...Some notes on case study methodology for Action COST project Draft (06-08-08) Salvador Parrado Table of contents CASE STUDIES AND THEIR RATIONALE 1 CASE STUDY DESIGN 2 Research question 2 Research objectives 3 Specification of variables 3 Case selection 3 Describing the variance in variables 3 Formulation of data requirements and general questions 3 CONSIDERATIONS FOR CASE STUDY DESIGN 3 Causal mechanisms and process tracing: clarification notes 3 Typological theory: clarification notes 3 APPENDIX - RESEARCH QUESTIONS FROM COST ACTION PARTICIPANTS 3 LITERATURE 3 CASE STUDIES AND THEIR RATIONALE This note sets some options for discussing a case study methodology for COST Action project -CRIPO. The note is subject to discussion (COST session in Rotterdam 5- September 2008) not only on the methodological aspects to be followed but also on the applied options for COST project. This section is devoted to justify the usefulness of case studies. Those who are already persuaded may skip it. Case studies are helpful in numerous ways. The definition offered by (Seawright and Gerring, 2008 p. 296) is useful: “the intensive (qualitative or quantitative) analysis of a single unit or a small number of units (the cases), where the researcher’s goal is to understand a larger class of similar units (a population of cases). There is thus an inherent problem of inference from the sample...
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...The purpose of this qualitative case study is to examine what contributes persistence of single parents pursuing a college degree. Qualitative methods like case studies are ideal to explore topics where little is known, to make sense of complex situations, to gain new insights about phenomena, construct themes in order to explain phenomena, and to ultimately foster a deeper understanding of the phenomena (Smith &Becker, 2008, p. 3). Qualitative research methods give insight on the direct experiences of participants. Therefore, this study utilizes a qualitative case study to explore the influence of persistence on single parents' to obtain a higher education degree. Design This study will use a qualitative case study design. A qualitative...
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...high-risk families, whose children have already been maltreated. But, as Jane Waldfogel explains, it has also begun developing prevention procedures for children at lower risk—those who are referred to CPS but whose cases do not meet the criteria for ongoing services. Preventive services delivered by CPS to high-risk families, says Waldfogel, typically include case management and supervision. The families may also receive one or more other preventive services, including individual and family counseling, respite care, parenting education, housing assistance, substance abuse treatment, child care, and home visits. Researchers generally find little evidence, however, that these services reduce the risk of subsequent maltreatment, although there is some promising evidence on the role of child care. Many families receive few services beyond periodic visits by usually overburdened caseworkers, and the services they do receive are often poor in quality. Preventive services for lower-risk families often focus on increasing parents’ understanding of the developmental stages of childhood and on improving their child-rearing competencies. The evidence base on the effectiveness of these services remains thin. Most research focuses on home-visiting and parent education programs. Studies of home...
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...There are a number of strategies that are able to be considered to support not only children and young people but the parents and families where abuse is suspected or confirmed. These strategies refer to a plan of action in order to achieve a particular goal, an example of this could be that they are able to minimise the actual or potential impact of abuse or poverty that may occur within families. The aim of strategies for children and young people are in place to protect these individuals from being abused or exploited in some way and by using strategies these are able to reduce the risk of abuse, and help children and young people realise they have a ‘right to be safe, secure and free from harm’. (Snaith.M, 2010) Moreover, It can be shown wherever possible the importance of working alongside parents and families of children and young people in order to acknowledge trust and respect from them. This ensures that parents and families believe therefore everyone is working together for the good of the child or young person in danger. A strategy that could be considered in relation to the case study is to encourage the development of parenting skills. This would be beneficial for the parents of baby K as parenting skills do not come naturally to many people. Within the case study, as the nineteen year old is seen to be a young mother and with mild learning difficulties this could mean she sometimes does not understand what a child may need, this can be shown through the mother...
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...Historically, the symbolic definition of the ‘home’ represents a sanctuary and safe haven from the negative pressures and forces present in society. The ideology of home represents a sacred and consecrated institution which is responsible for providing individuals with refuge and safety. Often, the concept of home is broader than a physical dwelling, and encompasses an emotional characteristic, which often rids individuals of their worldly cares and reinforces their focus on the people and things they love. Since, it is widely regarded that humans, specifically children, are creatures of habit, the state of one’s home has been known to physiologically influence their behavior, emotions, and overall mental and physical health (Leichsenring, 2003). More specifically, the home provides a basis for enculturation, where it establishes the grounds for accepted norms and values within a social framework; dictating what is culturally permissible within this social setting. For children, the enculturation into the guidelines, rituals, expectations and social practices and assumptions present within the home, orients them, by providing a sense of acceptance, belonging and reality. Typically, the widespread assumptions of safety, protection and wellbeing for children are often associated with the dynamic between the family and home. However, recent revelations indicate that the home is increasingly becoming the grounds for the physical victimization of children. Children being vulnerable...
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...that are reevaluating their views on adoption regulations. States like California and New York, states with liberals and modern outlooks, are leading the pack in changing adoption standards. Whereas states like Kentucky and Mississippi, states with conservatives and traditional views, have refused to budge on certain regulations. However, all fifty states do share some commonalities. These include the requirements of a home study and a stable financial status. This paper will discuss all of these regulations, while also reviewing where each particular regulation occurs. Regulating Factors on Adoption in the US “We’re sorry, but you won’t be able to adopt a child with us.” A couple has just been told that their dreams of starting a family won’t be coming true any time soon. This couple, a young man and his wife, tried to have children for a long while before they found out it wasn’t possible. So, determined and hopeful, they went searching for other ways to start a family. The couple went through all of the questions and completed the home study; today was the day they would find out whether or not they were qualified to adopt a child. As one could probably gather, they weren’t. But why though? Why would a young husband and wife be denied the chance to adopt a child into their...
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...children’s fundаmentаl right (Forrester 2011, p. 4). The pаrentаl substаnce misuse hаs physicаl, behаviourаl, sociаl аnd emotionаl or mentаl consequences for the children. Parental substance Misuse is a major issue that has captured the attention of social worker and professional as well as policy makers with regard to wellbeing and needs of a child (Murphy & Harbin, 2003, p.354). The National Treatment Agency (2012, p.3) notes that over 50% of the total adults undergoing drug treatment in 2012 were parents of which a third (66,193) were living with children under the age of 18. Out of these, those who live with their children are 40,852 while those who live with children who are not theirs are 25,341. While not all parents with substance misuse problems harm their children, past research evidence has indicated that there is a solid relationship amid parental drug abuse and negative outcomes for the child (Murphy & Harbin, 2003, p. 357). This is mainly attributed to the reduced ability of the parents to provide emotional and practical for the children (The National Treatment Agency, 2012). Different research findings which have investigated child outcomes due to parental substance abuse, have...
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...in the kitchen and grocery store. In the kitchen and grocery store, Morgan displays great independence, requiring little prompting or direction to complete her task. Morgan states she would enjoy living in an apartment with a roommate after high school. When asked what she wanted to be doing when she is 25, Morgan states she would like to attend a cooking school and work in a restaurant as a cook. She states working in a grocery store while she is in school would be good to pay the bills until she finished cooking school. Assessments Enderle-Severson Transition Rating Scales Morgan and her parents will complete the Enderle-Severson Transition Rating Scales (ESTR-J); designed for mild disabilities of any age. The rating scales can be completed jointly or separately; however, Morgan will complete the rating scales at school with minimal assistance since her parents have not been supportive of her completing tasks at home and...
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...A sad rise in unwanted births each year has contributed to the overwhelming need for qualified parents with love to give, who would know there is no joy greater than that of parenthood. There are not enough same-sex couples or straight individuals who are qualified and willing to adopt the many children that currently reside within the foster care system. Many can not support these children, they have biological children of their own, or they simply do not want children at this point in life. The final result remains, an alarming number of unwanted children in need of stability and unconditional love. There is a solution to this devastating issue. There is a rising amount of openly gay couples and some of them would love nothing more than to have a family of their own, but it is still illegal for homosexual couples to adopt children in some states and these state governments continue to make this process difficult for all involved. Throughout the United States, and in other countries as well, there are kids awaiting a forever family and eager...
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...and can be applied to most any case in order to attain the desired medical and caring outcomes. The presented discussion will support this perspective of Orem’s theory. The paper begins with a brief overview of the theory which is then followed by a delineation of a non-nursing theory that supports one or more of Orem’s self-care notions. The next section of the paper presents a historical overview of the evolution of Orem’s theory, a delineation of the concepts central to the metaparadigm, and an exploration of the theory’s usefulness in education and research. The final section of the paper applies the theory to a particular case. A model of the theory is presented in Appendix A. Orem’s Self-Care Theory Alligood and Marriner-Tomey (2001) state that conceptual or theoretical models of nurse practice are pivotal to the field, providing the profession with a guide to patient care and with a general frame of reference that connects the structural environment to the patters of behavior and relationships within the organization. The Orem Self-Care Model of Nursing (Orem, Taylor & McLaughlin, 2003) is one such model. According to Seedhouse (2000), the Orem Self-Care Model of Nursing conceptualizes the central role of nursing as assisting the patient with self-care where the term “self-care” is defined as those activities that individuals engage in to maintain life, health and well-being. In Orem’s model, one key notion is the “self-care agency” which is defined as a person who...
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...Agency Costs, Mispricing, and Ownership Structure* Sergey Chernenko Ohio State University C. Fritz Foley Harvard Business School and NBER Robin Greenwood Harvard Business School and NBER March 2012 Abstract Standard theories of corporate ownership assume that because markets are efficient, insiders ultimately bear all agency costs that they create and therefore have a strong incentive to minimize conflicts of interest with outside investors. We argue that if equity is overvalued, however, mispricing offsets agency costs and can induce a controlling shareholder to list equity. Higher valuations may support listings associated with greater agency costs. We test the predictions that follow from this idea on a sample of publicly listed subsidiaries in Japan. Subsidiaries in which the parent sells a larger stake and subsidiaries with greater scope for expropriation by the parent firm are more overpriced at listing, and minority shareholders fare poorly after listing as mispricing corrects. Parent firms often repurchase subsidiaries at large discounts to valuations at the time of listing and experience positive abnormal returns when repurchases are announced. * We thank Malcolm Baker, Mihir Desai, Masako Egawa, Alp Ercil, Yasushi Hamao, Sam Hanson, Naoki Kamiyama, David Matsa, David Scharfstein, Andrei Shleifer, Jeremy Stein, Kenji Wada, Lucy White, and seminar participants at Georgetown, Harvard, IESE, the...
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...Case Study: Fetal Abnormality Briante Bankston Grand Canyon University: HLT-302 Professor Waddell May 23, 2013 Moral Case Study: Fetal Abnormality All throughout life we go through and sometimes have to face and deal with the most challenging and unexpected circumstances. Thankfully, we have the ability to take a moment and think wisely about our choices. Because that is ultimately what life is about making decisions. In the Case Study: Fetal Abnormality Jessica and Marco are faced with some unfortunate news from Dr.Wilson, that the fetus Jessica was carrying was not likely to develop any arms and had a quarter of a chance of having Down syndrome. They were faced with a couple of options to deal with the situation accordingly which was either to keep, abort, or give the baby up for adoption. However, each of the individuals involved gave their recommendation for action based on the different moral status theories. When it comes to Aunt Maria, I would associate two theories with her, which is the moral agency and the relationship theory. For one she is involving God in the equation as being a factor in the decision making process for both Jessica and Marco in regards to aborting the fetus. Immediately when she mentioned God and the fact that He intended the pregnancy to happen, me being a Christian, I know that He makes no mistakes and for Jessica and Marco to go along with the abortion it would be seen as sinful. “ Thou shalt not kill”. (Exodus...
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...neglect, and death have put a greater challenge on Grandparents living arrangements. With the increase of divorce, the lack of child care, the demands placed on a single parent to enter the work force to financially support a household has also added to the increase of Grandparent participation in the raising of their grandchildren. In the past, Grandparents worked to support their families and looked forward to the day of their retirement and possible social activities of leisure. These goals have decreased significantly as Grandparents have had to take on the role of sole caregivers and active participates in raising their minor age grandchildren. Grandparents find that their age, income status, health limitations and the challenges with the children, affect their everyday life. The Legal System and Child Welfare Agencies rely on the next of kin to assist with immediate placements but have not included immediate legal ramifications to ensure that the Grandparents well-being as well as the child is taken into immediate account to ensure the least restrictive environment for both parties involved. Annotations Backhouse, J. and Graham, A. (2012), Grandparents raising grandchildren: negotiating the complexities of role-identity conflict. Child & Family Social Work, 17: 306–315. This article is a study that...
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...Inter-country Adoption: A Brief Background and Case Study Inter-country adoption (ICA) is a practice that has gained popularity over the years, and there is every reason to believe this trend will continue. For couples (or individuals) whose country of residence has few healthy babies available for adoption, going outside the country for a child is a desirable option. It is also desirable from the perspective of the child, who usually comes from a country with more available children than potential adoptive parents. Right away, these seem to be two very compelling reasons to support the idea of inter-country adoption, and work toward its best model. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of inter-country adoption using India as a case study. The paper will give a brief background of ICA and the main problems it both addresses and raises, then look at the case of India in particular, and, finally, provide some directions for policy and further research. Background on ICA ICA began in earnest as a response by North American countries to the post-WWII devastation. At that point, it was a humanitarian reaction to the needs of the newly-orphaned children in Europe. Since that time, ICA has shifted its focus to become a means for individuals in the developed world to have children. In most Western nations, the number of healthy infants available for adoption has been steadily decreasing, due to a number of social and economic factors including widespread...
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...High Employee Turn Over in Department of Family Protective Services and How to Reduce Turnover: Fort Bend County As Case Study. Leadership and Organization Behavior (MGMT-591) ABSTRACT A brief discussion about the Department of Family and Protective Services and the issue of high turnover of the workforce and suggestion on what the department can do further in ensuring workers retention becomes high. The agency is charged with one of the most difficult societal task and needs qualified and experience workforce in order to fulfil their mission and objectives. However in a world with many organization demanding the skills and services of may able bodied workforce it is becoming increasingly difficult for the agency to retain old workers and keep the new one at the agency. The paper looks at the agency from the eye on an insider and suggests some areas where the agency can focus its attention in ensuring workers stay and have a fulfilled career at the agency. The department of family and planning services is one of the social services organization charged with keeping the family structure together and functional and to ensure the safety of children in the home. Its powers and legality are founded under the Texas family code. It’s an organization that strives to ensure the safety of all children from abuse and neglect while keeping the family structure together as much as possible without excessive governmental intrusion. I work as an investigator for this department. My...
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