...What are the options? pricing and taxation policy reforms to redress excessive alcohol consumption and related harms in australia natacha Carragher & Jenny Chalmers1 nsW Bureau of Crime statistics and research 1 Natacha Carragher, Research Fellow, ATCL, BSc(Hons), PhD. Jenny Chalmers Senior Research Fellow, BEc(Hons), MEc, PhD. Drug Policy Modelling Program, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales. Address for correspondence: Dr Natacha Carragher, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052. Tel: 02 9385 0249. Fax: 02 9385 0222. Email: n.carragher@unsw.edu.au 2011 Published by the NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research Attorney General’s Department Level 8 St James Centre 111 Elizabeth Street Sydney 2000 Australia Phone: +61 (2) 9231 9190 Fax: +61 (2) 9231 9187 Email: bcsr@agd.nsw.gov.au Website: www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au ISBN 978-1-921824-33-3 This report is available in pdf format on our website and may be provided in alternative formats. Please contact the Bureau on 02 9231 9190 or email us at bcsr@agd.nsw.gov.au © State of New South Wales through the Attorney General’s Department of NSW 2011. You may copy, distribute, display, download and otherwise freely deal with this work for any purpose, provided that you attribute the Attorney General’s Department of NSW as the owner. However, you must obtain permission if you wish to (a) charge others for access to the work (other than...
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...What are the options? pricing and taxation policy reforms to redress excessive alcohol consumption and related harms in australia natacha Carragher & Jenny Chalmers1 nsW Bureau of Crime statistics and research 1 Natacha Carragher, Research Fellow, ATCL, BSc(Hons), PhD. Jenny Chalmers Senior Research Fellow, BEc(Hons), MEc, PhD. Drug Policy Modelling Program, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales. Address for correspondence: Dr Natacha Carragher, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052. Tel: 02 9385 0249. Fax: 02 9385 0222. Email: n.carragher@unsw.edu.au 2011 Published by the NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research Attorney General’s Department Level 8 St James Centre 111 Elizabeth Street Sydney 2000 Australia Phone: +61 (2) 9231 9190 Fax: +61 (2) 9231 9187 Email: bcsr@agd.nsw.gov.au Website: www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au ISBN 978-1-921824-33-3 This report is available in pdf format on our website and may be provided in alternative formats. Please contact the Bureau on 02 9231 9190 or email us at bcsr@agd.nsw.gov.au © State of New South Wales through the Attorney General’s Department of NSW 2011. You may copy, distribute, display, download and otherwise freely deal with this work for any purpose, provided that you attribute the Attorney General’s Department of NSW as the owner. However, you must obtain permission if you wish to (a) charge others for access to the work (other than...
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...present are influenced by lifestyle choices. There are many current health issues within the UK that are affecting current health patterns and are likely to affect the future patterns of health. The government has introduced policies and legislations that should tackle these factors affecting health patterns. Binge drinking used to mean drinking a lot of alcohol over consecutive days, however now binge drinking refers to drinking a lot of alcohol over a short period of time whether this is to get drunk or to feel the effects of the alcohol on them. This has only more recently changed as teenagers have been seen to drink considerably more alcohol. Different Medias have shown that teenagers have been seen to binge drink more than the average adult drinks. “Media coverage has been given to news that “British teenagers are the third worst binge drinkers in Europe” Teenagers may have many reasons to drink such as issue as home, to fit in, peer pressure or even to feel a sense of thrill from the alcohol. Drinking alcohol carelessly which is what teenagers currently do, causes many health issues. Binge drinking can cause different illnesses and can stop some process from functioning accordingly; these include heart disease, strokes, liver problems, alcohol poisoning and pregnancy. Liver cirrhosis is one of the most common illnesses developed from binge drinking. “Two 17-year-olds, an...
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...Porter’s Five Forces Wine Industry Contents 1. Bargaining power of buyers………………………………………………………………………….1 2. Bargaining power of suppliers………………………………………………………………………2 3. Rivalry between existing companies………………………………………………………….…4 4. Threat of new entrants………………………………………………………..……………………….5 5. Threat of substitutes…………………………………………………………………………………….6 6. References………………………………………………...……………………...…………………………8 1. Bargaining power of buyers The buyer’s power within the wine industry varies between different places in the world. There are for example strategic differences between Europe and the “New World”. The “New World” includes countries like the US, Australia, Chile and South Africa. In Europe there is a big competition between small private family wineries while there are in the “New World” only a few large companies that have a big market share. To give you an example of this Australia have four firms that at the moment have around 75 % of the market while in France there are around 230 000 wineries. The power of buyers seems to be higher in Europe compared to the “New World”, in Europe the consumers have a more sophisticated taste and are more price sensitive compared to the “New World”. In Europe wine is sold through many different supermarkets which provide a wide range of different wine sorts from a lot of different private labels. This can be one of the reasons why the power of the buyers seems to be a bit higher in Europe than in for...
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...Exam 3 * 5 Policy Alternatives (short answer + know the definition) * 1) Prohibition * 2) Decriminalization * 3) Legalization * 4) Medicalization * 5) Harm Reduction * For Legalization: (short answer) * Policies creating more harm than drugs * Legalize so they don’t have to commit criminal acts * So many people are using it, should be legalized * Failed to reduce use and addiction * Prohibition has negative health consequences * Reduced drug price reduced violence * Crime would decrease less crowded courts and jails * Focus too much on illegal drugs focus on legal drugs * Against Legalization: * Alcohol has history of social acceptance in US * Prohibition is affective against illicit drugs * Legalization of drugs increases consumption increase in overdose and death * How come crack involves higher level of violence than cocaine if less expensive drugs results in less crime? * If legalized more people will start using drugs * Good Country Policies (essay question) * England: * Marijuana is not prescribed for medical use * Prescribe heroin for heroin addicts * Reach out to people to get treatment through the Justice System * When you want help you get help * Portugal: * Jail time replaced with treatment * People caught with small amount sent to a panel ...
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...Methanol: * Known as methyl alcohol, methyl hydrate or wood naphtha * Simply form of alcohol used in the production and manufacturing of products * Occurs naturally * Annual global demand in 2011 almost 50 million tonnes Demand: * basic characteristic in pure form highly toxic and flammable limited number of direct application * mostly used as a base ingredient in the production and manufacturing of products * 2/3 of the global methanol supply was used in traditional applications such as formaldehyde and acetic acid * 1/3 used for gasoline blending, dimethyl ether (DME), methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) and the conversion of methanol to olefins (MTO) * 34% of supply used in production of formaldehyde, demand strong but in 2009 the National Cancer Institute (NCI) published a report that links formaldehyde to leukemia, multiple myeloma and Hodgkin’s disease * 13% demand accounts for acetic acid, primarily used in the production of vinyl acetate. Additionally, used as a base component for photographic film, solvents, textiles and vinegar * 11% MTBE demand remained constant due to its use as a clean energy component in Europe and many developing economies * 10% Fuel Blending, 7 % DME increasing demand annually, Fuel blending will increase since China will introduced new national standards for the use of methanol blends. Other countries such us Australia, Iran, Pakistan, Malaysia and Trinidad are researching methanol fuel blends as an alternative...
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...Assignment 2 – Essay Should the manufacture, supply and use of tobacco be criminalised? Provide arguments for and/or against (relates to defining crime; concepts of deviance etc) There is irrefutable evidence of the harmful effects of the consumption of tobacco products which has resulted in a rethink of both manufacture and supply of tobacco by greater society. Global legislation initiatives have enabled the close monitoring and control of the industry however the overall consumption of cigarettes and tobacco based products has not significantly decreased worldwide. The following discussion will seek to identify whether the manufacture, supply and use of tobacco should be criminalised or whether it should be closely regulated by government policy makers. Scientific studies have confirmed the dangers associated with passive smoking and its physiological effects on the human body. From a legal perspective, the act of public smoking could be considered a crime. Government regulation has introduced the banning of smoking in public venues yet this has done little to deter the consumption of tobacco in designated smoking areas. This discourse will argue that smoking should not be criminalised as it removes the freedom of choice which underpins the very foundations of democratic society. The criminalisation of tobacco would also reduce the amount of revenue that government could raise by encouraging criminal profiteers in engaging in the black market sales of tobacco. In contrast...
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...Master programme in Economic Growth, Innovation and Spatial Dynamics Corporate social responsibility as an organizational innovation: a comparative analysis of its implementation in the institutional frameworks of Sweden and the United Kingdom Klara Simcikova klara.simcikova.111@student.lu.se Abstract: Corporate social responsibility is a management concept originating from the Anglo-Saxon background and associated with the tradition of arm’s length relations between business and institutions in society. However, different institutional systems handle organizational innovations in dissimilar ways, and in the age of globalization, national institutions often interact with global ones. This study discusses how these mechanisms might affect CSR’s implementation in contrasting institutional frameworks – that is, Sweden and the UK, and finds that while explicit CSR seems to have converged, likely due to global pressures for equivalence, on a more fundamental level, domestic institutions remain major actors in influencing what version of CSR will develop. Even though the use of the concept, practices and motivation may appear similar, important differences emerge. CSR in Sweden seems to have a normative justification and an international focus due to the Swedish tradition of corporatist integration whereas in the UK, CSR is justified instrumentally, with a national focus, and is viewed as a complement to or substitute to state action. Key words: Corporate social responsibility,...
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...Entry Plan into International Market Revlon’s Entry into Sweden Chari M. Calhoun Dr. James J. Ruether International Marketing June 13, 2015 Introduction: Company history In 1932, Charles and Joseph Reveson along with a chemist named Charles Lachman, founded Revlon (Revlon 2014). The company began by making a single product which was a unique type of nail enamel. Revlon is now an international corporation with a multi-million dollar net income. Cosmetics, hair care, skin care fragrances, deodorant/anti-perspirant, and other beauty care products are Revlon’s key products. Its products are sold in approximately 150 countries and six continents (Revlon 2014). The company operates in North America, Asia Pacific, Europe, Middle East and Africa (AMEA), and Latin America. It is headquarted in New York City, New York and employed approximately 6,900 people as of December 31, 2013 (Revlon,Inc. 2014). Market penetration strategies, developing new products, utilizing market development strategies, building its strong brands, expansion by introducing new consumer preferred products, and existing franchise extensions, are all part of the alternative corporate growth strategies used by Revlon. These strategies are the key element of the organization’s success. Sweden is a country in which Revlon could capitalize from strategically entering into the market and continuing its present consistent growth. Company profile and analysis The current president and chief executive officer...
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...[pic] [pic] [pic] SWEDEN FACTS AND FIGURES (2009 -2010) : Full name : Kingdom of Sweden (Sverige (SE), Ruotsi (FI) ) Capital :Stockholm ( 5 m inhabitants) Major language :Swedish Major religion : Christianity Land Area 449,964 sq.km (173 732 sq miles) Population: 9,3 m (=0,14 % of world´s population) Foreign born inhabitants : 13,8 % Population density: 20 sq. km Life expectancy: Men 80 years , women 84 years Adult literacy: 99% Average per household 2.1 Divorces per1,000 : 2.1 Internet domain : .se International dialing code :+46 Currency : Swedish Krona ( 9, 1310 Kr ~1 €) Parliament: The Riksdag, with 349 members in a single chamber National Day: June 6 Education: Nine years of compulsory schooling, but most pupils continue to the three-year upper secondary school. Around one third go on to higher education at universities and colleges throughout Sweden Working hours: Standard work week is 40 hours, minimum paid vacation is 5 weeks Labor force participation: Men: 74.0 %. Women: 68.3 % Employment (% of total): Agriculture 2%, industry 23%,services 75%,unemployed 9 % Longest north-south distance: 1,574 km Longest east-west distance 499 km Agricultural land: 8 % Forests: 53 % Marshland: 9 % Grasslands: 7 % Bare rocks and mountains: 12 % Lakes and rivers: 9 % Highest mountain: Kebnekaise (2,103 m) Biggest lake: Vänern (5,650 sq km) Natural resources: forest, ore, water power (see even http://www.sweden.se/eng/Home/Quick-facts/Sweden-in-brief/) ...
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...Alcohol at 18: Perhaps The debate whether or not the Minimum Legal Drinking Age (MLDA) in the United States is lowered to 18 years of age has come up plenty of times in the past. Some people may argue that lowering the drinking age would destroy our country. How come it hasn’t destroyed Canada or England? Some people believe that lowering the drinking age should not be that big of an issue, and that the problem lies on the fabrics of the population. Some even argue that lowering the drinking age will solve many issues we face today, and that underage drinking, alcoholism, and drug abuse would decrease. “Since 1984, we have had, in effect, a national drinking age of 21. The law imposes prohibition --we must call this what it is--on everyone under the age of 21, including those age 18-20 who are, in the eyes of the law, in all other respects, adults” (McCardell, 2010). Why would our country go into despair if the MLDA is lowered? Many factors point to the facts that underage drinking is a big problem in our age. “In the late 1970s and the early 1980s, largely independent efforts to raise state MLDAs resulted in differing state minimum drinking ages across the United States. This patchwork of drinking ages encouraged underage individuals in states with higher MLDAs to drive across state borders to drink or purchase alcohol in neighboring states that had lower MLDAs, probably contributing to higher rates of traffic crashes among youth aged 18–20” (Toomey, Traci L., Toben F. Nelson...
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...statement as such, with people ordering “Absolut and Tonic”. Originality combined with consistency in marketing were key elements in the achieved success, leading to repeated two-digit increases in sales, year after year and positioning Absolut as the 5th largest selling spirit brand in the world. In the past few years V&S Absolut Spirits has experienced a strong increase in demand from, among other places, the quickly growing Global Travel Retail market, which, combined, is the second biggest market for ABSOLUT VODKA. Background --: The name "Absolut" was introduced in 1879 by the entrepreneur Lars Olsson Smith. Smith introduced fractional distillation that produces liquor without fusel alcohol in Sweden. In 1917 the Swedish government monopolized the alcohol industry in Sweden. Vodka was then sold nationwide under the name "Absolut Renat Brännvin". The name was later on cropped to Absolut vodka in the year 1979. Much of Absolut's fame is due to its long-running advertising campaign, created by advertising agency based on the distinctive bottle shape. In the 1970's, American consumers accounted for 60% of the vodka purchased worldwide. However, 99% of the vodka consumed in the United...
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...and presidents have signed the Amethyst Initiative, asking that the United States reconsider the minimum legal drinking age-21 (MLDA-21) laws that have been in place in all 50 states since 1984. The Amethyst Initiative argues that the MLDA-21 laws simply do not work, create a culture of binge-drinking, and that a policy of legalization and education would be more effective in protecting the safety of American adolescents. Elisabeth Muhlenfeld, the president of Sweet Briar College in Virginia and Amethyst Initiative signatory writes that 70 percent of the student population is underage. Teaching abstinence to students that blatantly ignore the MLDA-21 laws, or urging responsible behavior while drinking underage and breaking the law, are both hypocritical positions for the college administration to be in (Muhlenfeld 2). The Amethyst Initiative position is that current MLDA-21 laws have created a culture of heavy alcohol use by making drinking clandestine and extreme (Saylor 1). The statistics seem to back up this claim. Recent survey's of the 18-20 year old population by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services show that a full 72 percent report having used alcohol in the last year. 36% of those polled reported having “gotten completely wasted” by binge-drinking within the last month. Other polls conducted by Harvard University put this number much closer to 50%. One in five teenagers reports they have experienced “black-out” spells related to binge-drinking. (Muhlenfeld...
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... Canada Chile China Colombia Denmark Egypt France Germany Hong Kong India Indonesia Iran Ireland Israel Italy Japan Jordan Malaysia Mexico Netherlands Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore South Africa South Korea Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Thailand Turkey United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Venezuela Yemen The Executive Planet™ guides to doing business worldwide each contain the following articles: Let's Make a Deal - negotiating tactics, the value of connections, recommended business card style and content, business card protocol, sitting and presenting yourself in meetings, language for brochures and promotional material, pace of business, preferred presentation styles, final agreements, thinking styles, adherence to company policy, and more business culture info . . . Prosperous Entertaining - typical mealtimes throughout the day, best venues for business entertaining, punctuality for social events, dinner table seating etiquette, mealtime etiquette, importance of alcohol, toasting, guidelines for hosting a...
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...Market Overview of Caruthersville Jeffrey Tarpley ECO204: Principles of Microeconomics Nicholas Bergan October 7, 2013 Market Overview of Caruthersville Jeffrey Tarpley ECO204: Principles of Microeconomics Nicholas Bergan October 7, 2013 The town of Caruthersville Missouri has a diversified market structure on the local level. It has some businesses that supply products on a national level and even on the international level. The objective is to find what is presently here and what can be done to improve the business environment in Caruthersville. Lets begin by looking at the types of market structures. A large number of buyers and sellers, ease of entry and exit in the industry, perfect knowledge, and mobility of resources characterize perfect competition market. (Amacher & Pate, 2013, p. 9.1) A market structure that has only one seller of a product with no close substitutes is considered a monopoly. Many firms selling differentiated products with easy entry and exit in the industry are called monopolistic competition. A few firms competing with mutual interdependence in the market is called oligopoly. The structure called oligopoly is sometimes viewed as a shared monopoly. (Amacher & Pate, 2013, p. 11.4) Internet providers would fall into this category; they seem to offer the same service at relatively the same price level. There seems to be obstacles of government regulations and licensing that help to deter new competition from entering...
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