...guilty of apostasy. Apostasy means, to abandon the religion or a religious principle after accepting it. Moreover, Al-Ghazali was known as one the most influential thinkers in the history of Islam and his aim was to bring humanity closer to God. He was viewed as a faithful Asharite theologian in which one who believes that God is the only direct and indirect cause of actions. In this paper, we will examine Al-Ghazali’s reasons of the three teachings on which the philosophers are guilty of apostasy, and review ibn-Rushd’s defense of philosophy in the Decisive treatise, and decided whether ibn-Sina should be considered an apostate. Al-Ghazali illustrates three philosophical teachings that were apostasy and unorthodoxy. One of the first point is the philosopher’s belief in the eternity of the world. In other words, philosophers claim that the world is eternal and that the emanation of the first intellect and other beings happens because of the necessary causation of God’s essence, therefore the world as a whole is coexistent and coeternal with God. Ibn Sina believed that God does not have knowledge of the specifics of everything that takes place, rather he is is only aware of what takes place in the general sense. Ghazali replies to this saying that God’s creation of the world was eternally chosen, and therefore it does not mean any change in God. However, Al-Ghazali refutes their idea because he believes the correct and orthodox starting point is to know that God is the highest...
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...Good Morning Ladies and Gentlemen, for the next few minutes I will share with you my perspective about beauty. I have a quote, which did not only capture my mind, but also captured my heart. Helen Keller said: “The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or even touched - they must be felt with the heart.” She is American author, political activist, and lecturer. She was the first deaf blind person to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree she was blind. You might be wondering why I have decided to talk to you about this quote, but instead of me just telling you, I will take you to a journey that might place you in my position. Let me ask you this, with a raise of hands how many of you would like to live in a house like this? Well, it is a common goal in today’s fast-paced society to achieve monetary wellness in order to live what some people call “the good life”. In this house you have the latest technology and a crew of people that are more than willing to take care of all of your needs. Now, picture yourself in this house. It certainly does not compare, right? So what is my point? Why am I showing these pictures? Well what you do not know is that in the second picture lives an aged couple who had been married for over 20 years. They had lived together the toughest years of their lives in that simple house. They had seen their daughter grow, they saw how she would fail, but they also had the opportunity to see her achieve all of her goals. Now if you show this...
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...translations from the lyrical All." poetry of Jalalu'd-Din Rumi are by Mr. R. A. me Nicholson. To these gentlemen, 7 and to those 8 I have left PREFACE unnamed, I tender my warmest thanks my for their help, sympathy, and interest in " attempt to popularise the wisest of the Persian Stiffs." F. LONDON, January 22, 1907. HADLANB DAVIS. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION I. 11 . . . ORIGIN OF SUFHSM. .11 14 II. III. IV. V. THE EARLY SUFIS THE NATURE OF SUFIISM THE INFLUENCE OF SUFIISM ANALYSIS OF THE RELIGION OF LOVE . . . . -20 .27 . . 31 THE LIFE AND WORK OF JALILU'D-DIN KtiMf 34 I. LIFE SHAMSI TABRIZ . . II. . . 34 36 III. IV. THE STORIES OP AL-AFLAKI AND THE DEATH OF JALALU'D-DIN...
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...The “Perfect Man,” or al-Insan al-Kalil, was first coined by Ibn Arabi, a Sufi mystic and philosopher. It was said that the “Perfect Man” embodied all that was man, an archetype per se. He had within him all the divine properties of God, but had since lost this state of perfection, leading to separation from God. In Sufism, it is believed that all people still have the ability regain that state of perfection. In this sense, the “Perfect Man” is said to be someone who has realized his true oneness with God; one who has reached this perfect state is called awliya. The foremost example of the Perfect Man is the Prophet Muhammad, who all Muslims aspire to imitate. It’s important in Sufism that a being like the Perfect Man exists because it makes it easier to picture a relationship with God, as the bridge formed by the Perfect Man makes Him close and accessible. In this way, Sufis can see themselves as a reflection of the Divine, though different due to the existence of human nature. To attain a state of perfection, one must always realize this difference between human nature and the Divine, while still trying to emulate the attributes of God. These attributes are commonly cited as the attributes of beauty, the attributes of majesty, the attributes of perfection, and the attributes of the essence. Reaching these attributes requires a person to relinquish his ego, and focus solely on how he can become more like God, while still staying humble and knowing his own human nature...
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...The Heart Chakra is the core essential to both our physical and spiritual bodies, much like the actual human heart. This Chakra collage somewhat darker than my previous pieces as I feel substantial dysfunction around the heart chakra. I have experienced significant emotional and bodily abuse through intimate relationships with others. The silhouette in the collage is shaded in ominous shades of blue and green. The posing of the silhouette is meant to illustrate a person reaching out for help after falling. Like The Damsel archetype, I’m constantly waiting for that one ‘godlike’ individual to lift me out of my turmoil surrounding love and make me feel complete again. I am aware that is an incredibly unhealthy way to operate, I should be able...
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...prohibition had social and cultural impact on the American people. The mass- consumption dramatically increased the availability of consumer goods. The prohibition had a strong impact on America socially. The prohibition was supported by churches and woman, and greatly promoted in the south and west, but it was opposite in eastern cities. The Volstead act, passed by congress in 1919, implemented prohibition. The laws was unable to become enforced due to understaffed and underpaid federal and state agencies. This led to underground nightclubs, home brew, bathtub gin, and bootleggers. But economically, saving did increase and absenteeism from work decrease during the prohibition. The prohibition also spawned organized crimes and gangsters like Al Capone. These crimes and gangsters led to gang wars in the cities, and moved crime into other illicit activities, such as gambling, prostitution and narcotics. Organized crimes became one of the nations most profitable business, due to the prohibition. Cars also had a cultural and social impact on america. In 1910, there were about 69 car companies, which impacted people's lives. Henry ford was best known for, cheap, rugged and reliable cars. Production was based on standardization, interchangeable parts, and the assembly line. Dependence of the car industry on steel, made steel industry boom, and thousand of jobs support industries were created. Cars was consider a new standard of living for americans. City dwellers had a bigger variety...
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...finally in May 2nd 2011, the US was able to find him. The President of the United States, Barack Obama, made a speech on the mission that was taken place. He spoke how after he took office he made a priority to capture or kill Bin Laden and how there was intelligence of a possible lead of Bin Laden in Pakistan. President Obama’s speech about what the United States has in the future about terrorism was not going to stop there, because terrorism was not going to stop at Bin Laden. There is always someone that is going to take his place and still networks of al-Qaeda all over there world that need to be dismantled. President Obama stated (2011), yet his death does not mark the end of our effort. There’s no doubt that al Qaeda will continue to pursue attacks against us. We must –- and we will -- remain vigilant at home and abroad. The killing of Usama Bin Laden was a big step in combating terrorism, it has made a huge empty hole in al-Qaeda, because he was a symbol to terrorist groups and he was still continuing in plotting attacks all over the world. The Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, Leon E. Panetta also made a very similar speech like President Obama on that day that Usama Bin Laden was killed. In his speech he congratulate on all the hard work of all the people involve that lead to Bin Laden but he stated (2011),...
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...those parents. If we watch these shows carefully and look into all those dirty jokes, violence action, and inappropriate language, actually the show is full of morality and everyday knowledge. Although the jokes seem neither appropriate nor polite, they serve to give education to kids at the end. These shows allow us to look at things at different angles and different aspects, and they also allow us to think more about the differences between moral and immoral. One of my most favorite episodes of South Park is “Manbearpig”. The show is about a lonely and attention-desperate Al Gore goes to the South Park Elementary and explains to kids the earth’s biggest threat is Manbearpig, the half man, half bear, and half pig monster as Al Gore describes. Nobody cares about what he says, and nobody trusts him, he has no friend. It spoofs Al Gore and his Globe Warming speech. Although the kids know Al Gore uses manbearpig to gain attention from people, they decide to help him hunt the...
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...Regan Revolution through President Obama Kelly B. Turner Tonya Simmons Contemporary US History Strayer University 06 September 2012 During the time period under discussion from the Regan Revolution to our current President Obama, one major historical turning point was the creation of the Internet. This vast network of linked computers that allowed information to be shared easily and instantly, propelled the information technology of personal computers and cell phones forward at high speed. (Schultz, 2011) The ways that the Internet has changed life in the United States over the past two decades is vast. The economy has widely changed in this new age of technology, American companies reached overseas markets, businesses could broaden their customer base, and computers helped to streamline the manufacturing process. (Schultz, 2011) Fewer Americas read newspapers in the 21st century; instead, they are updated minute by minute on all things news, sports, even keeping up with what their friends ate for lunch via any number of social media outlets. With this burst in IT development came the race to create powerful technology so small that it will fit in a person’s pocket. Americans are not only connected to the world and each other at any given moment of the day, most now have constant access to very powerful computers the size of their hands. Another shift in the culture is the documentation of people’s lives. Every event is documented and publicized...
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...“By your own Instincts” The majority of the human race is influenced by millions of things each and every day. We may not realize it, but just seeing what a person simply wears can be very influencing as in changing our own personal outlook. The way we dress and appear in front of others, but this is just a tiny fraction of influences that all adds into a bigger picture. That bigger picture is the one thing we all simply see and not realize the magnitude of influence. That influence is the media. Now rather it is the eight o’clock news to the emergency CNN reports straight to you from the President of the United States, they are all very influencing. It is hardwired into our brain to trust. To adapt and by adapting, we must trust how or who will help us adapt. Our generation in the two thousands has led to mass information connection by the simple touch of the click of the mouse. You have Wikipedia, to Good Morning America, to our very own family hear say. The question is, why not just trust your own instincts? The words Nine-Eleven is a date that any American will remember because of the mass tragedy that burned into our media, our minds, and our history. On September eleventh of Two Thousand One, we all woke up to a very shocking interruption in America’s flow. Around nine o’clock in the morning, we the American people were informed that there had been a terrorist attack on two of our very own leading corporate buildings that regulated trade. Those buildings...
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...This man should be tried by the federal court. The Supreme Court of the United States has the highest federal court in the United States. It has final jurisdiction over all other courts in the nation. The congress found a solution to which was the Authorization for Use of Military Force or AUMF. This organization allowed the president to use all necessary and appropriate forces against any nations, organizations, or persons that plans, authorizes, commits, or aided in the September 11, 2001 attack. After this al Qaeda attack the president ordered the Armed Forces to Afghanistan to straighten out al Qaeda and control the Taliban regime. On September 11, 2001 approximately three thousand people were killed in those terrorist attacks. Yaser Esam Hamdi was born an American citizen in 1980 in Louisiana. He moved with family to Saudi Arabia while he was a child. By 2001 he resided in Afghanistan. He was seized by a military group who opposed the Taliban government and then was turned over to the United States military. After which he was transferred ultimately to Charleston, South Carolina. They want to detain him in the United States jail indefinitely. They however don’t have formal charges but in hopes to make the determination that access to counsel or further process is necessary. Hamdi’s father filed an habeas petition on his behalf alleging that the government was holding his son in violation of the fifth and fourteenth Amendments. He believed that the United States was not abiding...
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...Terrorism The United States has opened the eyes of the global community to terrorism after the attacks of 9/11. These attacks, by terrorist group Al Qaeda, were aimed at the United States and the allies of the country, which is a little recognized fact. On September 11, 2001, more than 80 countries lost citizens in the attacks on the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and one aircraft which thanks to its brave passengers would miss its intended target, undoubtedly saving many lives while unfortunately taking some of much value. After the world opened its eyes to this impending threat, it then responded with support for the United States in its newly forged battle. Because of this, the United States should show other nations the same support; terrorism, no matter where it takes place, is a global battle, and should be treated as such. Terrorists can attack anywhere at any time, so to sit back and not take action when another faces such ordeals as those taking place on 9/11 would be wrong, but not just that-it would also almost ensure that these acts continue on and on, never ending. It will take the combined efforts of nations to destroy terrorism. Counter terrorism is how a country responds to stop terrorism, and here too the international community is working together identifying and locating terrorists residing in varied places all around the world. The FBI, CIA, Department of Defense (all US organizations) are also aiding in the search. The United States leads the...
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...Al Qaeda and Affiliates: Historical Perspective, Global Presence, and Implications for U.S. Policy Crissy L Rogers Miller-Motte Technical College Risk Management SI200 Mr. Brian Peters 1. Rollins, J. (2011). Al Qaeda and Affiliates: Historical Perspective, Global Presence, and Implications for U.S. Policy. Ft. Belvoir: Defense Technical Information Center. Summary According to John Rollins, specialist in terrorism and national security, Al Qaeda today is very different than the one that was portrayed directly after the 9/11 attacks. Then, they were considered an organization of veterans of the Afghan insurgency against the Soviet Union, with their leadership made up of majority Egyptians, who not only approved attacks but were also the ones who organized them. Today, it has transformed into global network, one who has independent cells and associates in over 70 countries. Modern technologies, such as the internet, allow these cells and associates to be radicalized by those who have traveled for indoctrination and training. Their goal is to serve as a forefront for stimulating Muslims and others to join a jihadi movement, claiming that they will be helping to defend and purify Islam with violent actions. (2011) Critical Analysis Overall, Al Qaeda leaders have displayed a reasonable readiness to adapt the strategic and tactical content of their statements to changing circumstances. Although Bin Laden's self-professed goal is to stimulate, and mobilize the Islamic...
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...September 11, 2001. On this date one of America's greatest tragedies occurred. In this tragedy, around three thousand people were killed, with a total of six thousand injured. On this day four planes were hijacked; two of them hit the Twin towers in New York city, one hit the Pentagon in Arlington Virginia just outside Washington D.C., and a fourth one crashed in Pennsylvania, the intended destination of that plane is unknown. What happened on this day completely changed the world forever. The people who have been said to be responsible was a terrorist group called Al-Qaeda. The United States citizens have been told to believe that there were 19 hijackers from Al-Qaeda who hijacked four United States commercial jets, and purposefully crashed them into The Twin Towers, and The Pentagon. After the attack happened, the United States responded with launching “The War on Terror” and invaded Afghanistan to eliminate the Al-Qaeda. The leader in charge of the attack was Osama Bin Ladin. This war is still going on to this day, and we still have not found Osama Bin Ladin. ("Formal Analysis, September 11 2001.") The world, specifically the United states, believe that this planned attack was unknown to the United States government.. Many conspirators believe that the government knew about the plans to attack The Twin Towers and The Pentagon, and still allowed it to happen. The main proof that people point at to this theory is that there was what looked like to be insider trading. On the...
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...“This is the word of the LORD: 'Not by might nor by power, but by My Spirit,' says the LORD of hosts” Integrity Produces Excellence This morning I will share how integrity produces a life of excellence. Remember to project your voice Open In Prayer Father I pray that as I share today your word will bring revelation to our lives. AMEN Opening Today we continue with the subject of Honesty and Integrity. Ps John has shared on Honesty is the only policy reasons we lie and facing the consequences. Last week he also spoke on Integrity today I will share on how integrity in our lives produces a life of excellence. 1. God loves a person that holds fast to their integrity Job 2:3 says: Then the LORD said to satan, "Have you considered My servant Job, that there is none like him on the earth, a blameless and upright man, one who fears God and shuns evil? And still he holds fast to his integrity, although you incited Me against him, to destroy him without cause." We can see in this scripture that God loves a person that holds fast to their integrity so much that He boasts to satan that Job is a man of integrity and he holds fast to it. Remember to project your voice Today I would like to ask you, are you a person that holds onto your integrity when difficult times comes? Integrity is defined in the Webster’s dictionary as: Integrity comprises the personal inner sense of "wholeness" deriving from honesty and consistent uprightness of character...
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