...Annotated Bibliography Bianca Meza, Huiling Jiang Judith Meisner, Sholanda Key NUR 440 April 15, 2013 Mrs. Mendez Annotated Bibliography AIDS.gov. (2012). How do you get HIV or AIDS? Retrieved from http://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/hiv-aids-101/how-you-get-hiv-aids/index.html. This website is an excellent resource for information about HIV and AIDS. It gives basic information about HIV and AIDS, treatment options, community resources, and other valuable information that people can access. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Basic information about HIV/AIDS. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/basic/index.html. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website is another excellent resource for disease conditions and their treatment. The information provided on HIV and AIDS is well written and very informational for the public and healthcare provider alike. The ease of use is important and appreciated. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011, December 2). Vital Signs: HIV prevention through care and treatment. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 60 (47),1618-1623. This comprehensive journal article reviews recent HIV testing and prevalence patterns among the U.S. population. The importance of the care continuum for HIV-positive patients is discussed; from prevention and testing, to diagnosis and treatment. Strategies for viral suppression among those infected are also reviewed. The article...
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...Issues Confronting ‘Them’ (People with HIV/AIDS) The issues confronting ‘them’—a metaphor society uses to refer to people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is not only a physical health crisis but also a social crisis that has and continues to affect every sector of the United States. Accompanying the disease is an acute fear in society that fosters gross assumptions and a lack of education about AIDS. . Because social issues confronting the HIV population presents a series of critical civil rights problems, it is imperative that individuals living with HIV/AIDS are aware of their civil rights as well as know the resources to advocate for themselves when a provider threatens their rights. National legal organizations, like the ACLU AIDS Project is available to enforce their civil rights through litigation, public education, and legislative advocacy (America Civil Liberties Union, 2009). The main social iniquities attached to HIV are those of stigma and discrimination. Social stigmatism toward persons with HIV/AIDS is an infliction of suffering, which thwarts any attempts to fight the AIDS epidemic. Stigma, as a form of social control is a means to marginalize, set limitations, and exercise power over individuals who society considers different through certain characteristics. Social stigma rejects the social groups associated with HIV, (e.g. homosexuals, illegal drug users, sex workers (Bardj, 2012)...
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...| Disparity of Healthcare for AIDS/HIV Patients | Lana Iris English 12312/15/14 | Disparity of Healthcare with Patients with AIDS/HIV For the last thirty years AIDS/HIV has been a controversial topic, but more recently, the disease itself has not been controversial but the disparity in receiving proper care both in prevention modalities and active treatment for the disease. While the Obama administration has taken steps toward the elimination of these disparities through the National HIV/AIDS Strategy and Implementation Plan, there is still much work to be done. This brief highlights underexplored explanations for these disparities and outlines possible solutions to begin addressing them. Oftentimes, popular culture has offered unfortunately erroneous explanations for the stark racial disparate impact of HIV/ AIDS. The mass media, for example, has suggested that black men “on the down low” infect black women by secretly sleeping with male partners, acting as a bisexual “bridge” between gay and straight communities. But public health scholars have found little support for this theory. Many may assume that black people suffer from greater HIV prevalence because they are considered less sexually responsible than whites. Yet several studies have shown that black women and black men who have sex with men—the two groups most severely impacted by HIV/AIDS—have similar numbers of sexual partners and use condoms as often as their white counterparts. Thus, behavioral risk factors...
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...stigmatisation and how it has effect on a person affected by HIV or AIDS. Firstly will introduce brief history of HIV/AID and will then look at the issues faces the stigma within the epidemic of HIV/AIDS. The first recognized of epidemic HIV/AIDS were in the early 1980s, where the HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection spread to every country in the world. Statistics show that approximately 40 million people are currently living with HIV infection, and an estimated 25 million have died from this disease. The HIV has been particularly demoralizing in sub Saharan Africa and South Africa, however infection rates in some other countries still remain high. In the United States, approximately 1 million people are currently infected. HIV is one of a group of viruses known as retroviruses. After getting into the body, the virus kills or damages cells of the body's immune system. The body tries to keep up by making new cells or trying to contain the virus, but eventually the HIV wins out and gradually destroys the body's ability to fight infections and certain cancer, National Health Service (NHS 2012). AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) It is caused by HIV and arise when the virus has destroyed so much of the body's defences that immune cell counts fall to vital levels or certain life threatening infections or cancers develop, (NHS,2012). When Nelson Mandela was addressing a conference in 2002, he stated HIV/AIDS has killed people more than any war. It has continued to be...
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...Demographic Paper In the United States many demographics populations that will affect our health care are mostly children, teenagers, and adults that have had an impact on our citizens. In the United States Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, better known as, HIV/AIDS. This diseases has made an impact on our community, towns, cities, and worldwide. This disease does not discriminate against age, gender, and race. Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) has estimated that there are more than one million people living with HIV in the United States (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010). It is believed that HIV first entered the United States in the year 1969 though one infected immigrant from the Haiti. The first cases of what would later become known as AIDS were reported in the United States in June of 1981. Since then, 1.7 million people in the U.S. are estimated to have been infected with HIV, including over 619,000 who have already died and approximately 1.2 million (1,178,350) adults and adolescents who were living with HIV infection at the end of 2008 (U.S. Statistics, 2010). The impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic spans the nation with HIV diagnoses having been reported in all 50 states. In the general impact that changing demographics may have on the health care market? Product, price, place and promotion play an important role in the health care market. Without product there is nothing to offer. Without the right price the product will not mean anything...
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...deaths in the United States related to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, or AIDS, was 853. By 1985, the number of people dying of AIDS would skyrocket to 5,636. In just two years, 4,783 new deaths were reported, and most Americans turned a blind eye. The 1980s AIDS epidemic in America would have been much less destructive and extensive had it not been for the cultural stigma surrounding the disease, the lack of research and funding provided for the issue, and a U.S government that ignored the dire situation. Cultural Stigma: There are countless reasons why AIDS was so stigmatized during the pandemic, but the contraction of the disease through homosexual contact and drug use were the main reasons why the stigma...
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...First of all an article review is a writing giving your opinion on certain thing. It could be a product, a service, a movie, a book or even an article. Writing an article could be a little bit challenging for some people, but is not have to be hard. I am going to give you 5 tips on how to write an effective article review. 1. Research. If you going to talk about a service or product you have to know it well. Even the experience use in it would be very helpful. You have to know their uses. If you do not have used the product or service research about people who tried it. Writing about an article or movie well you know what you have to do, read it and see it. 2. Introduction paragraph. Give a brief overview of what is about, with no details. A few main points will be fine. 3. Give information. A description of what does, benefits or importance for the user. 4. Critique. This is the most important part of the article. Why did you recommend it? Why not recommend it? Give your opinion of why you like it or not. You can compare it to others similar to it as well. 5. Wrap it up. Make a conclusion of why you recommend it or not. There you have it. Follow this simple 5 steps and you can write effective article reviews and doing it fast. If you have questions or want to see some samples about articles review you can visit my blog. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/4513664 Here's an example of how a completed online article review looks, right out of our method; "The...
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...Mitigation and adaptation measures to HIV/AIDS in the Philippines Mitigation and adaptation measures to HIV/AIDS in the Philippines STS 1 - X GROUP 16 STS 1 - X GROUP 16 Mitigation and adaptation measures to HIV/AIDS in the Philippines ------------------------------------------------- Factolerin, M., Mantala, C.J., Bernardo, M.C., Villa, A., Navarro, A.J., Ausa, E., Obiña, M.L., Velarde, E., Bernabe, M., Lusanta, A., & Bolanos, J. I. Introduction Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a pattern of devastating infections caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmitted through the exchange of a variety of body fluids from infected individuals. It occurs in three ways: sexual transmission, exposure to infected blood or blood products, or perinatal transmission, which includes breastfeeding. The likelihood for transmission is affected by social, cultural, and environmental factors that differ between and within the various regions, countries, and continents. This virus attacks and destroys certain white blood cells that are essential to the body’s immune system (UNAIDS, 2000). When HIV infects a cell, it combines with that cell's genetic material and may lie inactive for years. Most people infected with HIV are still healthy and can live for years with no symptoms or only minor illnesses. They might be infected with HIV, but this does not necessarily mean that they have AIDS. HIV targets CD4+ lymphocytes that help recognize and destroy bacteria, viruses...
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...Marijuana is a recreational drug that has been around the United States for quite some time now. This drug is popular amongst people of all ages and is often sold illegally to the masses of the people of the United States. As of now, marijuana is illegal in almost every state in the United States. Some states such as Alaska, Colorado, California, and Nevada have taken a proactive step by legalizing marijuana (Goggin). While other states aren’t as proactive and still upholds certain laws that makes marijuana illegal. To some people marijuana should be legalized across the United States. In their opinion, the drug has a positive effect on the life of its users. Some of those positive effects include improved lung health and it can be used to...
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...Since the foundation of the warfare in the Middle East, martial families have undergone the emotional distress of deployment. For Deploying service members and families, there are assets accessible to aid throughout shifts. Even though the military has encountered many challenges ever since the war, social work has prepared resolutions to offer military families with optimism and encouragement to assist them to emphasize on their families as dear ones are deployed, and direct them with a base to construct upon inside their families. Through many programs and services accessible to the military people, they are allowed to utilize these services for numerous problems in their lives. PROBLEM STATED Ever since the September 11, 2001, terrorist assail, American troops have been set out approximately 3.3 million times to Iraq and Afghanistan, states the Defense Department Data (Tan, 2009). It is calculated that more than 2 million men and women have carried those deployments with 793,000 of them deploying more than one time (Tan, 2009). A lot of the military members are National Guard and Military Reservists entitled to task. EARLY LITERATURE ON MILITARY FAMILIES • Army families have been a component of the United States military services for more than the last two centuries, but martial life for family units has altered along with communal alterations (Pryce et al., 2012, p. 120). • Throughout the Gulf War, deployment of 199-1991 approached at a dreadful point for military...
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...1981, of the 270 reported cases of unexplained immunodeficiency, 121 individuals had died. The unknown disease was dubbed GRID (Gay-Related ImmunoDeficiency) by the American media, and this was the root of much stigmatization against HIV-positive individuals and homosexuals that unfortunately remains today. It was obvious that a national health crisis was developing, however, current United States President Ronald Reagan remain oddly silent, no national response or policy was established, and stigma was allow to run rampant, severely impacting...
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...HIV infection, primarily through safe sex and needle-exchange programs, is a key strategy to control the spread of the disease. There is no cure or vaccine; however, antiretroviral treatment can slow the course of the disease and may lead to a near-normal life expectancy. While antiretroviral treatment reduces the risk of death and complications from the disease, these medications are expensive and may be associated with side effects. Genetic research indicates that HIV originated in west-central Africa during the early twentieth century. AIDS was first recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1981 and its cause—HIV infection—was identified in the early part of the decade. Since its discovery, AIDS has caused nearly 30 million deaths . As of 2010, approximately 34 million people are living with HIV globally. Signs and symptoms There are three main stages of HIV infection: acute infection, clinical latency and AIDS. Acute infection The initial period following the contraction of HIV is called acute HIV, primary HIV or acute retroviral syndrome. Clinical...
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...positive. What kind of impact would that have on you? How would you react to this devastating news? Where would you begin to do your research on such a matter? Who could you turn to? I understand that none of the board members in this small town in Gwinnett County called Little Foot can fathom the idea around me wanting to open a HIV Clinic for people living with HIV or AID’s which I would call Positive Impact. However, I can assure the community of Little Foot that, by opening this clinic, I can produce a positive impact by helping reduce the spread of HIV and the homelessness of people with it, and that it will help provide free counseling for your family and or friends, in order to combat the stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS. I want to also explain to you facts and personal examples of why this stigma of HIV is destroying the very communities around us. In Little Foot alone 10.5% of the population is recorded to be infected with the virus in 2015. That’s almost 1100 of our population of 10,000 people. You all sit in your board rooms thinking that it can’t be you or one of your loved ones but I assure you it can. “One in eight people living with HIV are unaware of their infection” (aids.gov). This means that someone in your board room could be infected and not even know. Positive Impact would therefore provide testing for all people of the community. It’s better to know and seek treatment then not to know at all. I’m trying to save the masses from this epidemic. Studies show that people...
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...Paul Farmer: AIDS & ACCUSATION Paul Farmer’s mission to educate the true causes of sickness and poverty, about the connections between political economy and human suffering is admirably addressed in this powerful book. Haitians stricken with AIDS in the late 1980s in the tiny community of Do Kay. Farmer explains how local knowledge and personal reactions to illness are connected to larger national and global forces, and how the stage was set hundreds of years ago for the misery that is the reality for most people in today’s Haiti. What I must point out is how Haiti is decorated with palm tress and colorful hibiscus flowers. Mountains stand majestically looking down upon sandy beaches and green valleys. From afar it appears as any other island one might encounter sailing the turquoise waters of the Caribbean. Yet, as we draw closer we notice a difference. 5 December 1492, Christopher Columbus landed on a large island in the region of the Western Atlantic Ocean that later became to be known as the Caribbean. Columbus promptly claimed the island for the Spanish Crown, naming it Navidad (Christmas), after his flagship, the Santa Maria. I continue to find several names that Columbus named Haiti upon discovery (Hispaniola and La Isla Hispaniola) which was it? Inhabited with Tainos (or Arawak) people, who called their island Ayiti, Bohio, or Kiskeya. The Taino Indian (or Arawak) inhabitants referred to their homeland by many names, but they most commonly used Ayti, or Hayti (mountainous)...
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...Paul Farmer: AIDS & ACCUSATION Paul Farmer’s mission to educate the true causes of sickness and poverty, about the connections between political economy and human suffering is admirably addressed in this powerful book. Haitians stricken with AIDS in the late 1980s in the tiny community of Do Kay. Farmer explains how local knowledge and personal reactions to illness are connected to larger national and global forces, and how the stage was set hundreds of years ago for the misery that is the reality for most people in today’s Haiti. What I must point out is how Haiti is decorated with palm tress and colorful hibiscus flowers. Mountains stand majestically looking down upon sandy beaches and green valleys. From afar it appears as any other island one might encounter sailing the turquoise waters of the Caribbean. Yet, as we draw closer we notice a difference. 5 December 1492, Christopher Columbus landed on a large island in the region of the Western Atlantic Ocean that later became to be known as the Caribbean. Columbus promptly claimed the island for the Spanish Crown, naming it Navidad (Christmas), after his flagship, the Santa Maria. I continue to find several names that Columbus named Haiti upon discovery (Hispaniola and La Isla Hispaniola) which was it? Inhabited with Tainos (or Arawak) people, who called their island Ayiti, Bohio, or Kiskeya. The Taino Indian (or Arawak) inhabitants referred to their homeland by many names, but they most commonly used Ayti, or Hayti (mountainous)...
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