...Colon Cancer in Woman Janet Oleskewicz HCS 245 Introduction to Health and Disease September 17, 2012 Timothy Coleman Colon Cancer in Woman Colon cancer is not only a “man’s disease” which is a common misconception but also effects woman equally. According to NetWellness (2010), “colon cancer ranks as the third most common cause of cancer deaths in women after breast and lung cancer”. More than 25,000 woman will die this year from colon cancer, accounting for approximately 10% of all deaths from cancer (Witt, M.D, 2012). Studies and experts say, women tend to be more opposed verses men about following up on their checkups and cancer screenings. Women are generally more willing to get possible unreassuringly symptoms that could point to cancer, but not always. Younger woman are more inclined to disregard signs that could point to cancer. They seem to think that cancer is more an issue of concern for the elderly. Often this is right however young people get cancer too. “Colon cancer is a cancer within the large intestine, the bottom portion of one’s digestive system. Rectal cancer is cancer of the last several inches of the colon. Together, they are often referred to as colorectal cancers. Most cases of colon cancer begin as small benign clumps of cells called adenomatous polyps” (MayoClinic, 2011). These are mushroom shaped cancerous tumors developments in the colon, rectum and appendix (Mote, 2012). In the beginning...
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...What is Colon Cancer? * Colon cancer is cancer that occurs in the cells of the colon. Colon cancer is quite common, being the third most common cancer in men and women in the U.S. About 110,000 people in the U.S. are diagnosed with colon cancer each year. * Some health experts consider colon and rectum cancers as one group, called colorectal cancer. Others treat these two cancers as completely separate: colon cancer and rectum (rectal) cancer. * In addition to the approximately 110,000 new cases of colon cancer each year, there are an additional 40,000 cases of rectal cancer, bringing the combined total of colon and rectal (colorectal) cancer to approximately 150,000 new cases per year. Types of Colon Cancer * About 95% of all colon cancers are adenocarcinomas. The other 5% of colon cancers are made up of less common cell types including neuroendocrine tumors, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), carcinoid tumors, lymphomas, melanomas, leiomyosarcomas, and signet ring cell tumors. * Some of these cell types may sound familiar to you, because they occur in other parts of the body, too. For example, melanoma most commonly occurs in the skin, but it can occur in the colon and other areas, as well. What are the symptoms of colon cancer? * Symptoms of colorectal cancer are numerous and nonspecific. They include: fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, change in bowel habits, narrowstools,diarrhea or constipation, red or dark blood...
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...on her symptoms. They soon discovered that the tumor had formed on her colon and admitted her into the hospital for further examination. Doctors informed her that if she had waited a day later she would not have survived. After being under close watch, they pronounced the tumor cancerous. The doctor explained to her that she would have to undergo surgery to remove the tumor to insure that the cancer did not spread. My mother went through months of surgeries, one in which she had to get a colostomy, filled with complications. She began a six-month long treatment of chemotherapy soon after she was unconstrained from the hospital. My mothers’ cancer is in remission as of now and she is making every possible change to keep it that way. Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of death amongst males and females of varying ages in the U.S. and is the most preventable of cancers. Since colon cancer is becoming very common in deaths in the U.S., I will be providing an educative look on the history of colon cancer, the risk factors associated with the development, and preventative measures and conventional treatments. Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body and is a term for a large group of other diseases. Prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, and ovarian cancer, colon cancer, and others are the in this broad group. It is important to understand the history of colon cancer. Colon cancer is the second...
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...Colon cancer develops in the large intestine (colon), the lower part of your digestive system. Rectal cancer develops in the rectum, which makes up the last several inches of your intestinal tract. Together, they're referred to as colorectal cancers. Rectal cancer begins as small clumps of cells called polyps. Although most polyps are noncancerous (benign), some become cancerous over time. Regular screening to find and remove precancerous polyps can prevent rectal cancer from developing. Changes in your diet and lifestyle — such as healthy eating and increasing your physical activity — can help prevent polyps from forming, greatly reducing your risk of rectal cancer. Colon cancerEmail this page to a friendShare on facebookShare on twitterBookmark & SharePrinter-friendly version Colon, or colorectal, cancer is cancer that starts in the large intestine (colon) or the rectum (end of the colon). Other types of cancer can affect the colon. These include lymphoma, carcinoid tumors, melanoma, and sarcomas. These are rare. In this article, colon cancer refers to colon carcinoma only. Causes Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Early diagnosis, though, can often lead to a complete cure. Almost all colon cancers start in glands in the lining of the colon and rectum. When doctors talk about colorectal cancer, this is usually what they are talking about. There is no single cause of colon cancer. Nearly all colon...
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...A Review of Colorectal Cancer The colon and rectum both preform major functions daily in the digestion system. The colon absorbs water and converts the leftover food into indigestible fecal matter. The rectum stores the fecal matter until it is time to dispose of it. Colorectal cancer occurs when the cells of these two organs become mutated and divide rapidly. Unless colorectal cancer is detected early, more often than not, it becomes deadly. When food enters the digestion system, it travels through the esophagus, the stomach, the small intestine, and then enters the colon. When it leaves the small intestine, it is a semisolid material that has already lost most of its nutritional value in the small intestine, but what is left are the indigestible carbohydrates and fibrous materials. If there are any important vitamins or minerals that the body could use, they are extracted by mixing it with the mucus and bacteria found in the colon (Almeida 316). There are four different sections of the colon: the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon. Each section of the colon has a crypt style, where there are many “waves” that make the colon squeeze a lot more length into a lot less space. Within the colon’s epithelial layer of cells, there are three different types of cells. Two of the three types may become cancerous, and these are the absorptive and goblet cells. They are found throughout the colon, and are more common throughout the epithelium than the third type,...
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...Many people fear getting checked for colon cancer. They hear stories of how painful it might be and how uncomfortable it is. According to Clinaero, Inc. (2006-2010), “Colon cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States” (para. 1). Colon cancer usually starts in the large intestines from something called polyps. This then can expand into nearby tissues and organs. It can also break away and move into the liver and lungs, which in turn can cause new tumors. Symptoms of colon cancer vary drastically. There are also many options for treatments if someone does have colon cancer. Having colon cancer can be deadly and people need to be aware of signs and treatments. Symptoms of colon cancer vary and can be nonspecific. Some symptoms can include bleeding and or blood in your rectum and stool, cramping, weakness, and weight loss. Another symptom could be a change in your bowel movements. Sometimes you will either get diarrhea or you will become constipated. Many people who experience these types of symptoms don’t even realize that there is anything wrong. This is why it is good to talk to your doctor if you experience any of these. The quicker you catch the cancer, the better off you might be of getting rid of it. Surgery is the most common treatment for colorectal cancer. Typical procedures that may be used in the treatment of colon cancer are: colonoscopy, open colectomy, laparoscopic surgery, and palliative surgery (Cancer Consultants, 1998-2010). Depending...
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...Colorectal cancer is a cancer that usually found in the colon and leads to the rectum, if diagnosed and treatment early it is most likely curable. “Nearly all colon cancers begin as noncancerous (benign) polyps, which slowly develop into cancer”(Colon Cancer: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia). When a doctor thinks a patient might have cancer, he or she can send to patient for proper screening before to symptom develops. Some different ways to diagnose colorectal cancer is by get a fecal occult blood test (FOBT), Sigmoidoscopy, and Colonoscopy. “If your doctor learns that you do have colorectal cancer, more test will done to see if the cancer has spread. This is called staging” (Colon Cancer: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia). In this case, a PET scan can to use to see where the cancer had spread to. When get treatment for colorectal cancer, it usually depends of the stage of cancer you might have. The common treatment for a patient that has colorectal cancer is surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. The first way that a person can possible be diagnose for some type of colon cancer is by a fecal occult blood test, also known as FOBT. “A fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is a non-invasive way to screen blood in your stools, which can be a symptom of colon cancer” (Dixon). For this test you can get a kit from your doctor. During this test you will have to collect three different samples of your stools and then send it to a laboratory to be tested for blood. Before you do a test...
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...research became available from Thomas Jefferson University in regards to colon cancer and the hormone guanylin. According to the research, Thomas Jefferson University studied tissue samples form 281 colon cancer patients. The tissue consisted of cancerous tissue from the colon and tissue surrounding the organ that was not cancerous. It was during the studying of the tissue samples that researchers realized that the cancerous tissue showed a diminished or absence of the hormone guanylin (University, 2014). In more than 85% of the colon cancer patients the hormone had decreased by 100 to 1,000 times its normal level. Researchers stained slices of tissue to check for the presence of guanylin, but the results were negative. Scott Walden, M.D, Ph.D., the senior author on the study, stated “The fact that the vast majority of cancers stop producing this hormone leads us to believe that guanylin may be driving the growth of the tumors” (University, 2014). He also stated that if the belief is true it would be possible to prevent colon cancer by using hormone replacement therapy that included guanylin. Dr. Waldman is Chair of the Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics and the Samuel MV Hamilton Professor at Thomas Jefferson University (University, 2014). In regards to determining how guanylin hormone therapy will affect colon cancer, the next step it to test whether is prevents colon cancer or inhibits the growth of tumors in mice. Human studies will follow. In the...
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...Colon Cancer Curtis Boutte COM/156 Kate Marciniak Colon Cancer can be cured through various medical procedures including early detection. I really was surprised to find out that if you do the screening process and not wait for symptoms it can save your life. Many people don’t realize that there are different colon cancers. Colorectal cancer (cancer of the colon [Large intestine] or rectum) is the third most common cancer in men and women. Cancer of the colon or rectum is called colon or colorectal cancer. It develops in the digestive tract from polyps that initially are benign, but that over time mutate into a cancerous tumor. The cancer cells invade and destroy nearby tissue, and can break away to form new tumors in other parts of the body, a process called metastasis. Colon cancer is very serious and can kill many people. I have had two grandparents die from this cancer. Colon cancer is not the leading killing cancer but is second to lung cancer. The following conditions may put you at a higher risk for colon cancer. Your family history according to (www.cancer .org) you are more likely to get colorectal cancer if one of your parents, a brother, or a sister has had the disease. If in the past you have had other types of cancer, a history of colon polyps, or inflammatory diseases of the bowl. Your lifestyle has a lot to do with your chances of getting colon cancer. If you smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol all the time, if you are lazy, obesity, and...
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...Various Methods Rebecca Bruce Oklahoma City University Abstract Colorectal cancer screening (CRC-S) should be a simple, safe, convenient, and inexpensive as possible, with high sensitivity and specificity that allows increased patient participation (Stevenson, 1991). As the third leading cause of US cancer-related deaths, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a serious health concern (CDC, 2014). In 2007, an estimated 158,500 people in the United States were diagnosed with CRC and an estimated 53,000 people died from colon cancer related deaths (ACA, 2014). A goal of healthcare professionals should be to provide education and outreach to all eligible patients for colorectal cancer screening at every possible opportunity. This goal will involve many different screening methods or a combination of these methods. The effort to reach more patients for CRC-S is a group effort among all disciplines and education levels. Keywords: colon cancer, colorectal screening, patient participation, screening methods CRC-S Increasing By Various Methods In the United States, Colorectal cancer can be prevented by the detection and removal of adenomatous polyps. Whenever possible, providers should educate and discuss with their patients the various methods available. Background and Significance The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) currently recommends screening for colorectal cancer using high-sensitivity fecal occult blood testing, flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy...
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...Death in America The #2 Leading Cause of Death in America Colon cancer and lung cancer are the top two killer cancers in America. Heart disease itself is the #1 killer in America followed by cancer. Lung cancer is the first deadliest cancer. Lung cancer is the most deadly than prostate, breast, and colon cancer put together. Lung cancer is an uncontrollable growth of cells that start off in one or both lungs. As tumors become larger and they start to multiply, they complicate the lung’s job, which is toprovide the bloodstream with the proper amount of oxygen that your body needs. Lung cancer is very deadly, as it kills more than 1,370,000 people a year. Some causes are as indicated: smoking, air pollution, radon gas, prior history of lung cancer, and finally asbestos fibers. The difference between lung cancer and colon cancer is that lung cancer is caused by smoking, and air pollution. Family genes, your diet, (eating habits), and family history of the disease cause Colon cancer. If more than one family member has had the disease, they are at an even greater risk. Aside from lung cancer, colon cancer is just as deadly. Colorectal cancer, which is commonly known as colon cancer, is the second cause of cancer related deaths in women and men. Colon cancer is a type of cancer that forms inside of the cells lining, the inside of the colon, or the rectum. Over time, colon cancer may form into a massive tumor. The cancer cells enter and destroy any tissue close by. They can also...
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...Colon Cancer Essay Kimberlee Mendoza COM/172 Spring 2012 University of Phoenix BSCJA/HS-004 By edgar casillas Chelito16_@hotmail.com (619) 358-3815 May 20th, 2012 Colon cancer is known to be one of the most common cancers in the western world. In the United States, colon cancer is the second cause of death from cancer only surpass by lung cancer. More women die of colon cancer than breast cancer. Although not many do pay attention to the risk factors and symptoms. One reason may be due to the false assumptions that the only way to get rid of colon cancer is to become a vegetarian. It is important to notify people about the symptoms, risk factors, and how hazardous colon cancer can be, but it is even more important to educate the people on how to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells are separated without any control and are able to enter other tissues. There are over 100 different types of cancers and they are mostly named in the organ or type of cell where they initiate. For instance, cancer that starts in the colon is called "colon cancer". If the cancer is not treated or detected, it could lead to serious illness and even death. There are trillions of body cells in the human body. During the early stages of an individual’s life, the cells split rapidly, which lets an individual develop. Once a person is an adult, the cells only separate to patch-up injuries. When the cells start to separate without control, in a...
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...and attitude about colon cancer screening among African Americans. The research process consists of nine parts that include; selecting a problem, formulating a hypothesis, reviewing the literature, listing the measures, describing the subjects, constructing a design, constructing and identifying measurement devices, analysis of the data, and generating conclusions (Neutens, Rubinson, 2010). Upon evaluating the research process to the article, the paper will discuss how the literature review is used in the research, what the ethical considerations are for data collection, what the data describes in terms of statistical analyses, whether or not the findings are statistically significant, state if the conclusions match the results of the study and if the conclusion answer the research question in the definition of the problem, explain whether or not the conclusions are appropriate, and detail if there is enough information on the effectiveness of the study. Research process components in the article The first step in the research process is selecting a problem that involves deciding what the research will focus on. Selecting the problem requires research to ask questions and communicate with peers who may also have knowledge of the research topic (Neutens, Rubinson, 2010). The problem selected in the article explains that lack of knowledge, personal attitude, and many barriers among African Americans leads to higher rates that result in not receiving colon cancer screenings (James...
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...com/1472-6963/12/481 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Unsupported off-label chemotherapy in metastatic colon cancer Jonas A de Souza1,2*, Blase Polite1,2,3, Monica Perkins4, Neal J Meropol5, Mark J Ratain1,2,6, Lee N Newcomer4 and G Caleb Alexander7 Abstract Background: Newer systemic therapies have the potential to decrease morbidity and mortality from metastatic colorectal cancer, yet such therapies are costly and have side effects. Little is known about their non-evidence-based use. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using commercial insurance claims from UnitedHealthcare, and identified incident cases of metastatic colon cancer (mCC) from July 2007 through April 2010. We evaluated the use of three regimens with recommendations against their use in the National Comprehensive Cancer Center Network Guidelines, a commonly used standard of care: 1) bevacizumab beyond progression; 2) single agent capecitabine as a salvage therapy after failure on a fluoropyridimidine-containing regimen; 3) panitumumab or cetuximab after progression on a prior epidermal growth factor receptor antibody. We performed sensitivity analyses of key assumptions regarding cohort selection. Costs from a payer perspective were estimated using the average sales price for the entire duration and based on the number of claims. Results: A total of 7642 patients with incident colon cancer were identified, of which 1041 (14%) had mCC. Of those, 139 (13%) potentially received at least one of...
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...lives. They can include atherosclerosis, asthma, some kinds of cancer, chronic liver disease or cirrhosis, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, metabolic syndrome, chronic renal failure, stroke and obesity. As our world becoming more and more industrialized, the pace of our lives is speeding up, those diseases appearing to increase in frequency. Lifestyle diseases have become common problems that needed our attention. One major lifestyle disease is cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease has become the world’s major cause of death. According to statistics, it is responsible for over 30% of total global deaths (Murray & Lopez, 1996). As the average lifetime expectancy rising, the number of people at risk of cardiovascular disease is also increasing. This number could keep growing due to the increasingly sedentary lifestyle and the rapid rising in obesity children and teenagers. There are many risk factors for cardiovascular disease such as age, family history even gender, but it is believed that serum cholesterol, blood pressure and smoking are the major modifiable factors, which are strongly relate to one’s lifestyle (Hobbs & Arroll, 2009). Positive lifestyle changes are very important to prevent and manage cardiovascular disease. Smoking is one of the strongest risk factors that for atherosclerotic disease and has effect on cardiovascular. It is estimated that about 13% of death caused by cardiovascular disease are related to smoking...
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