...Running Head: WEB ACCESSIBILITY Web Accessibility Week Two Individual [Place Name Here] University of Phoenix March 21, 2011 Web accessibility is for individuals with disabilities. This allows these individuals to use the web. Web accessibility helps people with disabilities to perceive, understand navigate and interact with the web. This also allows these people to contribute to the web. Web accessibility can benefit many individuals but benefits the elderly more due to the changing abilities due to their aging (W3C 2011). Web accessibility helps individuals with all different disabilities that have trouble accessing the web. This can include individuals with visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, and neurological disabilities. There are millions of people with disabilities and these disabilities can really affect the way that they use the web. These days there are so many web sites and different web software that have accessibility barriers that can really make it challenging for individuals with disabilities to use the web. There are more web sites and web software that becomes available and as they do individuals with disabilities are able to use and contribute to the web better (W3C 2011). As mentioned before web accessibility can benefit other individuals without disabilities. Web accessibility is designed to meet the needs of many different users and their situations. This flexibility can benefit individuals without...
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...Cholesterol: The new guidelines Ann K. McCullough Northern Illinois University Background There are 71 million American adults that have elevated low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol and only 33% of adults with high LDL’s are being treated (CDC, 2012). Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) and it has shown to be a contributing factor for CAD. An estimated 785,000 Americans will have a new CAD event and approximately 470,000 will have a recurrent attack. The cost of CAD is astounding and is estimated at $172 billion annually (Heidenreich, el. al., 2011). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States (US) and is responsible to 17% of the national health expenditures. It has been eight years since new cholesterol guidelines have been updated and the new guidelines have created a little controversy. The ATP IV guidelines set by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) have created many waves in the treatment of cholesterol and lipid management. The guidelines stress the prevention of stroke as well as heart disease and focuses on statin therapy rather than other alternative unproven therapeutic agents. It also recognizes that more intensive treatment is superior to less intensive treatment for many patients. History Cholesterol screening guidelines have evolved and changed over the past couple of years, but there continues to be gaps in care with an insufficient...
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...differences (controversies) between the new ACC/AHA’s Guidelines on the treatment of cholesterol and the “old” lipid guidelines known as ATP III (Adult treatment plan III). What are your thoughs on these changes? Lipid management over the last decade has been utilizing guidelines from the 3rd report of the National Cholesterol Education Program. In November 2013 new guidelines were established with controversy regarding some of the changes that were to be made. The 2013 AHA/ACC lipid guidelines provide a new method to the management of hyperlipidemia, which differs from the ATP-III guidelines. The new guidelines created differ in that it includes the change from treating target levels or lab tests to treatment based on risk level and intensity of statin therapy. They identified 4 groups that would likely benefit from statin therapy: * History of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) * LDL- cholesterol >190 mg/dl * Between 40-75 years of age with history of diabetes * Between 40-75 year of age and a 10-year ASVD Risk > 7.5% A second key difference is lack of LDL goals in order to monitor the effectiveness of cholesterol lowering medications. There were no recommendations made on follow up LDL testing, which differs from previous guidelines. The best way to accomplish the AHA/ACC recommended goals is to focus on decreasing cardiovascular disease events or ASCVD. Another major change to the guidelines states that non-statin therapies do not provide...
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...in 2007 there was 1,569,572 tax-empt organizations accounting for 8.11% of all wages and salaries paid with $2.6 trillion in total assets” (Gary, 2011, p. 1). The American Heart Association is one such entity. The American Heart Association (AHA) is an educational and research organization (Heart, 2013). Not-for-profit (NFP) funders do not have anything to do with the organization’s missions or programs (Gary, 2011). The funders only give money to the organizations, which in-turn the money is transferred into program achievements through the operations. Approximately three-fourths of the funds the AHA receive are allocated to educational and research programs. The AHA believes education and research programs will give the most benefit to the communities. The AHA, like other NFPs are run by board members who make decisions for the best interest of the organization, missions it has, and goals it wants to reach. The AHA board members control the operational cost, so the funds the organization receives can be maximized to the fullest for education and research and profit the public. The AHA describes how its expense for management and fundraising compare auspiciously with other major not-for-profit charitable health establishments. The AHA website also states that the organization follows...
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...otak, jika pada situasi diberi bantuan pernapasan, kebutuhan jantung akan oksigen untuk metabolisme tersedia dan henti jantung dapat dicegah. Keterlambatan BHD 1 menit 3 menit 10 menit Peluang Keberhasilan (Hidup) 98 dari 100 korban 50 dari 100 korban 1 dari 100 korban Kasus-kasus penyebab terjadinya henti jantung dan henti napas dapat terjadi kapan saja, dimana saja dan pada siapa saja. Contoh kasusnya antara lain adalah tenggelam, stroke, obstruksi jalan napas, menghirup asap, kercunan obat, tersengat listrik, tercekik, trauma, MCI (myocardial infarction) atau gagal jantung, dan masih banyak lagi. Kondisi diatas, ditandai dengan tidak terabanya denyut nadi karotis dan tidak adanya gerakan napas dada. Ketika American Heart Assocation (AHA) menetapkan...
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...common than right ventricular failure (McCance & Huether, 2014). The most common symptoms of heart failure are shortness of breath, fatigue, and peripheral edema. HF is not a disease, but rather a manifestation of a diseased heart. Large number of disorders can lead to heart failure, and with the aging population and many surviving primary cardiac events, it is no surprise that the most common reason for hospitalization in patients older than 65 years old is heart failure (McClintock, Mose, & Smith, 2014). Heart failure has become a major public health problem because it is the only cardiac condition that continues to increase in prevalence (McClintock, Mose, & Smith, 2014). Organizations such as American Heart Association (AHA), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), and Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA) are helping raise awareness and are invaluable resources to the increasing heart failure population. Because heart failure affects so many Americans, it is important to discuss heart failure in its complexity and analyze the pathology...
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...Atrial Fibrillation Seminar Case 1 CC: “My chest seems to be pounding fast and it will not go away” HPI: MJ is a 66-year-old Caucasian male who presents to his PCP because of increased chest palpitations. The patient stated that he started feeling chest palpitations about 2 weeks ago. At first he barely noticed them and attributed them to some bad heartburn from eating too much spicy food. However, the palpitations have become progressively more prominent over the last 4-5 days and therefore the patient thought he should visit the doctor. The patient states that he has had no recent medication changes and has been on the same medication regimen for about 2-3 years now. The patient also stated that he felt similar chest pounding about 4 months ago but it seemed to go away really quick and decided he did not need to do anything about it. PMH: Meds: DM Type 2 ASA 81 mg PO daily HF (LVEF ~35%) (13 years ago) Furosemide 20 mg PO daily HTN KCL 10 mEq PO daily s/p MI (16 years ago) Lisinopril 20 mg PO daily Hypercholesterolemia Atorvastatin 40 mg PO daily Gout Metoprolol succinate XL 25 mg PO daily Glipizide XL 20 mg PO daily Allopurinol 150 mg PO daily Allergies: NKDA SH: Lives with wife; employed as a construction foreman; quit drinking alcohol after HF diagnosis; quit tobacco after MI; tries to stay active and does moderate exercise at the gym at least 3 times/week. Plays golf every other weekend. FH: non-contributory Today’s...
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...(Sacket et al., 2000). My practice setting to date has been my clinical rotations and preceptorship. While my experience in the hospital setting is limited, there is a key observation I have made regarding evidence based practice and desired patient outcomes. This observation is based on three codes I witnessed in three different hospitals. Having completed my ACLS and EKG certification on summer break last year just prior to beginning my high acuity rotation, I was familiar with the protocol for running a code. There are very clear guidelines set forth by the AHA (which is the only course accepted by the hospitals in Palm Beach County). According to the AHA, these guidelines are” based on the scientific consensus of resuscitation experts from a variety of countries, cultures, and disciplines,” ("2010 Guidelines for CPR and ECC," 2013) using the most recent research, clinical application, and positive patient outcomes. These guidelines having been implemented into the respective hospital’s “safe practice” employee protocol, it was interesting and frightening to see just how horribly wrong things could go when not following EBP. The first two codes I witnessed were nothing short of a disaster, it was chaos, at one point no one was even doing CPR. The third code I witnessed was a relief to watch; the nurse assigned to the patient established the patient had no pulse and immediately called for help; she switched the bed to CPR mode and did compressions until rapid response...
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...Bypass Graft. Current dx: Heart Failure Medical Model: A number of tests would be performed to analyze the extent of damage of the heart. An electrocardiogram would be one of the first tests performed to check the electrical activity of the heart and detect any type of ischemia (AHA, 2015). The tests would include X-Rays CT, and MRI scans. Also “Angiography that would allow imaging of the blood vessels” (AHA, 2015). Essentially it is creating a map of the heart. Ultrasound evaluations, echocardiograms, would also help define the amount of damage to the heart. Treatments for heart failure can vary due to underlying causes. However in most cases drugs are used to aid the symptoms. These drugs can include “beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and also a diuretic to help rid the body of excess fluid buildup” (CDC, 2015). Mechanical devices can be implemented into the heart too. These devices include pacemakers and defibrillators. These two mechanisms help improve the hearts function and also help prevent arrhythmias. If the damage is extreme the heart might require a Left Ventricular Assisting device in the meantime while the individual waits for a heart transplant (AHA, 2015). Cardiac Rehabilitation to minimize future discomfort and increase physical activity levels. Patient is provided with knowledge of required dietary intake, exercise, and...
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...Epidemiology Paper Grand Canyon University Concepts in Community and Public Health NRS 427V Colleen Darrow RN June 28, 2014 Epidemiology Paper “World wide, two billion people have been infected with hepatitis B Virus” (Shepard & Simard, 2006, p. 112) Hepatitis B virus cause liver tissue infections which is life threatening potentially. And both acute and chronic hepatitis B has a profound impact on global health. “More than 240 million people have chronic liver infections, and more than 780,000 people die every year due to the acute or chronic consequences of hepatitis B.”("WHO Media Center," 2014) The HBV is transmitted from an infected carrier to the others via contact with blood and other body fluid. Hepatitis B is also a major occupational hazard for health workers. Fortunately the infection can be effectively prevented by safe vaccine. Since 1982, safe Hepatitis B vaccine has been available; the effectiveness of preventing the infection and its long-term consequences has been established. Hepatitis B vaccine is the first vaccine which against a major human cancer. “HBV infection may result in subclinical or asymptomatic infection, acute self-limited hepatitis, or fulminant hepatitis requiring liver transplant.” (Shepard & Simard, 2006, p. 113) The average incubation period is 90 days for a newly infected person who may develop acute hepatitis. The common signs and symptoms for acute hepatitis...
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...Christopher Dorasami The World Health Organization predicts that deaths due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) will increase around the globe from 17 million in 2008 to 25 million in 2030, (WHO,2012). CVDs are defined as all diseases of the circulatory system, including those of congenital origin, (AHA, 2010). Due to their high prevalence, CVDs impose a high social and financial burden on individuals, families and healthcare systems around the world. Surgical procedures like coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), balloon angioplasty, and valve repair and replacement are integral to the treatment of CVD, (WHO, 2013). Although these surgical procedures often improve survival rates, decrease symptoms and increase an individual’s functional ability (ACC/AHA 2004), surgery is not curative and individuals with chronic CVD remain at increased risk for coronary events(Foody et al. 2003, Hawks et al 2006). In addition to acute -operative care, these individuals must develop the knowledge and skills for self-management (Capewell S, 2008 & Vachenauer R. 2008). It is therefore important to encourage or enlist these patients in a health promotion programme post-surgery. The main aspects I would focus on include a behavioural change and an educational programme. Patient education programme The first aspect to be discussed with these patients will be based on: The concepts of atherosclerosis and its risk factors The reason for this is to help the patient understand...
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...oxygen. Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death within the US. Oxygen has long been advocated as standard treatment in the management of chest pain and myocardial ischemia, although, for over 60 years the scientific background for this has been questioned (Ripley, Riley, Shome, Awan, McCloskey, Murphy & DeBelder, 2012). Recent studies have shown possible negative reactions with the administration of pure oxygen with patients that were not presenting with hypoxia. The possibility for oxygen toxicity to those with ACS could cause more cardiac tissue injury due to vasoconstriction and decreased cardiac output (Williams, Gandy, & Grayson, 2013). The result of this could be poorer patient outcomes. The American Heart Association (AHA) has also been...
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...Beta Blockers After Myocardial Infarction Clinical Scenario The acute care nurse practitioner on the cardiology service treats a 67 year-old-male admitted after recovering from an acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). His risk factors include obesity, Type II diabetes mellitus, and family history. Upon exam the patient asks why he has not been started on a beta blocker yet. He explains further that when his brother had a “heart attack” in 2005, he was immediately placed on a beta blocker because the cardiologist reported how beta blockers reduce mortality after myocardial infarction (MI). The patient wants to know if a beta blocker would reduce his chance of mortality? Using the Patient-Intervention-Comparator-Outcome (PICO) format we formulated the following question. In a 67-year-old male with multiple co-morbidities with MI (P), does treatment with a beta blocker (I), compared with no beta blocker or placebo (O), reduce mortality rate (O)? Risk Factors, Incidence and Prevalence of Disease * US incidence rates of cardiovascular disease, including MI, are seen in men more than women (Alexander et al., 2007). This trend is also true in Utah ("Impact of heart," 2007). * The incidence rates of cardiovascular disease increase with age (Alexander et al., 2007). * Risk factors for cardiovascular disease include not eating enough fruits and vegetables, lack of physical exercise, smoking cigarettes and the co-morbidities of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia...
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...American Heart Association For more information visit here: http://www.charitytodonate.us/american-heart-association/ OUR RANK: #23 Overview: The American Heart Association (AHA) is a non-benefit association in the United States that encourages suitable heart care with an end goal to lessen incapacity and passing created via cardiovascular malady and stroke. The American Heart Association's Emergency Cardiovascular Care (ECC) is motivating the world to spare lives through a dynamic message of trust. As the power in revival science, research and preparing, we distribute the authority AHA Guidelines for CPR and ECC. We make an interpretation of these Guidelines into the most astounding quality preparing materials, courses and projects in CPR, medical aid and propelled crisis cardiovascular administer to medicinal services experts, specialists on call, representatives and the overall population. Since sparing lives is the reason. You can work with us as the volunteer by participating in the volunteer opportunities. Origin Initially framed in New York City in 1915 as the Association for the Prevention and Relief of Heart Disease, it is right now headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The American Heart Association is a national willful wellbeing office. They are known for distributed benchmarks on fundamental life bolster and progress heart life bolster (ACLS), and in 2014 issued its first rules for averting strokes in ladies. They are known likewise to operate various profoundly...
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...Running head: DELAYED TPA ADMINISTRATION FOR ACUTE ISCHEMIC Delayed tPA Administration for Acute Ischemic Stroke Grand Canyon University Introduction to Nursing Research NRS-433V Chris Thompson-Sanxter July 22, 2012 Delayed tPA Administration for Acute Ischemic Stroke According to a qualitative study regarding barriers to treatment, "Only 1-3% of ischemic stroke patients receive thrombolytic therapy" (Meurer et al., 2011, p. 1). The American Heart Association (AHA) has recommended guidelines for the treatment of acute stroke with intravenous administration of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), yet only half of those eligible actually do receive the drug. This low rate indicates that "barriers do exist both at the provider and institutional level" (Meurer et al., 2011, p. 1). Education to emergency room physicians, nurses, radiologists and post-treatment nurses regarding the AHA guidelines may increase the number of patients who receive tPA which may improve their quality of life and decrease their level of disability. "Ischemic stroke is a devastating disease, affecting approximately 600,000 adults in the U.S. every year, leaving many survivors with significant functional limitations" (Meurer et al., p. 1). Purpose and Research Questions The main objective of this study was to describe barriers to thrombolytic use in acute stroke care (Meurer et al., 2011, p. 1). This study asked if education of emergency room doctors, nurses, radiologists, pharmacists and other...
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