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Airbus and Boeing

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COMPETITIVE & CORPORATE STRATEGY
Bpk. Hadi Satyagraha, MBA., Ph.D.

Studi Kasus:
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Arif Prananda – 041143069
Udin Setyawan – 0411430__
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MAGISTER MANAJEMEN ANGKATAN 38 AKHIR PEKAN
UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA SURABAYA
2013
AIRBUS vs. BOEING (A)

Sejarah Airbus dan Boeing A. Sejarah Airbus

Airbus S.A.S. adalah produsen pesawat komersial yang berbasis di Toulouse, Perancis. Perusahaan ini didirikan tahun 2001 di bawah hukum Perancis sebagai perusahaan join stok yang dipermudah or "S.A.S." (Société par Actions Simplifiée).

Airbus dipegang oleh EADS (80%) dan BAE SYSTEMS (20%), dua penyedia dan pemroduksi militer terbesar. Juga dikenal nama dahulu Airbus Industrie, atau Airbus.

Airbus mempekerjakan sekitar 40.000 karyawan di beberapa negara Eropa. Perakitan final dilaksanakan di Toulouse, Perancis dan Hamburg, Jerman, meskipun konstruksi dilakukan di beberapa pabrik di Eropa.

Airbus Industrie mulai sebagai konsorsium perusahaaan penerbangan Eropa untuk menandingi perusahaan Amerika seperti Boeing dan McDonnell Douglas. Dibentuk pada tahun 1970 setelah adanya persetujuan antara Aerospatiale (Perancis) dan Deutsche Aerospace (Jerman) (disusul oleh CASA (Spanyol) pada tahun 1971) untuk mengembangkan Airbus A300, yang terbang pertama kali pada 1972.

Pada tahun 1979 British Aerospace (sekarang BAE SYSTEMS) bergabung dengan Airbus. Dengan 38% saham masing-masing dipegang oleh Jerman dan Perancis, 20% dipegang Inggris dan Spanyol memegang 4%.

Pada awalnya merupakan aliansi longgar tapi hal ini berubah pada tahun 2000 ketika DASA, dan CASA bergabung membentuk EADS dan 2001 ketika BAE dan EADS membentuk Perusahaan Terintegrasi Airbus untuk mengembangkan A380, yang merupakan pesawat dengan 555 penumpang dan pesawat terbesar komersial terbesar di dunia pada saat mulai beroperasi pada tahun 2006. Pesawat A380 diluncurkan pada tanggal 18 Januari 2005.

B. Sejarah Boeing

The Boeing Company was founded in 1916. They worked in several different areas of work from commercial airplanes to launch and orbital systems. However, it was not until the 1950’s when the jet aircraft was put into use for the first time that the Boeing Company started to control the commercial airline market (Harvard Business School). Boeing would go unchallenged for roughly the next fifty-three years. However, during this time the European company Airbus began to grow. Eventually, Airbus would grow into Boeing’s only competition. In fact, in 2003 Airbus sold more airplanes than Boeing. Airbus has had more deliveries ever since (Airbus). Boeing needed something to retake control of the aircraft market. It was clear that Airbus was taking away from Boeing’s market share. During this time, Airbus introduced five new designs of aircrafts with Boeing still stuck with their next plane design. This heavy competition is what drove Boeing to create a new plane that would help them reclaim dominance of the industry. However, they needed to complete the plane quickly and with minimum cost. This is what drove Boeing to outsource a higher proportion of the new plane compared to any model before it.

The Boeing Company didirikan pada tahun 1916. Mereka bekerja di beberapa bidang yang berbeda pekerjaan dari pesawat komersial untuk memulai dan sistem orbital. Namun, itu tidak sampai tahun 1950 -an ketika pesawat jet mulai digunakan untuk pertama kalinya bahwa Perusahaan Boeing mulai menguasai pasar penerbangan komersial. Boeing akan pergi tak tertandingi untuk kira-kira 53 tahun ke depan. Namun, selama ini perusahaan Eropa Airbus mulai tumbuh. Akhirnya, Airbus akan tumbuh menjadi kompetisi hanya Boeing. Bahkan, pada tahun 2003 Airbus menjual pesawat lebih dari Boeing. Airbus telah memiliki lebih pengiriman sejak (Airbus). Boeing membutuhkan sesuatu untuk merebut kembali kontrol pasar pesawat. Itu jelas bahwa Airbus telah mengambil dari pangsa pasar Boeing. Selama waktu ini, Airbus memperkenalkan lima desain baru pesawat dengan Boeing masih terjebak dengan desain pesawat berikutnya mereka. Kompetisi ini berat apa yang mendorong Boeing untuk membuat pesawat baru yang akan membantu mereka merebut kembali dominasi industri. Namun, mereka dibutuhkan untuk menyelesaikan pesawat dengan cepat dan dengan biaya minimum. Ini adalah apa yang mendorong Boeing untuk melakukan outsourcing proporsi yang lebih tinggi dari pesawat baru dibandingkan dengan model yang sebelumnya.

Boeing Company adalah sebuah perusahaan pembuat pesawat dan aeroangkasa, bermarkas di Chicago, Illinois, dengan fasilitas produksi terbesarnya di Everett, Washington, dekat Seattle, Washington Boeing juga merupakan kontraktor pertahanan dan sebuah komponen dari Dow Jones Industrial Average.

Boeing didirikan oleh William Edward Boeing, seorang yang awalnya adalah pebisnis dan penebang kayu yang sukses. Bersama rekannya George Conrad Westervelt pada tahun 1916, dia mendirikan perusahaan pabrik pesawat terbang yang saat itu bernama Pacific Aero Products.

Dua divisi utama dari Boeing adalah Boeing Integrated Defense Systems (IDS), bertanggung jawab untuk produk militer dan angkasa, dan Boeing Commercial Airplanes (BCA), bertanggung jawab untuk pesawat sipil.

Industri Perusahaan Penerbangan Komersial a. Boeing
Untuk dapat bersaing dengan pesaingnya, dan untuk bertahan dalam industrinya, Boeing melakukan perluasan dalam product line dan jasanya. Boeing berusaha menciptakan produk yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pelanggannya. Salah satunya adalah dengan menciptakan pesawat komersil yang baru dan lebih efisien. Hal ini termasuk dalam strategy product invention, dimana perusahaan, dalam hal ini adalah Boeing, menciptakan produk yang baru, yang berbeda dengan pesawat sebelumnya. Tak hanya itu saja, dalam bidang militer, Boeing juga menciptakan sistem pertahanan dan perlengkapan perang melalui network-centric operation. Boeing juga menyiapkan around-the-clock technical yang siap membantu merawat setiap pesawatnya. Teknisi dan pekerja Boeing, merupakan tenaga kerja dengan kualitas dunia, hal ini merupakan strategi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dari pelanggan. Jumlah pekerja di perusahaan Boeing adalah 160.000 orang yang berasal dari United States dan 70 negara lain. Hal ini merupakan keunggulan bersaing bagi Boeing. Dengan adanya perbedaan asal karyawan, diharapkan dapat membawa setiap budaya dari karyawan itu berasal, sehingga produk yang diciptakan memiliki komponen yang khas dari tiap Negara, yang merupakan Negara sasaran. Berdasarkan uraian di atas, dapat dilihat bahwa Boeing mengggunakan strategi pemasaran global, yaitu dual extension, yaitu dengan tetap membuat pesawat seperti dulu, hanya dikembangkan pesawatnya, sehingga lebih dapat memenuhi kebutuhan dan keinginan penumpang, juga melakukan program komunikasi, promosi dan iklan yang sama seperti sebelumnya.
Daftar Pesawat Komersial Boeing:
Boeing 717 (Produksi dihentikan pada 2006), Boeing 737, Boeing 747 (Jumbo-Jet), Boeing 767, Boeing 777, Boeing BBJ, Boeing 777F, Boeing 787-300, -800, -900, Boeing 747 Advanced, Boeing 737 NG (-700x, -800x, -900x), Boeing 247, Boeing B-307 Stratoliner, Boeing B-377 Stratocruiser, Boeing 707, Boeing 720, Boeing 727, Boeing 757, Douglas DC-8, Douglas DC-9, McDonnell Douglas DC-10, MD-11, MD-80, MD-82, MD-87, MD-90.

b. Airbus
………………………………….
Daftar Pesawat Komersial Airbus:
A300, A300 Beluga, A310, A320 family (A318, A319, A320, A321), A330, A340, A380

The Very Large Commercial Transport (VLCT) Aircraft

Perbedaan Strategi Boeing dengan Airbus.
Dalam kasus ini, antara Airbus dan Boeing, perbedaan strategi yang paling menonjol adalah adanya perbedaan sudut pandang antara Boeing dan Airbus dalam menanggapi lingkungan pasar yang semakin berkembang. Situasi masyarakat yang semakin tinggi dalam menggunakan transportasi udara dinilai oleh Boeing sebagai peluang untuk menciptakan pesawat yang super cepat sehingga dapat mengefisiensikan waktu perjalanan dan bahan bakar, sehingga Boeing berencana menciptakan pesawat Sonic Cruiser.

SONIC CRUISER - Pesawat ini mampu terbang mendekati kecepatan suara./Ilustrasi: Boeing | | Sonic Cruiser pesawat kelas 175-250 penumpang, terbang non-stop 9.000 mil laut yang mampu memangkas waktu terbang trans-Atlantik tiga jam lebih pendek dibanding jet penumpang konvensional. Kemampuan tersebut membuka era baru memungkinkan operator menambah satu frekuensi lagi setiap hari dalam jalur ini. Selain Atlantik, didengungkan Sonic Cruiser juga amat cocok terbang point-to-point trans-Pasifik. |

Sementara itu, situasi pasar tersebut diartikan oleh Airbus, sebagai peluang untuk membuat pesawat yang dapat menampung banyak penumpang, Airbus pun berfikir bahwa airline yang menjadi pelanggan mereka lebih membutuhkan pesawat yang besar dan akan mengurangi jadwal penerbangan mereka. Dan akhirnya Airbus berencana untuk membuat seri A380 yang memiliki kapasitas 555 seats.
Perbedaan persepsi ini akhirnya menghasilkan perbedaan strategi yang diambil oleh Airbus dan Boeing dalam menciptakan produknya. Pada akhirnya, setelah tragedy 11 September, yang berakibat pada menurunnya jumlah penjualan pesawat Boeing, karena pelanggan utamanya yaitu United Airlines mengalami kebangkrutan, dan setelah menyadari bahwa yang diutamakan penumpang saat ini adalah harga tiket bukan kecepatan, Boeing membatalkan rencana produksi Sonic Cruiser, dan mulai membaca kebutuhan serta keinginan penumpang, dan akhirnya memutuskan untuk memproduksi pesawat seri 7E7 yang menawarkan kenyamanan penumpang. Fleksibilitas yang dimiliki Boeing dan selalu mendengarkan pelanggan merupakan salah satu nilai yang bagus yang dimiliki oleh Boeing.

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Boeing vs. Airbus

...Page |1 INTERIM REPORT ON COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY The world aircraft industry can be divided into 2 major segments: 1. Military and space aero-structure 2. Commercial Aircraft 1. Passenger aircraft – a. LCA (Large Civil Aircraft) and b. Small & medium sized aircraft 2. Cargo aircraft COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY Commercial aircraft manufacturing industry consists of very few players dominated by two big players namely Boeing and Airbus, yet it is very complex because of a number of suppliers at various levels (Tiers) creating the differences in the supply chain management of different players. The industry has undergone a steady growth and it is set to increase in the coming future due to strong demand forecast especially from emerging economies and huge backlog of orders from the major Airlines. Hence the industry continues to be profitable. But at the same time, being a capital and technology intensive industry, it poses severe challenges in front of potential players. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS- (PORTER’S FIVE FORCES) Threat of New Entrants-Low There are high entry barriers due to high R&D investment, sophisticated technology and difficulty in financing because of very high capital intensiveness. But positive economic growth and long range forecast in emerging economies are attracting new players to enter despite huge entry barriers. Cost efficient carriers from China and other economies like Mexico and Russia are trying to sabotage the duopoly. Threat of Substitutes-Low...

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