...Abstract In this experiment, the use of a scale model airfoil section of an aircraft wing will be analyzed in a wind tunnel. The basic physical laws of engineering and science shall be applied to verify and to understand the principles of flight. A dimensional analysis will be applied to the model airfoil to represent a full-scale wing prototype. The basics of aerodynamics, as applied to standard NACA airfoil configurations shall be applied to establish performance data regarding lift, drag and stall with respect to the various angles attack demonstrated throughout the experiment at a number of air speed. It should be noted that the Cessna 152 trainer aircraft uses a NACA 2412 airfoil, which is slightly thinner than the NASA 2415 airfoil currently available in this laboratory. Other airfoil models used in this laboratory include the NACA 4415 (normally used on the Lake Amphibious aircraft) and the NACA 0015 (used on helicopter blades and some acrobatic aircraft). The NACA 4415 is a very high lift airfoil designed to lift aircraft out of water quickly. The main purpose of this laboratory experiment was to gain a basic understanding of aerodynamics of an aircraft wing. A small scale model of a much larger prototype aircraft wing was used to save time and money for the testing process. The small scale model was placed inside of a wind tunnel at various angles of attack and wind velocities. Due to a difference in velocities across the small scale airfoil, pressure readings...
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...Abstract Engineering vs. Tech-Ops Any airline operating in the United States must operate under the regulations handed down from the Federal Aviation Administration. While the regulations handed down to U.S carriers come in many forms and cover all areas related to aviation, our discussion is focused on one of the most common regulations related to aircraft maintenance, the AD (airworthiness directive). These ADs are mandatory, however, at times the FAA allows operators to develop their own method of compliance based on a particular companies resources as long as the original safety requirements are met. When they do this it’s called an AMOC (Alternate Method of Compliance). On August 11, 1999 The FAA issued AD: # APA 87-99 FAA, to order insulation replacement on select aircraft. While this directive applied to all U.S. operators we will look at implementation at Delta Airlines. As Delta began reviewing the requirements, the maintenance planning team officials decided to implement it in its own way. We will look at how communication worked and in some cases did not work in this process. When AD 87-99 was issued by the FAA in August 1999 to order the replacement of insulation certain aircraft Delta was hugely affected. In total the AD covered 699 aircraft, 247 of which were operated by Delta. The problem, according to the FAA, was the original insulation blankets were covered with metalized Mylar. Over time this metalized Mylar had become flammable and replacement was...
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...defense, space, engineering and security industry. They are more known for their work in the earlier. They produce aircrafts for numerous commercial airline companies of numerous countries. The Commercial Aircraft Manufacturing Industry is an extremely competitive industry. According to Huber (2012), there are at least a dozen competitive players in this industry. Companies such as Airbus, Cessna Aircrafts, Dassault Aviation, Bombadier and many more are competing with Boeing. These corporations are aggressively attempting to increase their market share every year. A. Industry Trend The Commercial Aircraft Manufacturing Industry is currently and will continue experiencing a rise. According to Radical Departures (2013), the market outlook reports of the top aircraft manufacturers in the world foresee the industry to grow consistently for the next two decades. Simultaneously, the aircraft industry will also grow. The Aircraft manufacturers predict the world’s aircraft fleet to double in amount over the next twenty years. The Growth Trend of Commercial Aircraft Manufacturing Industry is due to the increasing need of Airline Transportation companies for new aircrafts for business use. These companies seek to replace the aging aircrafts being used. The main reason for the companies to desire to replace their current aircrafts is due to maintain the efficiency and smooth flow of their operations. They also have requirements in terms of the condition of their aircrafts that need...
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...industry leaders when it comes to manufacturing of planes and trains. Statement of the Problem: As one of the industry leaders, how can Bombardier sustain its market holding amidst rising competition? Objective of the Problem: To be able to identify a market strategy that will help Bombardier sustain or even increase its market share in the industry. SWOT Analysis Strengths: • Knowledge, Expertise, and Adaptability to Customer Demands Bombardier knows what and how to give what its customers want. It offers the perfect ingredient which is important to any transportation business: fuel efficient with low operating costs. It gives importance to its customers’ specifications. It asks where and when its aircrafts will be used. Bombardiers offers wide array of products and services such as manufacturing commercial and corporate planes. Users of its corporate planes may be part owners when they have 50 or more flight hours. In addition, if customers occasionally need a private plane for specific trips, they may avail of Sky jet charter program. These are just few of the services Bombardier offers. With the upgrading of infrastructures in many urban countries these days, booming of rail transportation is inevitable. Bombardier used its expertise in major concerns when it comes to purchasing rail transportation products. It focused on quality, reliability, safety, and prices. With these, Bombardier was able to close contracts with the government...
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...design monoplane wing designed aircraft. Hargrave based his inventing by ‘following the footsteps of nature’ inspired by the motion of fish, snakes and birds. 1893, 1894 Hargrave invent the box kite and following year in 1894 he flies for a short period using a ‘train’ of four box kites. 1910 The first powered, control flight is demonstrated by a visiting Harry Houdini in Victoria and again at Rosehill in Sydney. 1912-17 In 1912 the Australian Flying Corps, AFC, in 1912 led the path aircraft for military purposes. The aircrafts were applied in 1914 and again in 1916 for war purposes. In 1916 the importance of aircraft was realised and the NSW Aviation School was formed to train civil and military aircraft, located at Richmond. Post war saw the aircrafts as a form of transport between Sydney and Melbourne in 1917 using a Curtiss Jenny and Caudron G111. 1921 To further advance the power of potential of air power, the Royal Austrlian Air Force, RAAF, was established in 1921. This was mainly to support the struggling aircraft in the military however at the same time a fundamental character, Lt Colonel Oswald Watt advanced the safety and use of civil aircraft. 1930-37 Australia and England led the way for the world of female pilots. Qantas and Royal Flying Doctor Service took advantage of the new transport and the air craft industry began to flourish. 1950s The demand for new aircraft to carry more customers resulted in the wide-body aircraft the success of the Boeing 707...
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...To analyze the Indian Commercial Aerospace market for Cobham India Pvt. Ltd By Satyendra Shukla 11P224 Management Development Institute Gurgaon 122 001 May, 2012 To analyze the Indian Commercial Aerospace market for Cobham India Pvt. Ltd By Satyendra Shukla Under the guidance of Mr. Lee Griffiths Director India Cobham India Pvt. Ltd. Management Development Institute Gurgaon 122 001 May, 2012 Executive Summary The project aims at to analyze the Indian Aerospace Industry and try to find out through secondary research the growth prospective of the same. Cobham has many capabilities that could be exploited to supply equipments and spares for the MRO (maintenance, repair and overhaul) industry in India. So we used the various reports and predictions available at the websites of Airport Authority of India, Directorate General of Civil Aviation, Ministry of Civil Aviation and websites of various airlines and MRO companies to understand the market dynamics. We came across various difficulties faced by them and also saw various opportunities lurking round the corner. We tried to estimate the fleet size of various airlines and the expected growth in next five years. Also the focus was given on the Non-Scheduled operators as their numbers is rising at a lightening pace. We also had the projections made by Ministry of civil aviation about the growth of passenger volumes in the future, and all the future growths...
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...Currently serving Shaheen Engineering & Aircraft Maintenance Services (MRO) as an AWM Engineer. My achievements are; * Involved in the induction of A330 and A320 aircraft in SHAHEEN AIR fleet. * Evaluation of aircraft components in order to provide recommendation to the organization. * Development of A330 and A320 CMP (Customized Maintenance Program). * Ensuring all maintenance activities are according to the CMP and other Airworthiness requirements. * Evaluating CMP and source documents at regular intervals to keep the maintenance documents updated. * Assessing technical records data to ensure that the maintenance requirements are fulfilled and are up to date. * Planning upcoming checks for the fleet and managing several out of phase tasks to keep the aircraft on ground for a minimum period of time. * Served as a Team Leader and performed evaluation of Technical Documentation (AD/CN/SB/SIL/OIT/AOT/VSB/TFU) issued by airworthiness authorities, aircraft manufactures or vendors and took timely necessary action. * Monitoring and maintaining the Airworthiness Directives and mandatory Service Bulletins status report. * Assisting the Flight Operations with the evaluation of OEBs and their corrective actions. * Initiating Desirable and Optional modifications as required by the organization. * Managing and preparing all maintenance and modification requirements for A330 and A320 aircraft types,...
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...creation of a global economy. The airline industry itself is a major economic force, both in terms of its own operations and its impacts on related industries such as aircraft manufacturing and tourism, to name but two. This sector had its share of heightened challenges during the global financial crisis of 2000-2005 and 2008-09. The airline industry lost billions of dollars and some airlines struggled to remain in business. Today, the global airline industry consists of over 2000 airlines operating more than 23,000 aircraft, providing service to over 3700 airports. In 2006, the world’s airlines flew almost 28 million scheduled flight departures and carried over 2 billion passengers [1]. The growth of world air travel has averaged approximately 5% per year over the past 30 years, with substantial yearly variations due both to changing economic conditions and differences in economic growth in different regions of the world. Historically, the annual growth in air travel has been about twice the annual growth in GDP. Even with relatively conservative expectations of economic growth over the next 10-15 years, a continued 4-5% annual growth in global air travel will lead to a doubling of total air travel during this period. The economic importance of the airline industry and, in turn, its repercussions for aircraft manufacturers, makes the volatility of airline profits and their dependence on good economic conditions a serious concern for both industries. This concern has grown dramatically...
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...customer. This resulted in disorganized and repeatedly ineffective supply chains (R. Handfield, 2011). Supply chain management now can be defined as an active management of supply chain activities to maximize consumer value and attain a sustainable competitive advantage. It characterizes a cognizant endeavor by the supply chain companies to build up and run supply chains in the most effective & efficient ways possible. Like any other organization, supply chain also plays a very important role in the airline industry. Currently in the airline industry, various links in the supply chain are in tension leading to minimized profits, heavy losses and in some cases even shutting down of airlines. Various issues like maintenance and repair of aircrafts, on time performance of airlines, having adequate spare parts at the right time, sales of ticket to customers, vigorous airline cost-cutting, etc are putting the commercial aviation supply chain under immense pressure (C. Adams, 2009). But a world renowned airline that is Emirates Airline in its 28 years of...
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...THE BRIEF LIFE CYCLE OF THE V22 OSPREY PROGRAM Sherlyne Thomas Program and Acquisition Management, DEFM 540 Professor: David E. Patton The V-22 Osprey is a tilt rotor military aircraft developed by Bell Helicopter and Boeing Aircraft. Build with the abilities to take off and land vertically along with short takeoff and landing capabilities, this sophisticated aircraft was developed for use by all of the Department of Defense armed forces in support of the nation’s national defense. The concept and eventual need of the V22 began during a mission in the 1980s when the military identified a need for an aircraft that would perform certain capabilities. A request for proposal (RFP) was soon sent out for the preliminary designs with the push for contractors to form joint efforts to create this requirement which resulted in Bell Helicopters and Boeing collaborating to present a successful bid for the contract. Boeing manages the empennage, digital avionics, subsystems, fuselage, and fly-by-wire flight-control schemes. Bell Helicopter manages the wing, transmissions, engine installation, and conducting the final product assemblies. Life Cycle of the V22 Under the pre-acquisition period, the first phase of life cycle of an acquisition is the Materiel Solution Analysis phase where the support needs of the military are assessed. The preliminary acquisition strategy of the procurement combined the operational requirements and risk conditions from all the military branches:...
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...Facts Reason for Delay: The passengers could not board another aircraft since night curfew in Frankfurt would have kicked in by the time the alternate plane would have reached there. Report after the toilet was operated in Delhi “Everything made available to passengers for free was found flushed down the toilet," another official sai Passengers folding their legs on the seat is a typical desi habit which has led to specific instructions to the maintenance staff to look for socks in the rear fold of chairs. Similar attention to toilet maintenance may perhaps spare AI of troubles such as the one experienced on Saturday. Safety: In the last 30 years, Air India has had only one crash—that of Air India Flight 182 on June 23, 1985—which ended in a hull loss and 329 deaths. But that crash was the result of terrorist action, not poor safety," said the Air India spokesperson, referring to the Kanishka tragedy where a bomb obliterated a Boeing 747 aircraft 31,000 feet over Atlantic Ocean This is also corroborated by the fact that Air India is the first airline in the country and amongst the first 10 in the world to have the IATA Operational Safety Audit certification, which is a benchmark for aviation safety norms," said the spokesperson Air India’s engineering facilities have an ISO9002 rating which is meant to mean it meets international standards Defense Blaming the Ailing airline is the easiest things to do. Point taken that AI has a maintenance issue. However...
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...four to five years to launch, human safety and regulations set by Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) have been invoked till further development [2]. Amazon is not the only company using drone in fact Amazon gave inspiration to other companies to start investing in drones. With drones creating buzz in business world currently, next stop of its technologies being input is in aircraft. Purpose The purpose of this research proposal is to investigate whether drone technology can be compatible with airplane technology and whether it is safe or accept by society. It also discusses the work being done so far to make it reality and also compares whether pilots or technology is much safer. Not only that, it also talks about the restrictions faced by government authority [3]. Methodology The following methods will be used to accomplish the proposed tasks. * Conduct a survey on society if they trust technology or they still prefer the old fashion pilots and why. * Gather secondary research on why restrictions are made by government and why the drone technology has not been used on commercial aircraft yet. * Analyze the data from secondary research and survey done...
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...DESIGN PROCESS OF AIRCRAFT Introduction; The aircraft design process is the engeneering design process by which aircraft is designed.These depend on many factors such as customer and manufacture design,safety measures,physical and economical constraints,etc. Design constrains; A design starts with the indeed purpose for example : (A)commercial airlines are designed for carrying passengers and cargo.These are long ranged and have greater fuel efficiency. (B) Fighter gets are designed to perform high speed actions and provide close support to ground troops. (c) few aircrafts have specific missions like amphibious airplanes which have a unique desing that allows them to operate both on land and water also. (d) harrier jump jet has vtolanding these have ability to hover over a period of time. Like this we can understand that the purpose is the cause for the design .and the judgment step for a design. Aircraft Regulations: Another important factor that influences the design of the aircraft are the regulations putforward by thnational authorities, Airports also impose limits on the aircraft,for example the maximum sping span allowed...
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...Page |1 INTERIM REPORT ON COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY The world aircraft industry can be divided into 2 major segments: 1. Military and space aero-structure 2. Commercial Aircraft 1. Passenger aircraft – a. LCA (Large Civil Aircraft) and b. Small & medium sized aircraft 2. Cargo aircraft COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY Commercial aircraft manufacturing industry consists of very few players dominated by two big players namely Boeing and Airbus, yet it is very complex because of a number of suppliers at various levels (Tiers) creating the differences in the supply chain management of different players. The industry has undergone a steady growth and it is set to increase in the coming future due to strong demand forecast especially from emerging economies and huge backlog of orders from the major Airlines. Hence the industry continues to be profitable. But at the same time, being a capital and technology intensive industry, it poses severe challenges in front of potential players. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS- (PORTER’S FIVE FORCES) Threat of New Entrants-Low There are high entry barriers due to high R&D investment, sophisticated technology and difficulty in financing because of very high capital intensiveness. But positive economic growth and long range forecast in emerging economies are attracting new players to enter despite huge entry barriers. Cost efficient carriers from China and other economies like Mexico and Russia are trying to sabotage the duopoly. Threat of Substitutes-Low...
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...Introduction Aviation maintenance practices do not get followed like they should, too many mechanics tend to try and take shortcuts to get the job done. This can lead to catastrophic failures, and even death. Aviation maintenance work is a very importance piece of the productivity and maintainable condition with aircraft. Proper work and strong mechanical skills are needed. An airplane cannot just pull over in the clouds if an issue is suspected. This needs to be taken serious and stop with the shortcuts. A brief literature review According to an article posted by Matthew Bauman, there was a Naval Aviation Maintenance Program implemented in 1959 to help reduce the Class A. accidents (Bauman, 2013). Class A. accidents are those involving more than one million dollars in property damage. Matthew Bauman then continues with noting that more than 80 percent of issues are due to human error. “Understanding the role of human error in an accident or incident is fundamentally different from simply attributing such an event to an inherently fallible human operator” (Latorella & Prabhu, 2000). As holding a career as an aviation mechanic, there have been countless time of aircraft damage due to negligence, or just plain not paying attention. An article released in 2014, noted that a study done in the United Kingdom, tried to eradicate the root causes of aviation maintenance errors (Rashid, Place, & Braithwaite, 2014). It was a very in-depth study done to try and help with all the known...
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