...Lake Affect Snow And it’s Effect on Aviation BY: Perlisha Humphrey And Duane Johnson Imagine driving on high way U. S. 2 in the Upper peninsula of Northern Michigan just outside of Marquette, on a sunny winter day as the skies turn dark and ominous clouds build in the distance. Suddenly, a “wall of white” appears several hundred yards ahead and some of the heaviest snow you have ever seen obscures everything in your path. You inch forward through the blizzard until you arrive on the other side – where skies once again turn sunny. Anyone who lives in the Great Lakes region is familiar with this unique type of winter weather. This heavily localized snowfall, known as lake-effect snow, is most common from November to February. The winter weather phenomenon is capable of whiting out large sections of the Great Lakes region, from South Bend, Indiana, to Buffalo, New York. Towns and cities at higher elevations can expect even larger amounts of lake-effect snow. The Recipe for Lake-Effect Storms Lake-effect snow forms in the winter when cold air masses move over warmer lake waters. As the warm lake water heats the bottom layer of air, lake moisture evaporates into the cold air. Since warm air is lighter and less dense than cold air, it rises and begins to cool. The moisture that evaporates into the air condenses and forms clouds, and snow begins falling. This may seem like the recipe for whole world but due to the sheer size of the great lakes and the fact...
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...SWOT ANALYSIS of AirAsia Strengths • Brand Name AirAsia’s brand name is well established in Asia Pacifica as it is the low cost leader in Asia. • AirAsia’s management Team Its management team is excellent in formulation and execution strategies partly due to its diverse background of team members consists of industry experts and ex-top government officials. Its management team also has a strong links with governments and airline industry leaders and operates with focused and fewer management levels. • Human Resource Management Although the salaries offered by the company are below those of its rivals, AirAsia is still able to keep its work force motivated by providing a remuneration policy that is competitive and attractive. Moreover it operates with Multi-skilled workforce, so its human resource management, particularly the ability to motivate and improve productivity of the staff, is surely AirAsia's strength. • The excellent utilization of IT and simple LCC business model which results in lower cost operations. • Strong Financial resources Weaknesses • Heavy reliance on outsourcing Air Asia does not have its own maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) facility and also its Limited human resources could not handle Irregular situation • Service problems Flight delays, being charged for a lot of things, non refund policy and not able to change flight etc are some regular complaints of customers • Wide-ranging government’s...
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...AVIATION SAFETY PROGRAM EASTERN SKY AIRLINES DIEGO LUIS PALACIN ENDERS INDEX 1. SECTION ONE: SAFETY POLICY 2. SECTION TWO: SAFETY AND HEALTH RESPONSIBILITIES 3. SECTION THREE: EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION 4. SECTION FOUR: SAFETY RULES AND REGULATIONS 5. SECTION FIVE: DISCILINARY POLICY 6. SECTION SIX: HAZARD RECOGNITION, PREVENTION AND CONTROL 7. SECTION SEVEN: ACCIDENT/INCIDENT REPORTING 8. SECTION EIGHT: EMERGENCY PLANING AND RESPONSE 9. SECTION NINE: SAFETY AND HEALTH TRAINING AND EDUCATION 10. SECTION TEN: SAFETY AND HEATH ASSISTANCE RESOURCES 11. SECTION ELEVEN: CONTACT INFORMATION SECTION ONE SAFETY POLICY Safety is a team effort – Let us all work together to keep this a safe and healthy workplace Eastern Sky Airlines places high value on the safety of its employees and passengers. Eastern Sky Airlines is committed to providing a safe workplace for all employees and has developed this Aviation Safety Program for injury and accident prevention to involve management, supervisors, and employees in identifying and eliminating or reducing hazards that may develop during ground or air operations. Eastern Sky Airlines Safety Program objective is to create a safety culture in which we stress to all employees that safety is as important as any other business function. Only thought the joint commitment on the part of management and employees can workplace accidents and injuries be reduced or eliminated. Employees should be encouraged to not only work safely...
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...Fixed costs do not vary with the scale of operations, and will be incurred even if the flight is cancelled. Examples of fixed cost are the rental cost of leased planes, which is time- but not operations-sensitive, and general administrative costs such as salaries. Constant costs, which cease if the flight is cancelled but are invariant to the volume of traffic carried, are also high. Examples of constant costs are the subsistence allowance paid to the cabin crew, and landing fees, which do not depend on the number of passengers, but will not be incurred if the flight is cancelled. Variable costs, which vary with the volume of traffic carried, have traditionally been quite low in the airline industry. They include ticket commissions, baggage handling, and cabin amenities including food and beverages, among other passenger-related costs. With the recent spate of cost cutting, where ticket commissions to travel agents have been eliminated by the major airlines (with the exception of Southwest Airlines), a cap of $100 commission on international flights, and drastic reductions in the quantity and quality of meals, variable costs have gone down. To counter the effects of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, U.S. airlines have reduced fares to lure back lost passengers. As a result, load factors for 2002 are estimated to be around 72 percent, but the breakeven passenger load factor has risen to 81 percent, so losses for 2002 are estimated at $9 billion. (3) Thus there is...
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...between 30-40kg depending on the airline. Hand luggage is fairly standard between the airlines: one piece per passenger and up to 8kg in weight though the dimensions of baggage that is allowed can vary between carriers. Base fare/rate – the basic price of ticket before taxes and other surcharges are added (these are usually a substantial amount particularly on longer flights). Blackout periods – specific days or periods of time when special rates are not available due to high demand for flights. Boarding pass – a card given to the passenger after check-in which allocates a seat number or indicates a boarding pattern. The stub of the card should be retained after going through the boarding gate to show to the flight crew once reaching the aircraft. Budget / Low-cost airlines – these are short-haul flights at bargain prices but with occasional drawbacks. Usually the flights are from secondary airports which could be miles from your ultimate destination. Food and drink is often not included in the price. Fares are usually non-flexible and can incur a hefty charge for changing travel plans. On the plus side, low-cost carriers continue to add to...
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...Controller is a difficult job, they have a big responsibility which is to keep everyone safe in the skies. They are responsible for the safety, separation and sequencing of aircraft. I was told that in the tower that this is a job where you have to be alert to all of the surroundings, weather and pilots doing what they are supposed to be doing. This job is not like some people say it is. It’s not easy; this job takes a lot of training and a lot of patience with the pilots. In ATC you have three positions: the first is “Clearance Delivery” is when the pilot calls the tower to request his clearance to their destination. The pilot calls clearance and he’d say the type of aircraft they are flying, were his parked at and their destination. For example: “Vieques 892 requesting clearance to Boriquen” then the controller tells the pilot: “Vieques 892 you are cleared to Boriquen via the assigned route and gives them an assigned transponder code.” The Boriquen airport is the name for Aguadilla airport or in the aviation language BQN is the three letter identifier. In Luis Muñoz Marin international airport the larger companies like Delta, JetBlue, United and others have a service they pay for. It’s a third party company that gives them the clearance information in a short computer message that is sent to the aircraft when the pilot requests a clearance without ever having to talk to the clearance controller. After this happens the pilots contact ground control. Ground control is one of...
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...jointly manage capacity, sell and promote space on flights operated by each other, divide revenues, and schedule connecting flights. The major thrusts for these ventures are to cut operating costs by better controlling capacity, avoid disruptive price competition among them, and schedule so that there are more and better departure times and connections for passengers. The proposals are merely extensions to a historical series of alliances linking international airlines. In fact, the airline industry is unique in that its need to form collaborative arrangements has been important almost from the start of international air travel because of regulatory, cost, and competitive factors. In recent years, this need has accelerated because of airlines’ difficult profit performance. In effect, the airlines have been squeezed. First, costs have been rising, particularly because of oil prices and the requirement for greater security since 9/11. For instance, the International Air Transport Association (IATA), which represents most global carriers, predicted a three-quarter decrease in profits from 2010 to 2011 because of crude oil prices. While pre-departure airport passenger-security checks are well publicized, some other costly airline security processes are not. These include, for example, providing...
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...AN ANALYSIS OF BUDGET AIRLINE- ‘RYANAIR’ Module Name: Management and Strategy (MBA INTERNATIONAL) Module Reader: Claire Devlin Student Name: Varghese Jacob Student Number: 8202730 Date: 16/03/2007 Introduction Air line Industry can be called as one of the biggest industry in the world. In that huge industry European Airline industries part is very high. European Airline industry consists of two sectors mainly Main stream and Budget Airlines. The budget airline sector is becoming a great threat to the main stream airlines in these days. Among the Budget Sector Airlines Ryanair is the most established one. Here the essay is mainly dealing with the reviewing of the management strategy of the budget airline giant RYANAIR. Essay includes not only the management strategies but also the main problems that Ryanair have to face in their entire business period. And also includes the analyses of European Airline Industry in relation to Ryanair. ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN AIRLINE INDUSTRY European Airline industry can be called as the world’s biggest airline industry. Europe’s main stream airlines industry includes British airways, Lufthansa, Scandinavian Airlines and BMI. Before the establishment of the budget airlines they were the kings of European airline industry. The Budget Airline or the Low frae airline includes Easyjet, Virgin Express, Aer Lingus, bimbay My TravelLite and last but not the least Ryanair. Among these...
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...cases. Other aspects that were avoidable errors made by humans were pilot fatigue and the confusion to the ground emergency personnel that cause a response time delay. Executive Summary Flying under 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 121 on an instrument flight rule, American Airlines flight 1420, a McDonnell Douglas MD-82, N215AA, crashed as it lost control on landing causing the aircraft to overrun the end of runway 4R. Flight 1420 departed Dallas/Fortworth approximately 2240 with 2 flightcrew members, 4 flight attendants and 139 passengers. According to the NTSB, the determined that the probable cause of this accident were the flight crew failures to discontinue the approach with severe weather present at the airport. Contributions to the accident were the flight crews impaired performance and situational stress that were the result of fatigue environmental issues. The approach landing exceeded the maximum crosswind allowance and the use of reverse thrust was greater than the engine pressure ration after landing. Ultimately the captain and 10 passengers were killed, the...
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...(21) days you will be with us. Your Instructor will provide you the skills and tools necessary to become a Pinnacle Airlines Flight Attendant. We believe learning should be interactive and enjoyable. Although the program is intense and there is a lot to learn, we are here to help you succeed, and will do everything we can to help you. You, in turn, must do your part. Be sure to get enough rest, take care of yourself while in training and put forth the necessary amount of effort to succeed. Revised 10NOV11 1 Flight Attendant Initial Training Workbook MISSION STATEMENT The mission of Pinnacle Airlines, Inc. is to provide safe and convenient air transportation and to involve our People and our Customers in the product and the process, making the airline a rewarding, profitable, and quality experience. GUIDING PRINCIPALS Pinnacle Airlines is dedicated to our Customers and our People. Our Guiding Principles and Mission Statement are posted in every office within the airline. Senior Management, Flight Crews, and Ground Personnel take their commitments seriously. Pinnacle Airlines strives to develop loyalty from customers, investors, and all Pinnacle People. NEVER COMPROMISE SAFETY At...
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...whether caused deliberately or by accident. WHAT IS AN EMERGENCY? 1. A serious situation or occurrence that happens unexpectedly and demands immediate action. 2. A condition of urgent need for action or assistance WHAT IS FIRST AID? Emergency treatment administered to an injured or sick person before professional medical care is available. SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE FLIGHT ATTENDANT Prior to flight f/a attend a safety briefing with the purser. The pilots may also be present. This briefing entails:- * Going over safety and emergency checklist * Locations and amounts of emergency equipment and other features specific to that aircraft. * Boarding particulars verified- special needs pax, ums , wheelchair pax, vips * Expected weather conditions – turbulence Pre-departure checks on board the aircraft: * Ensure all equipment are on board e.g. Life vests, flashlights, firefighting and first aid equipment. These should be in the correct quantity and in proper condition. * Unserviceable /missing items reported and rectified before take-off * Monitor cabin for any unusual smell / unusual situations * Maintain certain precautions – doors disarmed/open during fuelling on the ground. * Assist loading of carry-on baggage, check weight, size and dangerous goods. * Safety demonstration – live/ video * Ensure tray tables are properly stored, seats upright, armrests down and seatbelts fastened prior to take-off. After take-off:...
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...satisfaction and low turnover. From an operational perspective, Southwest Airlines distinguished themselves from other airlines by incorporating cost saving programs such as the airline doing its own ticketing and not going through a travel agent. Southwest flew passengers nonstop to their destinations and did not promote connecting services. Southwest focused on flying passengers into uncongested airports and did not transfer baggage to other airlines. Only drinks and snacks were served on board. Southwest Airlines only flew newer Boeing 737 jets, which required less maintenance, and hence reduced the time needed to "turn" an aircraft around from an industry average of 55 minutes to 15 minutes or less. Southwest Airlines emphasized cost control and all employees worked together to minimize costs. Pilots developed new procedures regarding takeoffs and landings and fuel was purchased from vendors with the lowest prices. Marketing was an important element to the success of Southwest Airlines. Price, convenience and service were always emphasized along with the "Texan home-grown" image that Southwest Airlines wanted to portray. Southwest Airlines' target was to offer airline services to different demographic areas and Southwest positioned itself from the competition by providing excellent customer service at a lower cost. Customers viewed this...
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...NATIONAL AVIATION UNIVERSITY Air Transportation Management Department TERM PAPER On discipline“Basis of systems theory and management” Topic: «Airport as a complex system on the example of Boryspil» Kyiv 2012 NATIONAL AVIATION UNIVERSITY Department of air transportation organization TASK for course paper preparation student Roksolana Novytska Topic of the term paper: “Airport as a complex system”_______________________ 1. Period of term paper preparation: since ________2012 year till_______2012 year. 2. Stages of term paper preparation: * … 3. The task was given by________________________________(_______________________) (signature) (name) “______”____________2012year. 6. The task taken for solving _____________________ (signature of student) The term paper grade ______________________________________ The head of the commission: ________________________________________________”___”__________2012 year. Members of the commission: ___________________________________________________________ Abstract Total volume of course work is 37 pages. Contains 22 figures and 5 references. The aim of the thesis is to investigate Boryspil airport in terms of Systems analysis course. The work includes theoretical studies of all aspects...
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...Assignment One Task (One) 1) Cost Leadership Strategy Definition Companies that choose a cost leadership strategy offer relatively standardized products with features or characteristics that are acceptable to customers. In other words, with a minimum level of differentiation and also at the lowest competitive price. This means that companies offer standardized to an industry’s typical customer. Customers receive value when a company successfully implements a cost leadership strategy. Companies that wish to be successful by following a cost leadership strategy must maintain constant efforts aimed at lowering their costs which relative to competitors cost and creating value for customers. Cost reduction strategies include: • Building an efficient scale facilities • Establishing tight control of production and overhead costs • Minimizing the costs of sales. Product research and development, and service. • Investing in state of the art manufacturing technologies. In simply, cost leadership strategy is a type of competitive strategy with which the organization aggressively seeks efficient facilities, cuts costs, and employs tight cost controls to be more efficient than competitors. Undercut competitors’ prices and still offer comparable quality and earn a reasonable profit. Successful strategy to defend against the five competitive forces. Such protected from powerful customers and suppliers, because customers cannot find lower prices elsewhere,...
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...(passenger are printing their boarding card at home); mobile check-in, and the next generation check-in using the RFID technology (without the need of a boarding card, simply swiping the card in the kiosk reader from the check-in until the boarding gate) - Self-service Bag drop machine , which has been adopted at Amsterdam’s Schiphol airport, where passenger scan their boarding pass on a reader, enabling them to take charge of tagging their bags the luggage system is automated and sends their bag directly on the convey belt for loading DISCUSSION The table below illustrates the control of the airline and airport operators on the ground for domestic travellers. In comparison to longer flight, passengers are not subject to immigration process (in which case the presentation of a photographic identification to check-in is sufficient). Getting to and from the airport Airport operator DfT/TfL/Commercial operators -on-site car parking -transfer to/from parking -Different modes of transport...
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