawaii. The biggest disaster struck after 30 minutes, though, when strong waves (that were up to 10 meters high) began hitting the west coast of Sumatra. Only 1 to 2 hours later, the waves came to Thailand, south Myanmar and parts of Malaysia. In Sri Lanka, the waves came 1 to 2 hours after the earthquake. The waves that hit Maldives 4 hours later were not as strong, though… they were still stronger than the waves that hit Kenya, Somalia and Tanzania 6 to 7 hours thereafter. Like I mentioned, the earthquake was first measured at 6.5 at the Richter’s scale, but at the end (after analyses), it was measured at 9.3. The hypocenter...
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