...Social Media in Emergency Management Matthew W. MacClellan Webster University SECR 5060 – Mr. Griffaw July 8, 2012 Contents Introduction 3 Technology 3 Four Phases of Emergency Management 4 How to Develop and Maintain a Social Media Site 4 Mitigation 6 Preparedness 8 Response 9 Recovery 12 Works Cited 15 Introduction Communications has evolved greatly since the days of using a rotary telephone connected to copper wires in order to communicate. Today nearly 50% of the population in the United States use smartphones daily. According to Frank N. Magid Associates that is a leading research-based consulting firm, Smartphone owners have increased from 31% in 2011 to 44% in 2012 with a projected increase to 57% this year (Godfrey, 2013). Take a look around next time you are out in public and pay special attention to how many people are using their smartphones and tablet computers, you will see the use of them everywhere you go. Users can make phone calls on their smartphones, but tend to use data services such as Short Message Service (SMS) commonly referred to as text messaging, internet services, Global Positioning Service (GPS), and the camera on the Smartphone. Technology There are many other devices today from computers to tablet computers, but in order to frame how instantaneous communications can occur today it is important to understand the power the Smartphone yields when it comes to instantly sharing information, locations, and photographs...
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...MK 620 Yafei Liu 11/16/2014 A Lesson from American Apparel On July 3, 2014, American Apparel, an American clothing brand posted an image of the 1986 space shuttle Challenger’s explosion on its Tumblr account with tags of “smoke” and “clouds”. The photo was supposed to be a celebratory post of the Independence Day, but it became a social media crisis of American Apparel since the image of the explosion was mistaken for fireworks by the one who edited and posted the image (Kleinberg, 2014). Observers on Twitter and Tumblr immediately recognized the photo and blamed the insensitivity of the brand. Some people even speculated about whether the company intentionally stoked the controversy, which it has done before in order to make people talking about the brand (Torossian, 2014). Within an hour after the photo was posted, American Apparel removed it and issued an official apology on its Twitter account. According to its post, the photo was mistakenly reblogged by an international social media employee, who is too young to remember the Challenger’s explosion. The reactions from public were mixed with both positive and negative responses. However, most people didn’t think the apology was acceptable, especially the excuse of why the photo was showed on the account (Torossian, 2014). Many people argued that the photo’s origin should have been investigated before being posted, and claimed the age of the social media manager was not an excuse for unknowing the tragedy...
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...Hurricane Sandy was the deadliest and most destructive hurricane of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season and also brought about the second-biggest financial cost in American history. Its storm surge hit New York City on October 29, flooding streets, tunnels and metro lines and cutting power in and around the city. F07-013 here! Figure 6 11 Subway stations merged New York city began taking precautions on October 26. Government ordered the closure of (Metropolitan Transportation Authority) MTA and its metro on October 28, and the MTA suspended all subways. Learned from Hurricane Irene which nearly submerged subways and tunnels in 2011, entrances and gates were covered just before Sandy hit, but some were still flooded. The MTA outlined a 3-stage...
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...Impact of Organizational Environment The Federal government has become more involved in response and recovery from major disasters. With the just recent disaster of Hurricane Sandy that devastated north east portion of the United States, specifically New York and New Jersey; has called for the services of emergency response units for response. Even to this day, thousands of people are without electricity and heat in their homes; others are homeless because their homes were destroyed by the wind, fire, and the Atlantic Ocean. Mitigation and having a Contingency Plan is important to help prevent high numbers of loss of life. When Hurricane Sandy came through, flooding and powerful waves slammed into homes and businesses, flooding areas of communities; which prevented fire departments from extinguishing fires that broke out. Local and national news were able to warn people ahead of time of the hurricane that was approaching; in which has probably saved thousands of lives. However, one of the four phases of Emergency Management has yet to be implemented effectively; Recovery. With so many homes and business obliterated, thousands of people displaced and homeless; they are looking for help, support, and answers from the federal government. Utility companies are feverishly working to reinstate electricity to the homes and businesses that were not destroyed; but recovery is going to be a long process and funding will have to be required in order to support the communities...
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...FEMA and Government’s Response to Super storm Sandy FEMA and Government’s Response to Super Storm Sandy The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), which became part of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security on March 1, 2003 coordinates the federal government's role in “preparing for, preventing, mitigating the effects of, responding to, and recovering from all domestic disasters, whether natural or man-made, including acts of terror” (FEMA.gov). When it comes to disaster response and recovery, it’s acts as part of a team. “The team includes federal partners, state, tribal and local officials, the private sector, non-profits and faith-based groups and the general public. All these organizations and agencies are involved in the response and recovery process that bring their resources to bear, in terms of financial resources, manpower and other support” (FEMA.gov). In preparation of Hurricane Sandy, FEMA officials worked closely with members of the Cabinet, including Secretary of Defense, Secretary of Transportation, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, Secretary of Energy, and Secretary of Health and Human Services in addition to governors and mayors from affected states, and many others to ensure states and local communities have the resources they need to recover from this storm. From a federal standpoint, several steps were taken to prepare for Hurricane sandy. It takes the coordination of many agencies within the federal system as well as state and...
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...rhetorical questions asked by the author of the journal article. ‘Adaptation’ is authored by Eric Klinenberg and is published in a journal called The New Yorker. The targeted audience is the people of New York, who have suffered the effects of climate change in the city. The article is written by the department of urban planning. This gives the author authority to address his audience since the department is concerned with enlightening the urban population about things that affect their everyday life. The date of publication is January 2013 making it relevant even to date. The city of New York is still subject to heat waves, hurricanes, and floods. The journal article is titled Adaptation: How can cities be “climate proofed”. The title articulates the content since it is taking about adapting to climate change in New York and other cities. This is after Hurricane Sandy that occurred in New York. The author focuses on how cities can take measures to adapt to weather changes. By climate proofing, the author means taking measures to prevent adverse weather condition. He uses a Geophysicist, who narrates about various cities that have become climate proofed after incidences of floods, storms, and destructive winds. The targeted audience is those living in New York and other cities which have witnessed the weather changes. The author uses the title “how can cities be climate proofed” to pose a...
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...On August 29th, 2005 an extremely destructive and deadly cyclone by the name of Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast of the United States, causing a great deal of damage in the states of Louisiana, Alabama and Mississippi where many homes were destroyed and many families had to evacuate from their homes and look for shelter. About more than 1,836 people died from this tragedy and about millions were left homeless and 800,000 housing units were tarnished. Hurricane Katrina has become known as one of the worst Hurricanes in American history and has surpassed other Hurricanes in recent years such as Hurricane Sandy and Hurricane Harvey. Hurricane Katrina had a lasting effect on the states that were damaged psychologically and ecologically that it took them a very long to fully recover. Also, it made such a huge impact that it led people to become more alert and cautious on how to protect themselves....
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...Hurricane Irene occurred August 21- August 28, 2011, on the east coast of the United States. In the caribbean Irene left extensive road damage as well as destruction to utility poles and vegetation. Some flooding also occurred in the caribbean with winds that tore off roofs as well as causing structural damage to many buildings. On the east coast of the United States, many trees were knocked down due to extreme soil saturation and erosion from heavy rains and winds. Widespread flooding also resulted from hurricane Irene, leading to significant damage to properties and cars and loss of power in most areas. Beach erosion was a big impact in coastal towns, tornados were created from the strong winds resulting in cares being overturned in North Carolina. Roads in North Carolina were extremely damaged leading to many towns in the Outer Banks to be cut off from other parts of the island and the mainland. Although Hurricane Irene impacted areas from the caribbean all the way up the east coast of the United States to Canada, some areas were affected more than others. New England felt more of the powerful effects of the storm than the south did. However, the caribbean also felt more of the effects than the south did, resulting in more severe damages to areas. New Jersey experienced severe amounts of flooding, many towns...
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...world often cause much attention as compared to the positive events that occur around the world. The terrorists have often struck various cities in the world killing thousands of people and causing mass destruction of property (Vonk 860). The United States has been confronted with international terrorists especially the Al-Qaeda terror group. The September 2001 bombing of the twin towers was an example of the terrorist disaster in the United States. Then the stock and real estate collapse in the US economy. The massive tsunami in Japan was another major disaster that got a lot of public address by all the media channels. The earthquake also triggered the nuclear disasters in Japan. The most recent disaster in the U.S is the hurricane Sandy. Hurricane Sandy has caused unprecedented loss of lives and destruction to property in U.S. United States is currently battling from the deepest recession that occurred since the Great Depression. All these events have had much public attention from the media and discussion forums. Even though the negative events have been getting much attention, there are several positive events currently that are worthy receiving much media attention. NEGATIVE ISSUES IN US...
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... The Sandy Effect When Hurricane Sandy hit my area, many of us were affected by the storm. On the night of Monday, October 29, Sullivan Dr. adjacent to my street, Lembeck Ave. experienced a lot of flood. Vehicles ended up not working because of the flood. The first three houses in my street were being flooded up until it reached house and the water started to go away. At around 9:30 P.M. everyone had lost power. I thought it would come back after a few minutes but my thoughts were wrong. We ended up sleeping without power the whole entire night. The next morning my house was very cold, and we decided to go to my aunt’s house in Cranford where he did had power. On our way there, we saw many traffic lights without lights, endless lines for gas, and trees and signs fallen. When I got to my aunt’s house, we saw a tree branch that had fallen on top of her van. When I went inside her house I and watched the news I was in shock. I thought my area was affected by the storm the most because we lost power and the flood but I noticed that there were other people that were affected a lot worse. People lost their homes and even some, their lives. A lot of areas in New Jersey especially the East Coast of the state, were damaged. The Jersey shore is basically all gone including the boardwalks, the restaurants and clubs, the rides and arcades. In New York, there were areas where it would take a while to clean up the entire flood that was running through the streets. The hurricane has caused...
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...disaster actually happens (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012). The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate or highlights some key role the nurse may played in the emergency preparedness and response to hurricane disaster in within a community during or the before the actual disaster. THE ROLE OF THE NURSE' DURING HURRICANE DISASTER Hurricanes are a large tropical storms that comes with heavy rains. Hurricanes contains winds that may be in excess of 74 miles per hour and large areas of rainfall, creating flooding. In addition, hurricanes have the potential to create large and dangerous tornadoes (http://www.severeweather.com/hurricanes). The ocean-water temperature has to be above 79-degree for hurricane to developed. Therefore, hurricanes happened in late summer and early fall. Meteorologist used the term tropical storms when the winds are under 74 miles per hour and hurricanes when it rises above 74 miles hour. A hurricanes can last up to 2-weeks causes damages and in most causes it may be deadly. Florida and Texas rank the highest states in the United States and both states have seen more damages as the result of the hurricanes disaster. As a nurse living in the state of Texas and in the city of Houston, near the gulf coast, it very important to be knowledgeable about hurricanes and its effect on the community and the state as a whole (O'Boyle & Roberton, 2006). Who in Texas will...
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...AMERICAN RED CROSS AND THE KATRINA EMERGENCY 3 The American Red Cross has people, systems, and plans in place to respond to disasters. They are considered the go-to agency in cases of emergencies and crisis when people are in need, with much success. The American Red Cross response to Hurricane Katrina surpassed any disaster response before it and nothing in the last ten years has reached its magnitude. “The Red Cross: Provided more than 3.8 million overnight stays in shelters across 31 states and Washington, D.C. – seven times higher than any other disaster up to that point. Served nearly 68 million meals and snacks, four times more than what the Red Cross had ever provided during past relief efforts. For the first time, served a million meals in a single day. Provided emergency financial assistance to 1.4 million families – nearly 20 times more than any response prior to Katrina” (The American Red Cross, 2017). These numbers show how effective their planning can be, nevertheless with the magnitude of...
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...straight days and 17 inches of rain, more than five inches above the annual average for the area. More than 1,200 people were missing, 19,000 homes were damaged or destroyed, 12,000 people evacuated. Fatalities were still unknown, but expected to be numerous. Television images showed raging torrents in streams and creeks that rivaled the last few hundred yards of the Niagara River before the Falls. Colorado was experiencing not just a 100-year event; this was a 1,000-year event, a flood that even the National Weather Service characterized as not only historic, but biblical. That turns out to be a pretty good characterization of a 100-year event. They’re big, we know them when we see them, and we remember them: Hurricane Katrina in 2005; Super Storm Sandy in 2012; the tornado that devastated Moore, Oklahoma in 2013; the entire wildfire summer of 2012. And if one of them takes your loved ones, your home, or your possessions, it doesn’t really matter if it makes the record books. 26 ACTUARIAL REVIEW NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2013 • WWW.CASACT.ORG Misleading Term percent annual probability of occurring at a given location. For The term “100-year event” (or whatever number you want to example, if Miami, Florida, is impacted by a 100-year hurri- attach to it) expresses a probability rather than a certainty. cane event in 2013, this doesn’t mean the next 100-year hur- Events this extreme are commonly measured by how likely...
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...to see this I also know that as long as society chooses to label people and hold stereotypes as truths there will always be more to accomplish with regards to discrimination and prejudice. Learning about diversity also helped me to recognize discrimination and prejudice. It is our diversity that makes the United States such a great county. We need to protect this diversity and fight against discrimination and prejudice. I speak up now because of learning about how this country was founded on diversity. I wish to change the mentality of people as much as I can so they too can understand the diversity of the United States. • Have you learned something new about your own racial, ethnic, or cultural history? While I view myself as an American, I did learn about who I am. I was especially interested in my mother’s ancestry. I had a chance to talk to my mother about this. While much of my Great Grandfather’s history is lost we do know that he was married to a Alkonkin Indian Squaw. My mother an I have decided to do more research on her Grandfather to learn more about him. The Discrimination that he endured because of loving his wife was unspeakable. People stole from him, banned him from their stores, and heckled him. This kind of discrimination has gone on for a very long time. Interracial marriages are always discriminated against in some manner. According to "Usa Today News" (2012), “Among opposite-sex married couples, one in...
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...Flood insurance can be a very important insurance to have even if a person does not think they are located in a flood zone. Multiple factors can cause a flood to happen even if a person is not considered to be in a flood plain, such as massive storms. Hurricanes can cause a large spike in the insurance claims paid in a year. The two largest spikes in the past 10 years according to FEMA were in 2005, when Hurricane Katrina hit the U.S., and in 2012 when Hurricane Sandy hit. The number of losses paid in 2005 was 213,515 and for 2012 149,808, according to FEMA. As you will see, there are multiple benefits to obtaining flood insurance, the estimated costs of coverage, and who should obtain the insurance. Flood insurance protects homeowners, renters and business owners in the event their home/business sustains damage due to an increase in water levels. Even though a home or business may not be located on the typical flood plain, floods can happen as a result of clogged or outdated drainage systems, heavy rainfall, hurricanes and overtopped levees (FloodSmart.gov, 2015). If a home or business is located in an area that is considered a high-risk for flooding, which is defined as a 1 in 4 chance the home or business will flood at least once during a 30 year loan period, the home/business owner is required to obtain flood insurance (FloodSmart.gov, 2015). In moderate to low risk areas, flood insurance is not required but is recommended (FloodSmart.gov, 2015). Even if a person has homeowners...
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