...India has one of the largest populations in the entire world, and with that comes the second largest education system in the word. It is estimated that around thirty percent of India's population is under the age of fifteen[1], thus more children in the education systems. The large education system in India has not always had the best of reputations, and still does not hold a very reputable name for itself. Though there has been strides for improvements in the system of education for India in the last decade, the fundamentals of the law on education is where the main issue lies. There have been many changes to the education system of India in the years since their independence, but there is not much to show for the changes that have been made to their system since the quality of education material, as well as the quality of educators has made little improvement. The education system in India saw many changes shortly after colonial times, and have continued to change since then but the changes have not made as large of an impact as they should have. Many people see the education in India as inadequate, which it may certainly be. Before the British East India Company took the steps to intervene into the educational system, education had little to do with government. The education of India has an interesting history. It is believed by many historians that in the ancient days, the material that was to be taught was done so by word of mouth and was to be taught by the sages and...
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...• Pollution related issues have risen always, and too solved by concerning authority. • Apart this many more acts are passed in Indian constitution that was in fact necessary for Indian people. Directive principle of state policy is vast example for such activities. Page38 7. Read the text above and discuss how diverse intellectual ideas from the west and from India were being used to interrogate and construct new models of democracy. Can you think of other reformers and nationalists who were trying to do the same? Ans- • Fraternity, liberty and equality related things are always remained in Indian aspect and too always raised by different nationalist. Mahatma Gandhi, Subhas Chand Bose, Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallabhbhai Patel or Gopal Krishna Gokhale, they always supported such philosophy and tried to grasp it more and more. • The French Revolution supported...
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...and U.S.A’s Education Policy Student’s Name Institution Affiliation Introduction Education policy refers to the guidelines and principles that the government put in place as laws in order to govern the activities around education systems in their country (Dewey, 2012). These policies are meant to be implemented in all the stages of education that is from early childhood education, kindergarten through to 12th grade, university and college education, graduate, adult education and job training. The areas that the government focuses on while formulating and implementing education policy include school choice, class size, school size, teacher education, school privatization, teacher pay and certification, curricular content, teaching methods, school infrastructure and education requirements (Dewey, 2012). It also encompasses the values and missions that schools aim to uphold and achieve respectively. A country’s academic success is greatly determined by the kind of education policies that have been formulated and implemented by its government (Ravitch, 2012). Hence this is a very vital factor for citizens to consider when they are obligated to vote in a new government. They tend to look at the most beneficial and favorable education policies that are going to be for the good of the country. Politicians also prioritize this factor when they are campaigning for office. This essay aims at comparing two countries’ education policies that...
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...optimal use. Education makes man a right thinker and a correct decision-maker. It achieves this by bringing him knowledge from the external world, teaching him to reason and acquainting him with past history, so that he can be a better judge of the present. With education, he finds himself in a room with all its windows open to the outside world. A well educated man is a more dependable worker, a better citizen, a centre of wholesome influence, pride to his community and honour to his country. A nation is great only in proportion of its advancement in education. Over the years, the demand for children’s education has grown by leaps and bounds. Everybody from the poorest of the poor to the well off acknowledges the value of education in the overall development of children. Basically, the object of education is threefold i.e. physical, mental and spiritual. A perfect system of education must do full justice to all those three above. If we take a look at the Education Structure existing in India, we would find that, it is divided broadly in five stages: Pre-primary, Primary, Upper Primary, Secondary and Higher Secondary. Schooling in India follows the “10+2 pattern”. Moreover, if we take into consideration the Indian Education Scenario, we would find that, in the post-independence period, the pace of educational development has been unprecedented by any standards. The Govt. was committed to ensuring universal elementary education (primary and upper primary) education for all children...
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...THE GIST OF RTE ACT: RESPOSIBILITIES OF TEACHERS Introduction In India the Right to Education Bill is a constitutional amendment passed by the Indian parliament on 4th August 2009 which promises free and compulsory education for children between 6 and 14 in India. The bill also have provisions for no donation or capitation and no interview of the child or parent for the admission.. The bill was approved by the cabinet on 2nd July 2009. The RTE Act mandates that school teachers should have the necessary adequate professional qualifications to ensure quality of education. The Act makes funds available for teachers to undergo the necessary training and acquire the skills to ensure this. Regular school teachers can now be encouraged to take up the additional responsibilities. THE GIST OF RTE ACT ARE • Free elementary education for all children in the age group of 6 to 14 years in a neighbourhood school. • The state has to provide compulsory elementary education and to ensure not just enrollment but attendance and completion of education • It is mandatory to educate children along with their peer group. Special training should be given to facilitate age appropriate education. • Sets quality norms for all schools like pupil- teachers ratio (cannot exceed 1:30) 200 to 250 minimum days of school functioning in a year, minimum four to five hours of instruction in school daily, 45 hours a week as minimum working hours for the teachers, separate subject teachers and head-teacher...
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...39th clause of Magna Carta (1215) which provides that ‘no freeman shall be arrested or imprisoned or deprived of his freehold or outlawed or banished or in any way ruined, nor will we (ie the monarch) take or order action against him, except by the lawful judgment of his equals and according to the law of the land’. b. The United States Constitution iv. 1789 v. Bill of Rights – proposed in 1789 and ratified (became law) in 1791. vi. Chapter 1, Page 14 – Provisions of Bill of Rights – Table 1.2 vii. The notion of due process is also embodied in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the US Constitution, and in Articles 5 and 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. viii. The reference in the 5th Amendment applies only to the federal government and its courts and agencies. The reference in the 14th Amendment extends protection of due process to all state governments, agencies, and courts. c. Individual Rights in the Original Constitution ix. Habeas Corpus – Article 1, Section 9, Clause 2 an individual who has been restrained, by the government, in some way, may petition a Federal Court for a writ of habeas corpus to test whether the restraint violates the Constitution of laws of the United States. – Chapter 2 x. Bill of...
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...think this is very interesting and would like to learn more about the Irish language. MAIN BODY In 1893, The Gaelic League was founded with the aim of reviving the Irish language. Successful Irish Governments sought to re-establish the Irish Language as the native tongue. In 1924, the Department of Education began its work to co-ordinate a comprehensive primary and secondary school system. The most important aim was to increase participation in education and to make sure that the people of Ireland gained the basic skills of reading and writing. Gaelic became a badge of identity which distinguished the Irish from the British. The Cumann na nGeadheal Government sought to bring the language back into everyday life. One means of doing this was to translate Irish place names back into Gaelic. From 1922 onwards, signposts, addresses and maps were changed. By 1925, the civil service, Garda, armed forces and courts had all introduced Irish into their day to day affairs. In 1926 2RN and Radio Eireann, which were the two national radio stations of Ireland, broadcasted some of their programmes in Irish. An Gum was set up as the Irish language publishing branch of the Department of Education. Their was new Irish words being created for use in Irish language textbooks. In 1919, the Gaelic League made an educational plan which called for the inclusion of Irish language, History and...
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...Name Professor Course Date Brown vs. Board of Education The Brown vs. Board of Education case was a colossal influence on desegregation of schools in the United States of America. It created a milestone of equal opportunities in schools among the blacks and whites. The ruling of this case took place in 1954 and it ruled in favor of Mr. Brown. It is among one of the important cases ever heard on racial prejudice in the American history. The Brown vs. Board of Education case is about a young third grader girl in Kansas, Topeka city named Linda Brown (Dudley 48). Linda was subjected to trekking one mile through a railway switchyard daily in order to reach her black elementary school despite there being a white school seven blocks away from her home. Browns father attempted to find a chance in the white school to get her enrolled there since the black elementary school was far from home but the principal of the white school rejected Linda’s enrollment because she was black and the school was a white school. Mr. Brown and other parents reported the incident to the head of Topeka’s National Association for Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). The head of NAACP Mr. McKinley Burnett had really waited for such an opportunity so as to challenge racial segregation problem in court as segregation cases were very rampant in the United States schools. This was the right opportunity as Mr. Burnett and NAACP took legal action by taking the case to the District court. Brown lost the case to...
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...is not the only way of participating—by other measures, Americans may participate in politics more than Europeans. C. Important question: how do different kinds of participation affect the government? II. The rise of the American electorate (THEME A: POPULAR PARTICIPATION IN ELECTIONS) A. From state to federal control 1. Initially, states decided who could vote and for which offices 2. This led to wide variation in federal elections 3. Congress has since reduced state prerogatives through law and constitutional amendment. a) 1842 law: House members elected by district b) 15th Amendment (1870): seemed to give suffrage to African Americans (1) Opened the door to literacy tests, poll taxes, and grandfather clauses (2) Voting Rights Act of 1965 finally guaranteed right to vote to Blacks c) Women given right to vote by 19th Amendment (1920); participation rose immediately, but no major impact on electoral outcomes d) 18-year-olds given suffrage...
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...THE RIGHT OF CHILDREN TO FREE AND COMPULSORY EDUCATION ACT, 2009 35 of 2009 [AS ON 01.05.2014] [26th August, 2009] An Act to provide for free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years. Be it enacted by Parliament in the Sixtieth Year of the Republic of India as follows:-1. Short title, extent and commencement: (1) This Act may be called the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009. (2) It shall extend to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir. (3) It shall come into force on such date1 as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint. 2 [(4) Subject to the provisions of articles 29 and 30 of the Constitution, the provisions of this Act shall apply to conferment of rights on children to free and compulsory education (5) Nothing contained in this Act shall apply to Madras as, Vedic Pathsalas and educational institutions primarily imparting religious instruction.] 2. Definitions: In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,-(a) "appropriate Government" means-(i) in relation to a school established, owned or controlled by the Central Government, or the administrator of the Union territory, having no legislature, the Central Government; (ii) in relation to a school, other than the school referred to in sub-clause (i), established within the territory of-(A) a State, the State Government; (B) a Union territory having legislature, the Government of that...
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...specialize in strategic legal, regulatory and tax advice coupled with industry expertise in an integrated manner. We focus on niche areas in which we provide significant value and are invariably involved in select highly complex, innovative transactions. Our key clients include marquee repeat Fortune 500 clientele. Core practice areas include International Tax, International Tax Litigation, Litigation & Dispute Resolution, Fund Formation, Fund Investments, Capital Markets, Employment and HR, Intellectual Property, Corporate & Securities Law, Competition Law, Mergers & Acquisitions, JVs & Restructuring, General Commercial Law and Succession and Estate Planning. Our specialized industry niches include financial services, IT and telecom, education, pharma and life sciences, media and entertainment, gaming, real estate and infrastructure. IFLR1000 has ranked Nishith Desai Associates in Tier 1 for Private Equity (2014). Chambers & Partners has ranked us as # 1 for Tax, TMT and Private Equity (2013). Legal Era, a prestigious Legal Media Group has recognized Nishith Desai Associates as the Best Tax Law Firm of the Year (2013). Legal 500 has ranked us in tier 1 for Investment Funds, Tax and TMT practices (2011/2012/2013). For the third consecutive year, International Financial Law Review (a Euromoney publication) has recognized us as the Indian “Firm of the Year” (2012) for our Technology - Media - Telecom (TMT) practice. We have...
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...resources. One amongst them is the Education, which was not always a shared responsibility rather was a State subject where the Centre played only the role of advisor. When India got independence in 1947, the literacy rates at that time were very low, with only 27% male and 9% female population as literates (Census of India, 1951). The reason for this was the education system followed by...
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...INCLUSIVE EDUCATION: CHALENGES AND PROSPECT IN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE ABSTRACT Inclusive education is process of strengthening the capacity of the education system to reach out to all learners, irrespective of their abilities, disabilities, ethnicity, gender and age, and receives quality education. The purpose of the study is to ensure that all children gain access to quality education that will prepare them to contribute to country’s progress. Recommendations to send children with disabilities to mainstream schools were first made in the Sargent Report in 1944 and thereafter the Government of India has created numerous policies around inclusive education since the country’s independence. Despite the promotion of inclusive education, Govt. has focus on inclusive education as being about inclusion in the education system, but not specifically in the mainstream. We have adopted qualitative approach and secondary information on the status of inclusive education obtained from government documents, reports and available literature for the study. The review concludes although India’s remarkable progress to provide inclusive education, there is need to bridge the gaps in education system to build a strong system of inclusive education and must continue to improve the lives of its citizens. The study will help us have holistic perspective with respect to dealing with inclusive education. Keywords: inclusive education, legislation, India Introduction: Inclusion is an educational approach...
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...wisdom has answered the above-mentioned question although meticulously but has left it open-ended. The primary and the contemporaneous issue that whether the constitution of India guarantees a fundamental right to education to its citizens was answered in affirmative by the Supreme Court in the case of Unnikrishnan, J.P. v. State of Andhra Pradesh. [1] An eleven judge bench of the Supreme Court for the first time, inter alia addressed the issue of fee structure in detail in the case of T.M.A. Pai Foundation & Ors. Vs. State of Karnataka & Ors. [2] (hereinafter referred to as the Pai Foundation case). A bench of eleven judges was constituted so that it would not be bound by any of their earlier decisions. The fact that merits consideration is that the apex court was divided in its opinion in this case, which gave rise to subsequent questions, arising from the different interpretations by the different High courts. The apex court was vigilant enough to take into cognizance the ambiguities which had arisen from the aforesaid judgment, hence it constituted a constitution bench comprising of five judges to clarify the doubts which had arisen in the Pai foundation case. The Pai foundation case was elaborated and simplified in the case of Islamic Academy of Education and Anr. Vs. State of Karnataka and Ors.[3] Despite the sincere efforts made by the Supreme Court to clarify the doubts and to answer the questions which had arose subsequent to the Pai Foundation case, the Islamic Academy...
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... Diversity and Rights in Health and Social Care and Unit 10-Safeguarding Adults and Promoting Independence, Task 3a Know how legislation, policies and procedures promote health, safety and security in health and social care settings Outline the Legislation, Guidance or Policies. Include all attachments. | Legislation | Human Rights Act 1998 | The human rights act 1998 did not come into force until October 2000 in the UK. The act is made up of a series of sections that have the effect of codifying the protections in the European Convention on Human Rights into UK law. All public bodies and bodies that implement public functions must follow and comply with the convectional rights. The act allows any individual to take human rights cases in domestic court, which will mean that people don’t have to go to Strasbourg to argue their case in the European Court of Human Rights. The human right act can be used by anyone living in the UK, whether they are a British citizen or a foreigner a child, an adult or elderly person, a prisoner or member of the public. The human right protects a number of things including :The right to life: the act protects your life. The state is obligated to investigate any suspicious deaths and deaths in custody. Protection against being enslaved or being forced to do labour. Protection against being tortured or being treated in an inhuman way, no matter what the situation. The right to freedom and liberty- everyone has the right to be free and the state...
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