...Worksheet 4.2 U.S. Airlines and Airports 1. What were the effects of the airline deregulation act of 1978 on each of the following? Airlines- The airlines no longer operated in a protected environment. They were free to establish their own routes and fares and to suffer the consequences. New airlines started and threatened the routes of the old carriers. Some airlines expanded; some merged; some failed. Entrepreneurs tried new ideas. Travel Counselors- Open competition changed what was once an orderly fare system to a chaotic one that changed frequently. More consumers were driven to travel agencies by confusing fares, and more travel business was generated by lower airfares. Eventually, airlines reduced commissions, putting financial pressure on counselors and their agencies. Consumers- Schedules and fares changed frequently; often hundreds of fares were available for each route. Discount fares helped air travel become transportation for the masses. Small towns and cities lost air service 2. Name one advantage and one disadvantage of the hub-and-spoke system from the viewpoint of the airlines. Advantage- Airlines can extend service to a larger number of cities, maximizing passenger loads from smaller cities, and save fuel. Disadvantage- Many flights must arrive at almost the same time and depart at almost the same time, adding to airport congestion. Other answers are possible. 3. Name one advantage and one disadvantage of the hub-and-spoke...
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...traffic and making airport identification simple and clear. Code selections in North America were based on existing radio station identifiers. For example, radio stations in Canada were already starting with "C", so it seemed logical to begin Canadian airport identifiers with Cxxx. The United States had many pre-existing airports with established mnemonic codes. Their ICAO codes were formed simply by prepending a K to the existing codes, as half the radio station identifiers in the US began with K. Most ICAO codes outside the US and Canada have a stronger geographical structure. Most of the rest of the world could be classified in a more planned top-down manner, as they didn't have as much established aviation legacy. Thus Uxxx referred to the Soviet Union with the second letter denoting the specific region within it, and so forth. Europe had too many locations for only one starting letter, so it was split into Exxx for northern Europe and Lxxx for southern Europe. The second letter drilled down: EGxx was the United Kingdom (G for Great Britain), EDxx was West Germany (D for Deutschland), ETxx was East Germany (the ETxx code was reassigned to military fields after the reunification), LExx was Spain (E for España), LAxx was Albania, and so on. France was designated LFxx, as the counterpart EFxx was the unambiguously northern Finland. (originally OFxx, as the more rigid geographical structure evolved over time; in the beginning, countries usually had "blocks" of codes; for example,...
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...Journal of Air Transportation Vol. 10, No. 3 -2005 STUDY RESULTS ON KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS FOR ENTRY-LEVEL AIRPORT OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL Stephen M. Quilty Bowling Green State University Bowling Green, Ohio ABSTRACT This paper identifies important topical knowledge areas required of individuals employed in airport operations and management positions. A total of 116 airport managers and airfield operations personnel responded to a survey that sought to identify the importance of various subject matter for entry level airport operations personnel. The results from this study add to the body of research on aviation management curriculum development and can be used to better develop university curriculum and supplemental training focused on airport management and operations. Recommendations are made for specialized airport courses within aviation management programs. Further, this study identifies for job seekers or individuals employed in entry level positions those knowledge requirements deemed important by airport managers and operations personnel at different sized airports. INTRODUCTION In a speech given at the fifth annual General Aviation Forecast Conference, then University Aviation Association (UAA) President James E. Crehan called upon the aviation industry to define future personnel needs in terms of entry level qualifications and experiences so that UAA member institutions could respond to those needs. Previously, Lehrer (1992) had brought to the...
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...restricted in number. Airport code – the three digit code which is unique to a specific airport. E g. LHR for Heathrow or LGW for Gatwick. B BAA – British Airports Authority. Back-to-back ticketing – when the passenger combines two return trips with opposite start and destination points but uses only a single segment from each to achieve a lower overall fare. Baggage allowance – the weight of the luggage the airline allows the traveller to check-in. Economy ticket holders are usually allowed 20kg whilst business and first class passengers able to take between 30-40kg depending on the airline. Hand luggage is fairly standard between the airlines: one piece per passenger and up to 8kg in weight though the dimensions of baggage that is allowed can vary between carriers. Base fare/rate – the basic price of ticket before taxes and other surcharges are added (these are usually a substantial amount particularly on longer flights). Blackout periods – specific days or periods of time when special rates are not available due to high demand for flights. Boarding pass – a card given to the passenger after check-in which allocates a seat number or indicates a boarding pattern. The stub of the card should be retained after going through the boarding gate to show to the flight crew once reaching the aircraft. Budget / Low-cost airlines – these are short-haul flights at bargain prices but with occasional drawbacks. Usually the flights are from secondary airports which could be miles from...
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...surroundings, weather and pilots doing what they are supposed to be doing. This job is not like some people say it is. It’s not easy; this job takes a lot of training and a lot of patience with the pilots. In ATC you have three positions: the first is “Clearance Delivery” is when the pilot calls the tower to request his clearance to their destination. The pilot calls clearance and he’d say the type of aircraft they are flying, were his parked at and their destination. For example: “Vieques 892 requesting clearance to Boriquen” then the controller tells the pilot: “Vieques 892 you are cleared to Boriquen via the assigned route and gives them an assigned transponder code.” The Boriquen airport is the name for Aguadilla airport or in the aviation language BQN is the three letter identifier. In Luis Muñoz Marin international airport the larger companies like Delta, JetBlue, United and others have a service they pay for. It’s a third party company that gives them the clearance information in a short computer message that is sent to the aircraft when the pilot requests a clearance without ever having to talk to the clearance controller. After this happens the pilots contact ground control. Ground control is one of the most difficult positions in this type of work. Ground control is the controller the pilot calls to ask for their clearance for pushback and taxi. The pilot does this “Delta 422 requesting...
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...capital resources. What is the company’s long-term vision and strategic goals? What is the company’s progress towards these goals? Identify key performance gaps? A Fixed Base Operator (FBO) is a business that provides services at the 20,000 airports in the USA. They operate flight training schools, provide aircraft repairs and maintenance, provide fuel and provide pilot support with weather and flight planning facilities. As such they are the backbone of general aviation. Airport Tenant – An airport tenant is a person, firm, or corporation leasing or using airport property solely for the purpose of storing an aircraft and is not engaged in or providing any aviation related commercial activity or service at the airport. An airport tenant is not authorized to function as or provide the services of an FBO Current Products and Services With committed capital and deep industry experience in general aviation services transactions (having closed over thirty transactions in the last fifteen years), we can move quickly and discreetly with minimum disruption of day to day operations. Ideal FBO acquisition candidates will have: • Annual general aviation fuel uplift in excess of one million gallons • Long term lease rights at its airport operating location • Ancillary business segments such as maintenance and charter will be considered but should be anchored by a strong core line service segment • Both single operations and multi-location chains will be considered . The financial...
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...Perspective Paper Explain the impact of airport design, development, operations, and funding sources on airport systems. Abstract The impact of airport design, strategy, operations, and funding are all key parts in getting the consumer from point A to point B. If one of these key concepts is disregarded, the whole process can stop operating. Planes can crash, people can be hurt, airports can be closed, and you cannot get to your destination as planned. Each one of these concepts have many reasons why they make such a large impact in all airports. Everyone knows these days that air travel is expensive. This is not just the airfare ticket you are paying for now a days. The baggage fees are almost a one-way ticket by themselves and then you have to pay for any addition items you might want like beverages or food on the plane. So you decide not purchase anything on the plane to try and save some cash. Instead you plan on purchasing the items at the airport when you land, but then you realize everything is more expensive within the security checkpoints. Well airports are all developed and designed in a specific way to allow competition within their airports to allow a bigger profit and further fund future development. When it comes to funding airports there are a couple sources the money comes from. The first to be known is the airport and special facility bonds issued by the government. These bonds were issued to certain facilities like airports to help fund current and future accusations...
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...Investigating T&T sector Trends * Frequency of holidays * Greater flexibility * Independent travel * Adventure travel * New destinations * Expansion of regional airports Increased frequency of holidays People in western countries are able to enjoy more holidays now than ever before, this is due to… * People becoming more affluent * Travel prices falling * Travel becoming easier It is not unusual for British families to take a holiday abroad once a year plus additional short breaks and holidays in the UK and overseas. The effects of this increase in frequency of holidays has positive impacts across many travel and tourism component industries, especially low cost airlines, train companies, hotels and European cities/regions that can promote themselves as short break destinations. Where do you think the most popular destinations are? 1. Spain 2. France 3. Greece 4. USA 5. Great Britain 6. Italy 7. Turkey 8. Egypt 9. Croatia 10. Thailand Greater Flexibility How do people research for holidays nowadays? Intenet Using the internet offers people great flexibility than buying standard holidays from a travel agency. It also allows tour operators to sell a wider variety of destinations and holiday products online. This has a positive effect on online travel companies, but a negative effect on high street travel agencies. Independent travel is gradually increasing at the...
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...company Indian National Airways was constituted to serve between Karachi and Lahore. In 1938 .the Empire Air Mail Service was introduced to carry mail between the empire countries. In 1946, the Government set up the Air transport Licensing Board which granted 11 licenses. At the time of Independence 4 companies were operating their air services (Tata Sons Ltd., Indian National Airways, Air Services of India and Deccan Airways). By 1951 there were 4 new entrants: (Bharat Airways, Himalayan Aviation Ltd., Airways India, and Kalinga Airlines). Airports India has international airports besides 87 aerodromes divided into major, intermediate and minor categories. Its 5 major international airports are: Mumbai (Santa Cruz), Kolkata (Dum Dum), Delhi " (Palam), Chennai (Meenambakkam) and Thiruvananthapuram. The operation, management, planning and development of these airports are the responsibility of the International Airports Authority of India. These airports lie on the International Air routes and are used by Air India and foreign airliners. Here landing facilities are of...
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...will cover information on a FedEx Express MD-10 Landing Gear Failure. Specifically, research and information pertaining to the accident that occurred on October 28, 2016. Additionally, information will be analyzed and presented on the primary cause of the accident. The research for the paper will be conducted through the use of the world-wide web and the Hunt Library. FedEx Express flight 910, a Boeing MD-10-10F (registration N370FE) experienced a left main landing gear collapse and subsequent fire in the left wing after landing on Runway 10L at Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Oct. 28, about 5:51 p.m. EDT. The airplane came to rest on the side of Runway 10L. The two flight crew members evacuated the airplane via the cockpit window and were not injured. The airplane was substantially damaged. The cargo flight originated from Memphis International Airport, Memphis, Tennessee,(Knudson, 2016)....
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...Aguirregabiria∗ University of Toronto Chun-Yu Ho∗ Boston University This version: November 19, 2007 PRELIMINARY AND INCOMPLETE VERSION Abstract This paper estimates the contribution of demand, cost and strategic factors to explain why most companies in the US airline industry operate using a hub-spoke network. We postulate and estimate a dynamic oligopoly model where airline companies decide, every quarter, which routes (directional city-pairs) to operate, the type of product (direct flight vs. stop-flight), and the fare of each route-product. The model incorporates three factors which may contribute to the profitability of hub-spoke networks. First, consumers may value the scale of operation of an airline in the origin and destination airports (e.g., more convenient checking-in and landing facilities). Second, operating costs and entry costs may depend on the airline’s network because economies of density and scale. And third, a hub-spoke network may be an strategy to deter the entry of non hub-spoke carriers in some routes. We estimate our dynamic oligopoly model using panel data from the Airline Origin and Destination Survey with information on quantities, prices, and entry and exit decisions for every airline company over more than two thousand city-pair markets and several years. Demand and variable cost parameters are estimated using demand equations and Nash-Bertrand equilibrium conditions for prices. In a second step, we estimate fixed operating costs and sunk costs from...
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...Department TERM PAPER On discipline“Basis of systems theory and management” Topic: «Airport as a complex system on the example of Boryspil» Kyiv 2012 NATIONAL AVIATION UNIVERSITY Department of air transportation organization TASK for course paper preparation student Roksolana Novytska Topic of the term paper: “Airport as a complex system”_______________________ 1. Period of term paper preparation: since ________2012 year till_______2012 year. 2. Stages of term paper preparation: * … 3. The task was given by________________________________(_______________________) (signature) (name) “______”____________2012year. 6. The task taken for solving _____________________ (signature of student) The term paper grade ______________________________________ The head of the commission: ________________________________________________”___”__________2012 year. Members of the commission: ___________________________________________________________ Abstract Total volume of course work is 37 pages. Contains 22 figures and 5 references. The aim of the thesis is to investigate Boryspil airport in terms of Systems analysis course. The work includes theoretical studies of all aspects of the theory of system analysis, methods of investigation of...
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...proposed Civil Aviation Policy. These may be sent to the DT section, Ministry of Civil Aviation, Rajiv Gandhi Bhawan, New Delhi, India; or e-mailed to Dtsec.moca@nic.in Views of some stake-holders already received are placed below for reference and cross fertilization of ideas. While giving your views, please mention specifically if you have any objection in keeping your views in public domain. Your views may be sent before 20th February, 2012. A core group will deliberate on these inputs received and the draft policy formulated will be put up for further consultations. ( G. Asok Kumar ) Joint Secretary asok.kumar@nic.in Tel.: 24617692 1. INFRASTRUCTURE View Suggestions Airports a) Green Field b) Brown Field c) Heliports d) Role of Govt. agencies like AAI e) Private participation in Airport development f) Low cost, no...
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...Dictionary of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality By the same author Britain – Workshop or Service Centre to the World? The British Hotel and Catering Industry The Business of Hotels (with H. Ingram) Europeans on Holiday Higher Education and Research in Tourism in Western Europe Historical Development of Tourism (with A.J. Burkart) Holiday Surveys Examined The Management of Tourism (with A.J. Burkart eds) Managing Tourism (ed.) A Manual of Hotel Reception (with J.R.S. Beavis) Paying Guests Profile of the Hotel and Catering Industry (with D.W. Airey) Tourism and Hospitality in the 21st Century (with A. Lockwood eds) Tourism and Productivity Tourism Council of the South Pacific Corporate Plan Tourism Employment in Wales Tourism: Past, Present and Future (with A.J. Burkart) Trends in Tourism: World Experience and England’s Prospects Trends in World Tourism Understanding Tourism Your Manpower (with J. Denton) Dictionary of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality S. Medlik Third edition OXFORD AMSTERDAM BOSTON LONDON NEW YORK PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO Butterworth-Heinemann An imprint of Elsevier Science Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 200 Wheeler Road, Burlington MA 01803 First published 1993 Reprinted (with amendments) 1994 Second edition 1996 Third edition 2003 Copyright © 1993, 1996, 2003, S. Medlik. All rights reserved The right of S. Medlik to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted...
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...Aviation Introduction In this research, I will be writing about general aviation, how a plane works and different factors to do with planes like the four main forces, Communication and Navigation, Take off and Landing and some others. A question that sounds easy but in theory, it’s not simple at all, “How does a plane fly?” whether it is an Airbus, a glider and any other planes, the forces that acts on a plane are exactly the same. There are four main forces to make a plane fly and they are Lift, Weight, Thrust and Drag. The Four Forces As I mention in the introduction, the four forces are Lift, Weight, Thrust and Drag and I will be describing these forces with more details in the following passage. A plane’s weight, descending towards the ground is balanced by the lift force, which ascends upwards. This is created by a flow of air over the wings. When air travels through the wing of a plane, it is bounce off downwards and all the pressure under the wing is bring in to bounce off the air that makes an opposite force, which is ‘Up’. Drag is the air resistance of all planes as they meet the airflow, and its force acts in the opposite directions. Thrust is provided by many sources of power, such as a jet engine, or by the energy descend from being carried into the air. Thrust must always balance drag for the plane to fly. (Barnard, 2007). Communication and Navigation For many training pilots, radio communication and navigation is one of the most irritating factors...
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