...Comparative Book Essay The industrialization of the United States is arguable the most important aspect of the entire nineteenth century. It not only changed the way Americans produced goods, it also changed how Americans ran their lives and what the focus of society became. Besides these outcomes of the industrialization period, along with an increase in technology and production, there were other important side effects. The most important side effect of the industrialization period and topic of my paper that was mentioned in all three textbooks, was it’s effect on the relationship between social classes. This topic is a very important section, imbedded throughout Howard Zinn’s A People’s History of the United States, George Brown Tindall and David Emory Shi’s America: A Narrative History, and Paul Johnson’s A History of the American People. First we must take a look at the personal views of these authors before looking at how they each analyzed the topic. Zinn has a radical, Marxist interpretation of early US history in which he believes the entire history of the United States was based off of conflict. This includes racial conflict, gender conflict, and in our case, class conflict. Tindall and Shi have, as most history books do, a liberal interpretation of early US history in which they believe the history of the United States is based on consensus and agreement of core values among Americans. They believe the US has a good future because of the agreement on these values...
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...Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States Review: The Third Generation: Reflections on Recent Chicano Historiography Author(s): David G. Gutiérrez Source: Mexican Studies / Estudios Mexicanos, Vol. 5, No. 2 (Summer, 1989), pp. 281-296 Published by: University of California Press on behalf of the University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States and the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1052091 . Accessed: 01/05/2011 16:00 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at . http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=ucal. . Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive....
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...American Academy of Political and Social Science http://ann.sagepub.com/ Capital, Consumption, Communication, and Citizenship: The Social Positioning of Taste and Civic Culture in the United States Lewis Friedland, Dhavan V. Shah, Nam-Jin Lee, Mark A. Rademacher, Lucy Atkinson and Thomas Hove The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 2007 611: 31 DOI: 10.1177/0002716206298694 The online version of this article can be found at: http://ann.sagepub.com/content/611/1/31 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: American Academy of Political and Social Science Additional services and information for The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science can be found at: Email Alerts: http://ann.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://ann.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://ann.sagepub.com/content/611/1/31.refs.html >> Version of Record - Apr 30, 2007 What is This? Downloaded from ann.sagepub.com at NATIONAL UNIV SINGAPORE on October 14, 2011 Capital, Consumption, Communication, and Citizenship: The Social Positioning of Taste and Civic Culture in the United States By LEWIS FRIEDLAND, DHAVAN V. SHAH, NAM-JIN LEE, MARK A. RADEMACHER, LUCY ATKINSON, and THOMAS HOVE In this article, the authors analyze the field of cultural consumption in the United States. Using the 2000 DDB Lifestyle...
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...economic recession from 1946 to 1947, the years following World War II saw the United States become the world super power that it is today. From 1940 to 1950 the American Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased 50% from $200,000 million to $300,000 million1 and by 1955 sixty percent of Americans identified as middle-class2. The exponential economic growth and social class shift during this period created several important changes to American culture. Many American families now possessed excess money; Money that was spent on single-family homes, entertainment, appliances, and cars, items that the general public could not afford before this period. The result of the influx of money not only changed the American family forever, but the marketing strategies used by companies as well. As Americans began to place a heavier value on entertainment, movie stars, actors, and other celebrities began to have a prominent influence on society. Post war-prosperity and the economic boom during the early cold war began the American, and eventually global culture of celebrity marketing. To understand the United States rise to a world superpower one must look at the aftermath of the widespread war of World War II. World War II was a global war that involved thirty nations and claimed the lives of over 50 million people3. However, the Second World War primarily took place in Asia and Europe allowing the United States to remain virtually unharmed throughout the war. At the conclusion of the war...
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...Intercultural Interview Introduction Through analysis and comparisons of our cultures, I hope to be able to determine what cause cultural conflicts and specifically, those Ernesto and his family encountered on arriving to the United States. I will use data from Hofstede and references from Adler’s text to take a retrospective look into our belief and value systems. By doing so, we will gain a better understand of how cultural heritage plays an important role in how we develop stereotypes and misconceptions. Interviewing Ernesto should give he and I a better understanding on how we view each others culture. Since I do not have work colleagues, I chose to interview a friend of mine whose name is Ernesto. Ernesto has a security clearance with the federal government and for that reason; he asked me not to use his last name. Understanding the sensitivities surrounding security clearances, I agreed. Comparing Family Backgrounds Ernesto was born in Panama in 1966. He is married with two kids and currently resides in Maryland. In 1976, at the age of ten, Ernesto and his family immigrated to the United States. He initially it found difficult adjusting to American life, primarily because of the language barrier. He was educated in Panama up until the six-grade, and ultimately finished his primary education in the United States. Not long after that he entered the military, where he ultimately retired and now works for the federal government. I am also married with six kids...
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...the analysis of class ⁃ class: people who stand in a common relationship to the means of production. ⁃ means of production: production of material goods is carried in a society on multiple levels. ⁃ The main classes are those who own the means of production, or capitalist- and those who perform labor for a living, the working class. ⁃ Capitalist: those who own companies, land, or stocks and use these to generate economy. ⁃ Marx believed the relationships between the classes are extremely important for societies. III. WEBER: CLASS AND STATUS • The two main differences between Weber’s theory and Marx’s is that Weber believed: class derives from not from control or lack of control of the means of production, but economics differences that doesn’t deal with property. It’s based on qualifications or professional occupations:. • Marketable workers have, degrees, diplomas, and certificates. Blue Collar workers perform the labor jobs and are less qualified than the marketable workers. Davis and Moore: The Function Of Stratification • The Davis and Moore theory suggest that a person’s social position is based on talents and efforts. HOW IS SOCIAL CLASS DEFINED IN THE UNITED STATES? • Davis and Moore’s theory suggest that a person’s social position is based solely on his talents and efforts. • Certain Positions or roles in society, are functionally more important (ex. lawyers, brain surgeons). HOW IS SOCIAL CLASS DEFINED...
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...Part 1: Introduction to Sociology – Social Stratification | Slide # | Slide Title | Slide Narration | Slide 1 | Introduction | Welcome to Introduction to Sociology. In this lesson we will introduce and discuss Social Stratification.Next slide. | Slide 2 | Topics | The following topics will be covered in this lesson:What Is Social Stratification?;Caste and Class Systems;The Functions of Social Stratification;Stratification and Conflict; andSocial Stratification: Facts and Values.Next slide. | Slide 3 | What Is Social Stratification? | Social stratification is a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy. The study of social stratification across cultures shows that it has four basic principles.First, Social stratification is a trait of society. While personal ability and achievement play an important role in a person’s position in the stratification hierarchy, it is also a function of the social organization one operates under. As an example, children who are born into a wealthy family are more likely to enjoy good health, do well in school, succeed in a career, and live a long life.Second, Social Stratification persists over generations. We can see that stratification influences society by observing how parents pass along their social position to their children. Social mobility, a change in one’s position in the social hierarchy, is a product of a high-income society, but it is constrained by the social stratification processes. In America...
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... | | It enforces social solidarity and expands the importance of the social imperative. | 1 out of 1 Correct!! 2 of 20 The event that most inspired Auguste Comte to pose the question, "What holds society together?" and begin developing sociology as a science was the ________. | industrialization of society | | discovery of the new world by Christopher Columbus | | development of the psychoanalytic approach | | French Revolution | 1 out of 1 Correct!! Question 3 of 20 Based on the theories formulated by Karl Marx, what was the ultimate goal of the proletariat? | The proletariat sought to establish a democratic society and independence. | | The proletariat wanted to develop a society with a strong middle class. | | The proletariat sought to develop a classless society free of exploitation. | | The proletariat wanted to establish capitalism and a higher standard of living for all. | 1 out of 1 Correct!! 4 of 20 What sociological phrase is used to describe "opening a window onto unfamiliar worlds and offering a fresh look at familiar worlds?" | The sociological perspective | | The social imperative | | Social integration | | Social location | 1 out of 1 Correct!! 5 of 20 Frank is examining the broad stream of events that have occurred over the past 50 years, along with the specific experiences of his own life. By doing so, what sociological process has Frank undertaken? | Social...
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...Race and ethnicity, gender and age, and social class in the United States shape the experience surprisingly. This reality has been generally archived in consider and, to some degree, is commonly understood. New studies interpret race and ethnicity, gender and age, and social class in the United States are interlocking classifications of experience that influence all parts of life; along these lines, they all the while structure the encounters surprisingly in the public eye. At any minute, race, ethnicity, class, age or sex may feel more notable or important in every individual life, yet they are covering and aggregate on their impact on individuals' encounters. Race, Ethnicity, Gender, Age and Class observation invites us to distinguish between...
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...Global Business Cultural Analysis: United Arab Emirates XXXXXXXXXXXX Liberty University Abstract In order to be successful in international business, one must have a certain degree of understanding about the country in which one wishes to conduct business. The United Arab Emirates is a federation of seven emirates in the Gulf region that has a culture vastly different than that in the United States, yet a business atmosphere that is very open to foreign investors. This paper evaluates the elements and dimensions of culture that affect the business relationship between the United States and United Arab Emirates, the differences between the two nations, and the implications for doing business in the United Arab Emirates for businesses from the United States. Global Business Cultural Analysis: United Arab Emirates Conducting business internationally requires a certain understanding of cultures that may differ greatly from one’s own. Though the world is growing ever more interconnected through globalization, cultural differences still persist and must be recognized if one is to be successful in international business. From the perspective of a businessperson in the United States, the United Arab Emirates presents a unique opportunity to conduct business with a nation with great cultural differences, yet an increasingly open mind in relation to Western culture. While the United Arab Emirates appears at first glance to be highly westernized in its culture, one would...
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...Social Stratification | [Your Name]Sociology | “Social stratification is a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy, so that some people have more money, power, and prestige that others.” (Macionis, 2012, p. 242) Like all societies, the United States is stratified, and this stratification is often based on a person’s socioeconomic status. The number of years a person spends in school, plus the prestige of his or her occupation, plus the amount of money he or she makes, determine one’s social class. While this method of dividing up the population into classes might be useful, it has several shortcomings. One determinant of socioeconomic status is education. People with a high school degree are classified in one group. People with college degrees are put into another. Using educational attainment levels to indicate SES is problematic for two reasons. School systems in this country are not uniform in quality and not everyone has equal access to primary, secondary, and higher education. The reliance on educational level as an indicator of social class becomes more problematic when one considers the huge variety of colleges in the United States. There are vocational schools, junior colleges, four-year colleges, and universities. Some colleges prepare individuals for specific careers, whereas others emphasize the development of intellectual and life skills. Occupational prestige is very subjective and varies from country to country. “In the United...
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...Ellis Island was the first immigration quarantaine station to operate in the United States. Being located on the atlantic ocean coast of the United States, Ellis Island was a common and frequent destination for Europeans. In Ellis Island the immigrant demographic ranged from western,eastern, southern, and northern European. Typically, the immigrant who was white, able bodied, and had at least a middle socio-economic class was favored to become American citizen candidates. In Galusca’s scholarly research paper, she explains this by, “Health, economic status, and race were central to anti-immigration discourses that labeled immigration as either “poor” or “good,” with the evident implication that immigrants of poor health, poor economic status,...
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...Visual Analysis of POLITICO Achieving the “American Dream” has been a commonly shared goal among the people of the United States. Mike Wuerker’s POLITICO, depicts the division of social classes living the so-called “American Dream” today. The illustration is divided into three classes: top 1%, middle class, and underclass each showing the average kitchen table for their class. Wuerker uses a strategic layout, colors, details, and captions to demonstrate his point. This visual is effective because it criticizes the inequality of the riches in America. From the first glance of Wuerker’s layout of the image stands out. The three social classes of America are divided and stacked strategically to portray the artist’s message. The top 1% takes up half of the frame while the middle class and underclass share the other half. With this placement Wuerker displays how the top 1% controls well beyond their means. The three tables are also pictured in a static manor; each table is enclosed and separated from the others. The separation demonstrates the difficultly in moving from one class to the other. Wuerker ultimately shows that there is no social mobility in the United States; one is ultimately destined to remain where they are. The color contrast between each table also helps distinguish the social rankings among the classes. The top 1% has a vibrant gold through out the entire frame. Gold Hernandez 2 represents riches and power, best exemplified by the higher class. The...
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...and organizations flood social networks with images of warmth, consideration, kindness and altruism yet in reality their behavior and priorities are seemingly different. It is well-known that Facebook and Instagram were primarily designed for sharing images, not text. These social networking platforms and others like them flood accounts with powerful images, often carefully orchestrated to create a very specific effect. In the case of airlines, the differences could not be starker between perception and reality. The intent of this analysis is to evaluate how pervasive the power of images are in our culture, and how airlines use these images to portray a reality they intend to project yet don’t support with systems and policies internally. Analysis of the Power of Images – Racial Equality in the Skies On a recent United Airlines flight, the myriad of images showing overt racial equality in passenger selection in safety videos, stewardess and steward selection, and racial equality in passenger service was blatant. It has become obvious that all airlines are trying to be so inclusive that the images are nearly becoming stereotypical in their own right. The image from the United Airlines site today shows an African-American male as steward, while another African-American man sits in business class. This image suggests an airline that sees itself as progressive and attempts to promote this image through a kaleidoscope of imagery across all social media platforms as well...
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...Contents 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 4 1.11 Indian weddings 4 1.12 Indian greetings 4 1.13 Indian Food 4 Introduction to American culture 5 1.14 American music 5 1.15 American religion 5 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY 6 1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 7 2.0 LEVELS OF CULTURE 7 2.01 GLOBAL CULTURE 7 2.02 REGIONAL CULTURE 7 2.03 NATIONAL CULTURE 7 2.04 ETHNIC CULTURE 7 2.05 SOCIAL CLASS CULTURE 8 2.06 ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE 8 2.07 FAMILY CULTURE 8 2.08 GENDER CULTURE 8 2.09 AGE CULTURE 8 2.1 DETERMINANTS OF CULTURE 8 2.11 GEERT HOFSTEDE’S MODEL 9 2.12 INDIVIDUALISIM V COLLECTIVISM 9 2.13 POWER DISTANCE 9 2.14 LARGE POWER DISTANCE 9 2.15 SMALL POWER DISTANCE 9 2.16 MASCULINITY V FEMINITY 9 2.17 UNCERTAINITY AVOIDANCE 10 3.0 CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE 10 3.01 Culture is dynamic 10 3.02 Culture is pervasive 10 3.03 Culture is learnt 10 3.04 Culture is integrated 10 3.05 Culture is ethnocentric 10 3.06 Culture provides social cohesion 11 4.0 VIEWS ON CULTURAL TRENDS 11 4.01 The Convergent View 11 4.02 The Divergent View 11 5.0 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION 12 5.01 ANALYSIS 12 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.01 WHAT IS CULTURE? Culture rules virtually every aspect of your life and like most people; you are completely unaware of this. Culture is vital because it enables its members to function with one another without the need to negotiate meaning at every moment. Culture is learned and forgotten, so despite its importance we are generally unconscious...
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