...themselves in some foreign markets. For example, Tesco has failed in Japan but has proved to be a success in South Korea. Over this past century, there has been an evident emergence of multinational retail corporations. The general philosophy of these companies has been economically driven, that is, to prosper in terms of sales revenue and to expand globally while acquiring maximum market shares. The most dominant firm in this aspect is U.S. based Wal-Mart that leads with sales revenue exceeding $466.1 billion in 2012, followed by French based Carrefour with income of $112.6 billion (Forbes, 2013). They are trailed by U.K based Tesco at $96.8 billion and by Germany’s Metro in fourth place with sales of $90.5 billion (Forbes, 2013). The common strategy of these stated firms has been to target their marketing efforts towards rapidly emerging countries by investing in the establishment of foreign branches. An emerging market can be defined as an economy which is in the process of a shift into an open and global economy. There are numerous factors contributing to firms opting for ventures in these countries. According to Forbes (2013), emerging markets may contribute to nearly three quarters of the world economical growth for the coming years. Moreover, the Asian population, which represents almost half of the world’s population, is surrounded by emerging markets with countries...
Words: 3036 - Pages: 13
...on Consumer Behavior in Luxury Consumption South Korea vs Netherlands By: Cindy Yoel Tanesia, Joline Boersma I. South Korea South Korea is a country located in the southern part of Korean peninsula. The population is 48,955,203 people (July 2013 est.) which make South Korea to be the 25th largest country in terms of population despite the relatively small area of the land. This paper will compare two cities in South Korea, Seoul and Busan, in terms of different in culture and how it affects the consumer behavior of the people living in the related cities. But, first of all, let’s see the general culture of people in South Korea: 1. Homogeneous There is a term of ‘hanminjok’ (한민족) in South Korea which literally means South Korean race. This term is used to describe that South Korean actually prefer to not mix their race with other races through international marriage because they afraid that they eventually will not have the pure Korean race anymore. However, the diplomatic relationship between USA and South Korea where USA helps South Korea for the military made USA military base established in some parts of South Korea actually opened the opportunity for more people from USA to come and stay in South Korea and eventually have their own family in South Korea which contributes to the increase in the international marriage in South Korea, especially in Seoul. 2. Importance of education Education plays important part for South Korean in almost every aspect. Approximately...
Words: 1817 - Pages: 8
...Country Paper By Irwin Anderson BMGT 392 Professor Joseph Wade September 12, 2011 This country analysis is for the beginning of a new business venture in South Korea. The business is an English private school/ tutoring center that focuses mainly on learning the language of English. The nature of this business is to bring new alternatives to learning English in South Korea. The organizational structure of this business will be mostly staffed with qualified English teachers. The overall mission statement of this business is to bring the best possible level of English language education to South Korea. This analysis will bring about the relevance of different country variables to this new business opportunity. The country variables consist of cultural environment, political and legal environment, economic environment, ethical environment, trade, investment, and foreign policy profile. Cultural Environment The cultural environment is one of the first things to consider when opening up a business in another country. Daniels mentions, “Most cultural variables are universal. Every society, for example, has its own daily routines and rules, codes or social relations, language, and the show of emotions—even concepts of luck” (Daniel, 2011). Therefore, some sort of study of the culture should be done. The Journal of Management & Marketing Research states, “Since the entry mode is crucial for the success of a new business in the overseas...
Words: 2328 - Pages: 10
...Cultural Analysis of South Korea John Smith University of Rochester BUS 800 – INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Dr. Peterson March 6, 2015 Abstract Today, the United States conducts a substantial amount of business with South Korea. It is important that American managers, entrepreneurs, and businessmen understand the South Korean social, cultural, and religious dimensions of the nation. The South Korean culture and customs are uniquely different from those of the United States. The culture and customs of the United States are based on European traditions and religious Christian beliefs. The culture and customs of South Korea are based on Confucianism’s way of life, Buddhism’s individual salvation, and since the 1950’s Christianity’s redemption of the soul. American businesses that incorporate South Korean culture into American business practices will develop long lasting business relationships with their South Korean counterparts. American businessmen working in multinational corporations have adjusted well the collectivist culture of South Korea. Multinational enterprises considering cross border business in South Korea can feel safe investing in South Korea. Keywords: South Korea, United States, cultural dimensions, multinational business, Hofstede. Introduction South Korea is one of the United States most important strategic and economic partners in Asia. Members of Congress tend to be interested in South Korea for political purposes. South Korea has development...
Words: 7498 - Pages: 30
...FTA: South Korea & The EU | | | Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 International Trade between South Korea & the European Union 6 A Macroeconomic Analysis of South Korea 6 The Free Trade Agreement between South Korea & the EU 6 International Trade between SK & EU 9 Other FTA Examples of South-Korea 10 World Trade Organization (WTO): Position regarding Bilateral Agreements 11 Conclusion & Recommendations 14 References / Endnotes 15 Appendices 17 Executive Summary This report analyzes trade relations between South Korea, one of the four Asian dragons, with the European Union, which has the largest nominal GDP and GDP PPP in the world. South Korea's industrialization, urbanization and GDP are rapidly growing mainly because of its comparative advantage in manufacturing and exporting of technological goods, its political centralization also supports a clear coordination and effectiveness of laws reforms. However, its aging population, low fertility rates, recent decline in FDIs and unresolved political disputes with Democratic People's Republic of Korea should be amended in order to increase consumer confidence and improve its international potential. South Korea's main partners are the United States of America and the European Union. The EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (2011) offers, among other things, preferential import duties and liberalization in trade of services via provisions for intellectual...
Words: 4530 - Pages: 19
...BRADLEY, F., 2005. International Marketing Strategy. 5th ed. London: Prentice Hall CZINKOTA, M.R. AND RONKAINEN, I.A., 1994. International Marketing Strategy Environmental Assessment and Entry Strategies. 2nd ed. Fort Worth: Dryden Press International Telecommunications Union. 2003. Broadband Korea: Internet Case Study. South Korea Available at: http://www.itu.int/ITUD/ict/cs/korea/material/CS_KOR.pdf Viewed on 12/10/06 National Internet Development Agency of Korea. 2006. Korea Internet Whitepaper. Seoul, South Korea, Available at: http://eng.mic.go.kr/eng/user.tdf?a=user.board.BoardApp&c=2001&board_id=E_04_03&mc=E_04_03_01&ctx=annual_report Viewed on 9/10/06 National Computerization Authority. 2001. 2001 Korea Internet White Paper. Available at: www.nca.or.kr/white/data/2002engwhite/review.pdf Viewed on 12/10/06 DTI / Brunel University. 2002. INVESTIGATING BROADBAND DEPLOYMENT IN SOUTH KOREA: Broadband Mission to South Korea. Available at: www.broadbanduk.org/reports/SKorea_report.pdf Viewed on 08/10/06 Yun, K., Lee, H., Lim, S., 2002. The Growth of Broadband Internet Connections in South Korea: Contributing Factors. Available at: www.iisdb.stanford.edu/pubs/20032/Yun.pdf Viewed on 09/10/06 Communicaid Global Communication. 2006. Doing Business in South Korea. Available at: http://www.communicaid.com/south-korea-business-culture.asp Viewed on 08/10/06 World Broadband Yearbook 2006. 2006. Country Overview: South Korea. Available at: www.telegeography...
Words: 4033 - Pages: 17
...UNIVERSITY of SINGAPORE Md Mizanur Rahman is a Postdoctoral Fellow at Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore. He is a sociologist with particular interests in migration and development, migration and human (in)security, minority migration and migration policy in East and Southeast Asia. He obtained his Ph.D. in Sociology from National University of Singapore, Singapore, and M.A. in Sociology from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. Brenda S.A. Yeoh is Professor, Department of Geography, and the Head of Southeast Asian Studies Programme, National University of Singapore. She leads the research cluster on Asian Migrations at the Asia Research Institute and is Principal Investigator of the Asian MetaCentre for Population and Sustainable Development Analysis (funded by the Wellcome Trust, UK) at the Asia Research Institute. She is a social geographer whose main interest in population-related studies lies in migration, family and gender issues. She has in recent years completed, in collaboration with other colleagues, research projects on modes of childcare in Singapore, migrant women as paid domestic labour in the Southeast Asian context and Singaporean skilled migration to China. Brenda Yeoh has published several books including Gender and Migration (Edward Elgar, 2000 with Katie Willis), Gender Politics in the Asia-Pacific Region (Routledge, 2002, with Peggy Teo and Shirlena Huang), State/Nation/Transnation: Perspectives on Transnationalism in the...
Words: 15746 - Pages: 63
...Lund University Centre for East and South-East Asian Studies Master’s Program in Asian Studies Master’ East and South-East Asia Track Spring semester, 2011 The Development of the Uppsala Model A Study of Samsung Electronics Author: Li Zhou Supervisor: Magnus Andersson Abstract: Based on an explorative case study approach, this thesis investigated whether the Uppsala model functioned in Samsung Electronics Corp. (SEC) case. The purpose of this study was to upgrade the Uppsala model by using a representative case of SEC. This thesis found that there are two dimensions derived from the Uppsala model. The first dimension is the sequential nature of the internationalization process in terms of psychic distance (from the market with close psychic distance to the market with remote psychic distance). The second dimension is a “market commitment” dimension, which means the form of market operation established from low-level commitment to high-level commitment. Two hypotheses derived from the two dimensions of the Uppsala model will be applied in SEC case. The first hypothesis is that the shorter the psychic distance between SEC’s home environment and target markets, the earlier will SEC establish foreign activities in those markets and vice versa. This hypothesis will be tested on a the macro-level with regards to the geographical distribution of Korean1 outward FDI and will be tested again during the internationalization process of SEC in two target markets-China and the US, to...
Words: 11371 - Pages: 46
...Table of contents: 1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………….3 2. Critical review a well managed organization with culture of learning and innovation in international markets…………………………………………………………………….3 2.1 Literature review of a well managed organization with culture of learning and innovation in international markets………………………………..……………………………3 2.2 Examining Wal-Mart’s characteristics to the extent of learning culture and innovation …………………………………………………………………………………………………….4 3. Critical review internationalization theories and the case of Wal-Mart from 1994 onwards……………………………………………………………………………………………………….7 3.1 Theories of internationalization…………………..……………………….……………………...7 3.2 Wal-Mart’s internationalization strategies from 1994 onwards……………..……9 4. Wal-Mart entry Brazilian and Japanese market……………………………………………….10 4.1 Considerable issues of the company………………………………………………………… 11 4.2 Opportunity in those markets……………………………………………………………………13 5. Wal-Mart’s entry modes in international markets - Examining with Brazilian and Japanese markets…………………………………….…………………………………………… ….13 5.1 Mode of entry to Brazil ………………….…..……………………………………………………..13 5.2 Mode of entry to Japan……………………………………………………………………………….14 6. Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………………………15 7. References………………………………………………………………………………………………………….15 8. Appendices…………………………………………………………………………………………………………16 ...
Words: 5462 - Pages: 22
...Case Study: Wal-Mart's Foreign Expansion Brief Summary of the Case: The case explores the expansion of the world’s largest retailer, Wal-Mart, internationally. Wal-Mart began its international expansion in the early 1990s in an effort to continue its growth. The company began with a joint venture in Mexio. Initially, the company tried to implement strategies similar to those that had proved so successful in the United States, however Wal-Mart quickly realized that to succeed, it would have to adapt to local demands. The company hired local managers who understood the Mexican culture and buying preferences, and changed its strategies accordingly. Wal-Mart continued its international expansion by establishing operations in Europe and South Korea, but in these markets, the company had less success. Not only did Wal-Mart compete head-to-head with established retailers, but its product offerings did not match the needs of consumers. Wal-Mart has had much greater success in China where it has found some similarities between the shopping habits of the Chinese and Americans. 1. Do you think Wal-Mart could translate its merchandising strategy wholesale to another country and succeed? If not, why not? No, I don’t think Wal-Mart could translate its merchandising strategy wholesale to another country and succeed because their merchandising strategy is based on the methods and culture of retailing of the United States. Also, as we learned in the text many countries and have different...
Words: 872 - Pages: 4
...012-IBE-CaseStudies.docx Academic Year 2011-2012 International Business Environment Jean-Guillaume DITTER, PhD Groupe ESC Dijon Bourgogne – Burgundy School of Business SUPPORT DOCUMENT I - CASE STUDIES The texts making-up this document review and emphasize significant issues covered during the sessions. The questions asked at the beginning of each set of texts are meant to help students identify the issues that they should pay attention to. Students will work in teams on one single case study (see class outline for number of students per team). Each team will produce a presentation slideshow of its case study (7-10 slides per presentation, depending on the size of the case). Slideshows will be presented orally during sessions, according to the class outline (1520mn per presentation). Each team member will actively participate in his/her team presentation. Page 1 of 35 012-IBE-CaseStudies.docx CONTENTS Case Study 1. Text 1. Text 2. Text 3. Case Study 2. Text 4. Case Study 3. Text 5. Text 6. Text 7. Case Study 4. Text 8. Text 9. Text 10. Text 11. Text 12. Text 13. Case Study 5. Text 14. Text 15. Text 16. Text 17. Text 18. Text 19. Case Study 6. Text 20. Text 21. Case Study 7. Text 22. Text 23. Text 24. Text 25. Chinese Mercantilism .................................................................................................... 3 Chinese New Year ............................................................................................................
Words: 18376 - Pages: 74
...in Spanish Communication Journals ´ david ferna ndez-quijada This article explores how journals published in a language other than English achieve a degree of internationality and can increase our knowledge of scientific publication patterns. This author offers a case study focused on Spanish communication journals from a sample of 1182 articles published from 2007 to 2009. The article examines three variables in this sample: the number of non-Spanish scholars, the use of languages other than Spanish, and how often non-Spanish journals are referred to. The results show that (a) these journals find it difficult to attract foreign scholars, (b) open-language policies have had a limited effect, and (c) internationality is constrained to the Spanish geolinguistic region. Keywords: internationality, local journals, Spanish scholarly journals, journal evaluation, communication sciences introduction The impact of published research is measured by means of well-established tools; one such tool is the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). However, in the field of communication studies — and in fact in all the social sciences — the SSCI does not take account of all the research published; this is particularly visible in cases where research is published in languages other than English. For example, in 2009, only 81 out of the 1585 articles (5.11 per cent) indexed in the Communication category of the SSCI were not written in English. In the context of these facts, analysing the research...
Words: 5814 - Pages: 24
...Company Case Study Introduction In the recent years, people pay more attention to healthy food. The brand I chose which name is Cocoa Bio can easily solve this problem. Cocoa Bio's idea is to create natural products of nourishment, which help people improving health using one of the best products that the nature has offered, the cocoa and consequently the chocolate. Cocoa Bio (2010). Cocoa Bio was established in the United Kingdom. In March of 1997, Cocoa Bio started working to offer us this kind of products to a marketing expansion. In this essay, I will focus on expanding this brand to South Korean in which has not been covered yet. I will use PESTEL analysis macro environment, then discuss market entry modes and market mix strategy, and last, I will propose which one to choose, standardization or adaptation. PESTEL analysis Political factors South Korea is government-led market economy. The economic aspect of the direction and development depends on government’s unilateral command, because of its highly centralized system of government. The most cannot be ignored problem is substantial degree of selective state intervention in the private sector. It is an obstacle for Cocoa Bio market entry and penetration. Besides, South Korean market has relatively limited volume, and it mainly relies on foreign trade to accelerate economy, therefore the government is quite sensitive to imported goods. Furthermore, Protection of homegrown company is quite common in South Korea...
Words: 3307 - Pages: 14
...MUJI Case Study in China, Korea, and Japan Professor: Chun Zhang Date: 03/15/2014 Team Member: Anqi Liu Jiayuan An Jing Zhou Rui Zhao Dongyang Zhang Table of Contents: Introduction……………………………………………………………………………3 Company and Product…………………………………………...……….……………3 Evaluating Market Attractiveness…………………………………………………..4 Country Identification…………………………………………………………………5 Political Risk………………………………………………………...………………..5 Environmental Factor………………………………….……………..………………6 Preliminary Screening…….………………….…………………….……………….6 Country Rankings……………………………….……………………………………7 Cost of Transportation………………………….…………………….………………8 In-Depth Screening Criteria………………….………….….………………………8 Market Size and Growth………………………..……………..………………………9 Competitive Intensity…………………………..………………...……………………9 Segmentation……………………………………………….….……………………10 Appendix………………………………….…………………………………………12 Work Cited……………………………………..………………….………………...14 Introduction MUJI is distinguished by its design minimalism, emphasis on recycling, avoidance of waste in production and packaging, and no-logo or "no-brand" policy. The name MUJI is derived from the first part of Mujirushi Ryōhin, translated as No Brand Quality Goods. If people say it is a brand, it is better to say MUJI is a philosophy of life. MUJI does not emphasize the so-called fashion sense or personality nor endorses popular brands should raise his status. On the contrary, MUJI is coming from the consumer point of view to develop products that "plain handy". ...
Words: 2641 - Pages: 11
... Delnaz Kasturwala By INTRODUCTION: South Korea has a market economy which ranks 15th in the world by nominal GDP and 12th by purchasing power parity (PPP), identifying it as one of the G-20 major economies. It is ahigh-income developed country, with a developed market, and is a member of OECD. South Korea is one of the Asian Tigers, and is the only developed country so far to have been included in the group of Next Eleven countries. South Korea had one of the world's fastest growing economies from the early 1960s to the late 1990s, and South Korea is still one of the fastest growing developed countries in the 2000s, along with Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan, the other three members of Asian Tigers. South Koreans refer to this growth as the Miracle on the Han River. Having almost no natural resources and always suffering from overpopulation in its small territory, which deterred continued population growth and the formation of a large internal consumer market, South Korea adapted an export-oriented economic strategy to fuel its economy, and in 2010, South Korea was the seventh largest exporter and tenth largest importer in the world. Despite the South Korean economy's high growth potential and apparent structural stability, South Korea suffers perpetual damage to its credit rating in the stock market due to the belligerence of North Korea in times of deep military crises, which has an adverse effect on the financial markets of the South Korean economy.However, renowned financial...
Words: 5407 - Pages: 22