...TABLE OF CONTENT Chapter I 1.1. Introduction Chapter II 2.1. Liquidity Ratio 2.1.1 Current Ratio 2.1.2 Quick or Acid Test Ratio 1. 2. 3.1. 3.2. Asset Management Ratio 2. 3.1. 3.2. 2.2.1 Inventory Turnover Ratio 2.2.2 Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio 2.2.3 Days Sales Outstanding 2.2.4 Total Asset Turnover Ratio 3.3. Debt Management Ratio 2.3.1 Debt Ratio 2.3.2 Times-Interest-Earned-Ratio 3.4. Profitability Ratio 2.4.1 Operating Margin 2.4.2 Profit Margin 2.4.3 Return on Total Asset 2.4.4 Basic Earning Power Ratio 2.4.5 Return on Common Equity Chapter III 3.1. Calculation 3.1.1 Liquidity Ratio 3.1.2 Asset Management Ratio 3.1.3 Debt Management Ratio 3.1.4 Profitability Ratio 1. 2. 3. 3. 4.5. 4.6. Trend Analysis Appendix CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Pharmaniaga Berhad, the largest integrated local healthcare company has established the reputation of a corporation that delivers value to its clients and stakeholders through impeccable quality products and services. The Group is driven by its goal to enrich the lives of the communities it serves while being guided by its business philosophy of doing business with a conscience. Hence, this cover concept coupled with the theme...
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...LIQUIDITY MANAGEMENT 2.0 OBJECTIVES: In this unit, an attempt has been made to understand the following aspects of liquidity management: ● Definition of Liquidity ● Dimensions and Role of Liquidity Risk Management ● Measuring and Managing Liquidity ● Measurement of Liquidity through Ratio Analysis 2.1 INTRODUCTION: The objectives of ALM are two fold: ensuring profitability and ensuring liquidity. Liquidity which is represented by the quality and marketability of assets and liability exposes the organization to liquidity risk. Unlike other risks like interest rate risk, market risk, operational risk etc. that can threaten the very solvency of the bank, liquidity risk is a normal aspect of every day management of a financial institution. In extreme cases, liquidity problems translate into solvency risk problems. As such, bankers should be more aware of the need for bank liquidity. 2.2 DEFINITION: Banks need liquidity to meet deposit withdrawals and to fund loan demands. The variability of loan demand and variability of deposit determine a bank’s liquidity needs. Liquidity represents the bank’s ability to accommodate decreases in liability and to fund increases in assets. A bank is said to have sufficient liquidity when it can obtain sufficient funds either by increasing liabilities or by converting assets, promptly at a reasonable cost. 2.3 DIMENSIONS & ROLE OF LIQUID & RISK MANAGEMENT: Bank’s liquidity management is the process of generating...
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...Institutional Asset and Liability Management Group Assignment Words counting: Executive Summary The purpose of this report is to critically evaluate that Bank of Queensland’s liquidity and credit risk management during 2000 and 2010. The report first deals with liquidity risk. It starts with analysing liquidity risk by using various ratios such as quick ratio, financing gap etc. It then followed by evaluate the management of liquidity risk within 11years respectively. After comparing the actual ratio and real management, recommendations are provided. Similar analysis to credit risk, it is first analysed through expert system, loan credit rating and derivative financial instruments to evaluate BOE’s credit risk management. Finally, recommendations for improving risk management are provided. Most information we obtained from the company annual reports, bank homepages, textbook and relevant database such as Finanalysis and Bankscope. Thus, the information we provided is reliable. Table of Content 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………… 5 1.1 Background of Bank of Queensland …………………………………………………5 1.2 Structure……………………………………………………………………………… 5 2. Liquidity Risk………………………………………………………………………… 6 2.1 Causes of liquidity Risk………………………………………………………………6 2.2 Measurement of liquidity risk………………………………………………………8 2.2.1 Quick ratio………………………………………………………………………… 8 ...
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...Chapter 1 Introduction Banks are financial institution which directly of indirectly influences every modern man’s life. In its simplest form, a bank is an institution where its clients keep their surplus deposits, and these deposits are invested in trade, commerce and industries on term basis, i.e. short, medium and long term. A bank connects customers with capital deficit to customers with capital surplus. A bank’s deposits are its liabilities, and its loans and investments are its assets. It generates revenues in a variety of different ways including interest, transaction fees and fees for financial advices. The main method is via charging interest on the funds it lends out to customers. The bank profits from the differential between the level of interest it pays for deposits and other sources of funds, and the level of interest it charges on its lending activities. Fluctuation in market interest rate may adversely affect the profitability of a bank. This fluctuation exposes the bank to interest rate risk. Also, a bank must pay its depositors’ money on demand. If it does not maintain sufficient liquidity it may face liquidity crisis. Again, the price a bank can demand on its loans is often dependent on its cost of fund. Moreover, every scheduled bank in Bangladesh has to maintain 5% of its average total demand and time liabilities in cash with Bangladesh Bank. Also, every scheduled bank has to maintain 18% (including CRR) of its average total demand and time liabilities...
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...TOOL 4 W An Introduction to Liquidity and Asset-liability Management Monnie M. Biety hen a formerly credit-only microfinance institution (MFI) starts raising voluntary savings and using those deposits to finance the loan portfolio, the liquidity and asset-liability management of the institution becomes more complex. The institution not only has to deal with the fluctuating demand and varying interest rates and terms on loans, but also with erratic deposit demands and withdrawals and changing interest rates and terms on savings. Liquidity and assetliability management in savings institutions requires a coordinated, planned approach. Liquidity Management Liquidity refers to the ability of an institution to meet demands for funds. Liquidity management means ensuring that the institution maintains sufficient cash and liquid assets (1) to satisfy client demand for loans and savings withdrawals, and (2) to pay the institution’s expenses. Liquidity management involves a daily analysis and detailed estimation of the size and timing of cash inflows and outflows over the coming days and weeks to minimize the risk that savers will be unable to access their deposits in the moments they demand them. In order to manage liquidity, an institution must have a management information system in place—manual or computerized—that is sufficient to generate the information needed to make realistic growth and liquidity projections. The information needed includes: ■ The actual deposit...
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...Course Name: Commercial Bank Management Course Code: FIN 425 Submission page - Submitted To – Fahim Muntaha Course instructor, school of business ASA University Bangladesh (ASAUB) - Submitted By – KAMRUL HASAN CHOWDHURY ID No: 081-12-0414 S.M.IBRAHIM ID No: 081-12-0396 ISHRAT NAHAR ESHA ID No: 081-12-0408 MD.MAHAMUD SULTAN ID No: 081-12-418 ROKSANAQ HUQ TABARI ID No: 081-12-424 Section: FIN-3C 3rd Batch, (Summer Semester, 2011) Date of Submission: 14th August, 2011 - Letter of Transmittal- Date: 14th August, 20011 To Fahim Muntaha Course instructor School of Business ASA University Bangladesh (ASAUB) Dear Sir, Here is a report that we have prepared for our, FIN-425: Commercial Bank Management. The topic of the report is the “Reserve and Liquidity Management of Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd.”. It was an interesting & outstanding research for us & we learned a lot about the reserve and liquidity policy provided by IBBL. We would like to thank you for allowing us to work on this topic and for your constant guidance and support. We want to declare that, we took help from Internet website of the particular bank & advices from Cash Manager of IBBL. There might be fault in this report, please kindly consider us if there is any kind of mistake. I therefore, hope that you would kindly grant our report. Thanking you, Name | Signature | Kamrul hasan joy | | S .m. Ibrahim | | Mahamud sultan | | Eshrat nahar Esha | | ...
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...Financial Analysis of Apple Inc: Financial Analysis of Apple Inc Subject: Financial Management Group Members : Ms. Ouch Kanika Ms. Hour Kimhun Mr. Pen Vanndarong Lectured by: Mr. Sok Ousa Academic Year: 2011-2012 1 Table of Contents: Table of Contents Introduction Horizontal Analysis Vertical Analysis Ratio Analysis – Profitability Ratio Analysis – Efficiency Ratio Analysis – Liquidity Ratio Analysis – Leverage Conclusion & Recommendation Limitations of the Analysis 2 Introduction: Introduction Corporate Facts: Name: Apple Inc. Founded: April 1976 Founders: Steve Jobs Steve Wozniak Ronald Wayne Head Office: Cupertino, California Industry: Computer hardware Computer software Consumer electronics Digital distribution Products: iPhone , iPad , iPod, iMac, Mac Books and other related hardware and software Marketing: Direct: retail and online stores Indirect: resellers & cellular network carriers 3 Introduction: Introduction Reportedly, Apple is one of the most successful technology companies in the world. Apple business strategy focuses on research & development in order to compete in technology world. Based on Forbes (April 2012), Apple’s market capitalization worth $546 billion, which is: Almost twice of Microsoft ($273.5 billion) More than twice of IBM ($238.7 billion) More than twice of General Electric ($213.7 billion) More than twice of Wal-Mart ($208.4 billion) More than twice of Google ($203.2 billion) More than thrice of Coca Cola ($158.8 billion)...
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...come nation, some of the heading pharmaceutical companies. Supplying more than 10% of county’s total medicine need today “Beximco pharma” manufactures and markets its own branded gene ricers for almost all deceases from AIDS to cancer. They market their bonds though their own professional sales and marketing terms in African, South Asian, and other markets. They also supply their products to owned hospitals and institution in many countries. |Table of Contents | |Chapter: 1 | |1.1 Introduction 6 | |1.2 Background of the Repot 6 | |1.3 Objectives 8 | |Chapter: 2 | |2-1 Different types of Ratios and their objective:...
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...------------------------------------------------- 1.0 INTRODUCTORY PART 1.1 Introduction: Every Financial Institute irrespective of its size is generally exposed to market liquidity and interest rate risks in connection with the process of Asset Liability Management. Failure to identify the risks associated with business and failure to take timely measures in giving a sense of direction threatens the very existence of the institution. It is, therefore, important that the strategic decision makers of an organization assume special care with regard to the Balance Sheet Risk management and should ensure that the structure of the institute’s business and the level of Balance Sheet risk it assumes are effectively managed, appropriate policies and procedures are established to control the direction of the organization. The whole exercise is with the objective of limiting these risks against the resources that are available for evaluating and controlling liquidity and interest rate risk. Asset Liability Management (ALM) can be defined as a mechanism to address the risk faced by a bank due to a mismatch between assets and liabilities either due to liquidity or changes in interest rates. Liquidity is an institution’s ability to meet its liabilities either by borrowing or converting assets. Apart from liquidity, a bank may also have a mismatch due to changes in interest rates as banks typically tend to borrow short term (fixed or floating) and lend long term (fixed or floating). A...
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...COMPANY’S FINANCIAL ANALYSIS REPORT CONTENTS Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………… i About Oil Company………………………………………………………………………ii Company’s annual report ……………………………………………………………….X Analysis tools and techniques……………………………………………………………X I.Non-Financial analysis A. market aspects B.product and services c.company’s risk II.Financial analysis A. Vertical Analysis Company a Company b Company c Company d B.Horizontal Analysis Company a Company b Company c Company d C.Trend Analysis Company a Company b Company c Company d D.Cross-sectional analysis III.Over-all conclusion Introduction This comprehensive study is conducted to determine where investor’s funds should be expended in the business. This course can help evaluating if the company’s strategy is competitive within the industry and to pinpoint their company's strengths and weaknesses through Quick Financial analysis we have made. This is also serving as analysis tools that help the student to better manage working capital, cash and accounts receivable, plus much more. The company’s annual report for prior year is our focus on this study. However, the computed ratio is not the answer. It is only an indicator of some aspect of a company’s performance to make them comparable. Company’s Risk Foreign Currency Risk The Parent Company’s functional currency is the Philippine peso, which is the denomination of the bulk of the Group’s revenues. The Group’s exposures to foreign...
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...1. Introduction 3 2.Company Profile- Brief Overview 3 2.1 Consumer banking: 6 3. Liquidity Risk: 7 3.1 Measuring Liquidity Risk –SCB 7 3.2 Measuring Credit Risk Exposure 10 3.3 Market Rate Risk 11 3.4 Value at Risk (VaR) 12 4. CAMEL RATING SYSTEM 13 1. Executive Summary International Banking can be defined as banking transactions crossing national boundaries. The activities involves like international lending; claims of domestic bank offices on foreign residents, claims of foreign bank offices on local residents, claims of domestic bank offices on domestic residents in foreign currency are the major activities involved in International Banking. The evolution of banking history dates back to 2000 BC in Assyria and Babylonia; while the modern banking systems originated in Renaissance Italy. The major incentive for the growth of international banking was migration of domestic customers who were MNE’s growing foreign activities and the impacts of regulatory differences. The report is comprised of Liquidity risks, market risks, credit risks of Standard Chartered Bank Plc. The company also demonstrates the firm efficiency of the firm using CAMEL RATING SCALE. The overview of the analysis states that the firm is operating proficiently under the guidelines of BASEL. Introduction According to Lewis & Davis (1987, p. 219), international banking is a denotation of cross-border and cross currency facets of banking business. They classify international banking into...
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...WORKING CAPITAL POLICY OF WHSmith PLC OLUKAYODE OMOSEBI MBA -8A A4032655 ACF: ACCOUNTING AND CORPORATE FINANCE TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………………..3 WORKING CAPITAL POLICY…………………………………………………………………………5 WHSmith: WORKING CAPITAL POLICIES………………………………………………………6 CASH CONVERSION CYCLE………………………………………………………………………..10 KEY ISSUES……………………………………………………………………………………………..11 RECOMMENDATIONS ………………………………………………………………………………12 CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………………………….15 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………………..16 APPENDICES…………………………………………………………………………………………..17 INTRODUCTION WHSmith PLC is one of UK’s leading retailers and is made up of two core businesses – Travel and High Street. Travel stores sell a tailored range of products to cater for people on the move or in need of a convenience offer. High Street sells a wide range of products which are divided into four categories: Stationery (including greetings cards), Books, and News and Impulse (including newspapers, magazines, confectionary and other impulse products), as well as a convenience offer of Entertainment products. High street’s trading is seasonal, peaking at Christmas, with other peaks at Easter and in August and September for the ‘Back to School’ range. WHSmith aims to build on its position as the UK’s most popular bookseller, stationer and newsagent by continuing to grow its strongly performing Travel business and delivering its High Street plan. It aims to improve the company’s...
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...Cariboo Industrial Case Solution We have calculated relevant ratios analysis in regards to Cariboo Industrial (“CI”) liquidity, assets management, long term debt paying ability and profitability. Below are the summary of our work: Liquidity Ratio: Current ratio of CI for the 2001, 2002 and 2003 are 2.03, 0.42 and 0.21 respectively. The ratio figures indicate CI ability to pay it’s short term liabilities commitment. If a ratio figure is high preferably a ratio of 2, it indicates a good liquidity situation. However, for CI, the ratios in showing a declining trend and for 2003 it is at 0.21. In other word, CI can only pay 21cents for every RM1 of it’s short term liabilities in 2003. In addition, if CI were to take into consideration of it’s quick ratio (i.e CI ability to pay short term liabilities immediately without selling inventory) the ratio is also not favorable. CI quick ratio show a ratios of 1.20 (2001), 0.29 (2002) and 0.91 (2003). The following ratios is further supported by the declining of CI cash as shown in the horizontal analysis of the balance sheet between 2001 and 2002 a reduce of 321,000 (-55.06%) and between 2002 and 2003, a reduce of $424,000 (-266.67%). A vertical analysis of 2001, 2002 and 2003 in CI cash against the total asset also show a declining percentage to 3.35%, 0.73% and 0.16%. Other assets also show a declining percentage (please refer to attachment 2 of horizontal and vertical analysis) However based on the vertical analysis, a notable...
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...[pic] Al-Azhar University - Gaza Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Business Administration Department Financial Analysis For : [pic] Prepared by: Ahmed Al-Saqqa Ibrahem Al-Shanti Under the supervision of: Mr.. Nizar Naim 2010-2011 Introduction Microsoft Corporation is one of the largest companies in the field of software and information technology, noted in recent years, the performance drop valuable company, which used to occupy pride of place in this sector, probably due to the enormous development in this area as well as the emergence of new competitors. Microsoft Corporation is a public multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services predominantly related to computing through its various product divisions. Established on April 4, 1975 to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800, Microsoft rose to dominate the home computer operating system (OS) market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by the Microsoft Windows line of OSs. Microsoft would also come to dominate the office suite market with Microsoft Office. The company has diversified in recent years into the video game industry with the Xbox and its successor, the Xbox 360 as well as into the consumer electronics market with Zune and the Windows Phone OS. The ensuing rise of stock in...
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...1. Company Introduction 2. Industry Analysis 3. Financial Analysis - Profitability & Growth Analysis - Cash Flow & Cash Uses - Liquidity & Solvency 4. Outlook & Investment Recommendation 1. COMPANY ANALYSIS Amazon has continually been growing; although the company suffered from a $ -241 M net loss at $ 89 B revenue in 2014. Analysis based on latest audited data FY 2014 by EY. REVENUE & NET INCOME Revenues of $ 89 B with a net loss of $ -241 M in 2014 HISTORY Jeffrey Bezos launched Amazon.com in July 1995 SOURCES OF REVENUE Products (online retail with 79% / $ 70,080 M) and services (= 21% / $ 18,908 M) compuDng services, consumer electronics, digital content & adverDsing services DIVERSIFICATION Constant efforts to diversify by acquiring companies/start-ups and supported by high investments in R&D (e.g. IntegraDng the value chain by creaDng digital content provided online) CORPORATE STRATEGY Amazon at a glance ROE BREAKDOWN ROE -2.35% = NI Assets -241 47,332 -1% X Assets Equity 47,332 10,244 Main focus on strong growth above market average to gain market share rapidly since the company’s foundaDon. Focus on expansion esp. in Europe in 2016 (Example: + 2,500 employees, +3 R&D centers and + 10 warehouses in U.K.) 462.07% ESADE MBA - Class of 2017 - Section A - Group 8 3 1. Company Introduction 2. Industry Analysis 3. Financial Analysis - Profitability...
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