...“Analysis of charcoal value chains general considerations” Steve Sepp – Eco Consulting Group - Germany On behalf of 1 Table of Content Introduction............................................................................................................................................. 2 Importance of promoting the charcoal value chain ................................................................................ 3 Common issues characterizing the charcoal value chain ........................................................................ 3 Analyzing the charcoal value chain ......................................................................................................... 4 Building a roadmap for charcoal value chain upgrading ......................................................................... 7 Conclusions............................................................................................................................................ 10 References ............................................................................................................................................. 11 Introduction Charcoal is a prime source of energy in most African country, as well as a driving force of their economies with estimated annual growth rates of around 3.7 percent [1]. Surprisingly enough, policy makers pay little attention to the ways in which charcoal is produced and sold – e.g. the question as to whether wood used for charcoal burning is harvested...
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...money invested in Australian superannuation funds over the past twenty years. a) Critically analyse the source of this growth b) Discuss the regulatory environment within which superannuation funds operate. Answer: a) The growth is primarily caused by the introduction of Superannuation Guarantee Charge, introduced from 1 July 1991, which initially required employers to contribute at least 4% (or 3%for smaller employers) of most employees’ wages or salary to a superannuation plan. In 2002, the government has also legislated that this minimum contribution rate increased to 9% for all employee. In addition, these required contributions vest with the employee and cannot be accessed until age 55.In other words, the objective is that the funds remain within the superannuation system until the person’s retirement. In view of the increasing importance of superannuation funds within both the economy and the capital markets, it is necessary that the investment policies of these funds and their implication are better understood by the government, policy makers, commentators, market players and companies seeking capital. b) Financial Services Working Group One of the ways the Government is doing this is through the Financial Services Working Group. The Working Group was established to facilitate the creation of short, simple and readable disclosure documents, better enabling consumers to understand and compare the full range of financial products. The first of these...
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...International Journal of Production Research Vol. 48, No. 17, 1 September 2010, 5137–5155 Supply chain performance measurement: a literature review Goknur Arzu Akyuz* and Turan Erman Erkan Department of Industrial Engineering, Atilim University, Kizilcasar Mahallesi, 06836 Incek Go¨lbasi, Ankara, Turkey (Received 19 February 2009; final version received 2 June 2009) This paper is intended to provide a critical literature review on supply chain performance measurement. The study aims at revealing the basic research methodologies/approaches followed, problem areas and requirements for the performance management of the new supply chain era. The review study covers articles coming from major journals related with the topic, including a taxonomy study and detailed investigation as to the methodologies, approaches and findings of these works. The methodology followed during the conduct of this research includes starting with a broad base of articles lying at the intersection of supply chain, information technology (IT), performance measurement and business process management topics and then screening the list to have a focus on supply chain performance measurement. Findings reveal that performance measurement in the new supply era is still an open area of research. Further need of research is identified regarding framework development, empirical cross-industry research and adoption of performance measurement systems for the requirements of the new era, to include...
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...organizations are deeply affected by erratic changes in their environment. In their run to achieve organizational effectiveness, the constant need to monitor and adjust to the environment is critical. Jobs and employees are essential buffers for uncertainties in organizations to their environment. But for it to be effective, a good fit between both employee and the job is necessary so as to have a competent and dynamic workforce. Therefore, the purpose of this essay analyses on a Human Resource (HR) perspective what is competency, the importance of competencies in the current workforce and its tandem relationship to staff undertaking international assignment. Importance of Competency in workforce Mcshane, Olekalns & Travaglione (2010) mentioned that information technology and transport systems enhanced the effects of globalization by bringing connectivity and interdependence between countries around the globe to a whole new level. Therefore, in order to meet the competitiveness of the environment, recognizing core competencies needed by the organizations in its employees is essential as it promotes customer value on the external aspect and allows creation of new business through innovation on the internal aspect (Nankervis et al 2011). As such, it’s no surprise that the same job of past and present now has very different scope of duties. Cooper, Robertson & Tinline (2003) affirm the above by highlighting that in the global environment, jobs are constantly changing due to both internal...
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...MODULE 6 – LEADING AND IMPLEMENTING STRATEGY Identify & discuss the key challenges that confront the strategy implementation process * It needs a supportive environment & has pressures of changing external environment. * Reasons for failure or under-achievement: * Transforming strategic thinking into action * Implementation treated as an add-on & a lower-level employee task. * Strategy achieved best when those in charge of implementation also involved in strategic analysis & formulation process from the start. * Managers who implement are usually too busy with everyday running of operations to become involved in planning process or may be excluded. * Failing the 3Cs of communication, commitment & coordination * Poor communication & lack of commitment & inability to manage change effectively. Poor or vague strategy. Lack of buy-in & ownership from key manager & employees. * Lack of coordination or alignment between an organisation’s strategy & its functional units, processes & systems. * Lack of a model, inadequate information sharing, unclear lines of responsibility & accountability, unsupportive power structure. * Paralysis by analysis * Too much focus on analysis & formulation, relaxing on way resources are allocated & way in which operational decisions are made. Leaders trained to formulate not implement. * Important...
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...Know how Managing knowledge for competitive advantage An Economist Intelligence Unit white paper sponsored by Tata Consultancy Services Know how Managing knowledge for competitive advantage Acknowledgements Know how: Managing knowledge for competitive advantage is a briefing paper written by the Economist Intelligence Unit and sponsored by Tata Consultancy Services (TCS). The findings and views expressed in this white paper do not necessarily reflect the views of TCS, which has sponsored this publication in the interest of promoting informed debate. The Economist Intelligence Unit bears sole responsibility for the content of the report. The main author was Terry Ernest-Jones and the editor was Gareth Lofthouse. The findings are based on two main strands of research: ● The Economist Intelligence Unit conducted an online survey of 122 senior executives in western Europe, 68 of whom were based in the UK. Participants were selected from large organisations with over $1bn in annual sales revenue, and from a cross-section of industries, with a particular emphasis on financial services, healthcare and pharmaceuticals, telecommunications and professional services companies. ● We also interviewed several senior executives and knowledge-management practitioners on the challenges they face in managing corporate knowledge, and on the strategies they have employed to exploit business information for competitive advantage. Our sincere thanks go to all the interviewees and survey...
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...| [Year] | [Organisational behaviour] | | Table of Contents 1 Understand how organizational structures and cultures impact in the effectiveness of the organization 3 1.1 Analysis the characteristics of different organizational structures 3 1.1.1 Definition of Organizational culture. 3 1.2 Evaluate the importance of organizational culture theory in developing organizational effectiveness 4 1.3 Analyze the culture and structure of one organization and evaluate how they impact on its effectiveness 5 1.3.1 Tesco Structure 5 1.3.2 Tesco Culture 6 2 Understand how the organization can improve employee effectiveness to respond to business opportunities 6 2.1 Analyse how organization can facilitate innovation and creativity 6 2.2 Assess the importance of learning in organizations 7 2.3 Evaluate the effectiveness of team working 7 2.4 Analyse the effective management of change in organization 7 3 Understand organizational decision making 8 3.1 Analyse the approaches of organizational decision making 8 3.2 Assess approaches to risk and uncertainty in decision making 8 3.3 Evaluate the effectiveness of organizational decision in a specific organization 8 4 References: 10 * Understand how organizational structures and cultures impact in the effectiveness of the organization Analysis the characteristics of different organizational structures Definition of Organizational culture. Organizational culture can b defined in...
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...“Critical Reflection on my facilitation of learning: Including reflection on the observation, and learning from the module overall” The objective of this essay aim to explore the ideas of adult learning and facilitating learning in the workplace environment looking at the professional requirement .Using my’ facilitating learning’ module I am reflecting my ideas of how can I become a good facilitator in the workplace by implementing my knowledge and identifying the actions for the future practice. Reflection is “a process of examining an experience of practice in order to give account, analyse, evaluate and so inform learning about practice”(Reid 1993:305).I was very nervous before starting this course because I have not studied for 10 years or even written down any assignment and I found it is very interesting after I got a clear idea about the theory of adult learning(Knowles 1990) and the effective methods of transmitting knowledge from the mentor to a student. This assignment will first look at the personal and professional reasons why I want to undertake this module and it will reflect the importance of supportive learning in the workplace environment. NMC code of professional conduct in point 4.3 states that as a Registered Nurse you must ‘Communicate effectively with the patients and other colleagues and share your knowledge, skills and expertise with other members of the team as required for the benefit of patients and clients .it also saying that ‘you have a duty...
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... 1 cover page 2 table of contents 3 1 Introduction 1.1 definition 4 1.2 introduction 4 2 Analyses 2.1 importance of hrm today 5 2.2 one major challenge of hrm facing companies today 6 3 Evaluation and Recommendations 3.1 provide work-life balance 7 3.2 enable global mobility 8 4 Conclusion ...
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... 1. Explain the role of marketing in different types of organisation 2. Explain the importance of different types of marketing research | Contents 1. Identify three key characteristics of the marketing concept (150 words) 2. Explain Britvic’s micro and macro environment (100 words) 3. Explain why market research and the information gathered are important to an organisation like Britvic (150 words) 4. Explain how Britvic might collect and use market research information. Include one quantitative and one qualitative research technique in your response (150 words) 5. Explain the process of market segmentation and targeting and the benefits of segmentation and targeting to Britvic (150 words) 6. Explain marketing theory in relation to each of the 4 P’s. Explain the factors that would affect how Britvic might decide on their choice of each of these items (600 words) a. Product mix and individual products b. Distribution channels c. Pricing methods d. Promotional methods 7. In marketing a service, explain the importance of: (300 words) a. Process b. People c. Physical environment 8. Explain how Britvic might adapt their marketing mix in response to three possible changes in market conditions. (300 words) 1. Identify three key characteristics of the marketing concept (150 words) ...
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...Welcome to the Organisational Behaviour Forum Organizational Behaviour Overview of Organizational Behavior Theoretical Framework • Defining Organizational Behavior • Historical Background for Modern Organizational Behavior • Challenges Faced by Management • Organizational Behavior Model Defining Organizational Behavior • Organizational Behavior is an academic discipline concerned with predicting, understanding, describing, and controlling human behavior in an organizational environment. • OB has evolved from early classical management theories into a complex school of thought—and it continues to change in response to the dynamic environment and proliferating corporate cultures in which today's businesses operate. • The task of getting organizations to function effectively is a difficult one. Defining Organizational Behavior • Understanding one individual's behavior is a challenging problem in and of itself. A group, made up of different individuals and multiple relationships among those individuals, is even more complex… In the fact of this overwhelming complexity, Organizational Behavior must be managed. Defining Organizational Behavior • Ultimately the work of organizations gets done through the behavior of people, individually or collectively, on their own or in collaboration with technology. Thus, central to the management task is the management of Organizational Behavior. • To do this, there must be the capacity to understand the patterns of behavior...
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...1. Introduction The intention of Nando’s Restaurant is to expand aggressively in the Singapore market. The purpose of this report is to convey the detailed environmental analysis conducted, as well as the identified SWOT and PEST analysis, both internal and external environments for Nando’s Restaurant that is based in Singapore. 2. Environmental Analysis 2.1 Definition of Environmental Analysis “Environmental analysis presents information regarding the organization’s current situation with respect to the marketing environment, the current marketing objectives and performance.” (Houghton Mifflin Company. Appendix C Sample Marketing Plan.) “Before developing any marketing strategy, one should immerse in what you know about the markets in which you are interested. One should read all about the markets. Look at what the competitors are doing in those markets. Talk to customers or potential customers in those markets. Consider any trends that affect those markets.” (Don Sexton. 2010. Trump University Marketing 101 – Maco Trends.) 2.2 Importance of Environmental Analysis A marketing environmental analysis is a vital step in identifying all internal and external environmental elements that that might affect the business performance and evaluating the level of threat or opportunity. These factors are largely not able to be controlled by the organisation but the business and marketing strategy is adaptable to take advantage of the opportunities they present while minimising...
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...competition by relinquishing their leadership positions. Making no mistake, the insurance industry is at a pivot point as further success is likely to rest on today’s technology strategies and decisions. With increased competition among insurers, service has become a key issue. Customers are looking for more and features that add to better service. So, any insurance company today must meet the need of the hour with more and more sophisticated approaches while handling the customers. Today, managing the customer intelligently is very essential for the insurer, especially in this highly competitive environment. This project aims to study the importance of information technology attached with its business processes at my SIP Company, IDBI Federal life Insurance Company limited. It also identifies the new developments in Information technology that can be applied to this company. Also, it analyses whether the company can gain any strategic advantage through e-insurance. It also aims at understanding how customer’s...
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...Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management Volume 2, 2007 Approach to Building and Implementing Business Intelligence Systems Celina M. Olszak and Ewa Ziemba University of Economics, Katowice, Poland olszak@ae.katowice.pl ewa.ziemba@ae.katowice.pl Abstract Abstract: The article aims at describing processes of building Business Intelligence (BI) systems. Taking the BI systems specifics into consideration, the authors present a suggested methodology of the systems creation and implementation in organisations. The considerations are focused on objectives and functional areas of the BI in organisations. Hence, in this context the approach to be used while building and implementing the BI involves two major stages that are of interactive nature, i.e. BI creation and BI “consumption”. A large part of the article is devoted to presenting objectives and tasks that are realised while building and implementing BI. Key words: Business Intelligence, methodology of BI construction, designing BI, business decision-making, knowledge management Introduction Socio-economic reality of contemporary organisations has made organisations face some necessity to look for instruments that would facilitate effective acquiring, processing and analysing vast amounts of data that come from different and dispersed sources and that would serve as some basis for discovering new knowledge. For long time management information systems (MIS) have been supporting organisations in their...
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...teaching session on the prevention of pressure ulcers I have chosen to use Johns’ model of reflection (1994) to reflect on this teaching session. This model incorporates a good analysis of the session and enables me to effectively reflect on the positives of the teaching session but also what could be improved. This model will enable me to successfully analyse what needs improving and the session will be improved in the future as a nurses’ role is educating patients, relatives and other member of staff. I will study the relevance to the subject that was taught and refer to the teaching plan. I will use a progressive tool to highlight the areas explored and also will use evidenced based findings to show the expectations of the local trust. To adhere to confidentiality I will keep the individuals name confidential (NMC Code of Conduct 2008) The teaching session was chosen based on the research that post operative patients are at high risk of developing a pressure ulcer as (RCN 2003). This is due to the lack of mobility therefore educating patients on relieving pressure areas would be beneficial to the patient as it is enabling the patient more control over their care whilst in hospital. The patient was a 72 year old man who was at high risk of getting a pressure sore, the patient was able to acknowledge the subject and able to understand the subject taught, there was no special learning needs needed to be acknowledged as the teacher. The teaching method that was used was...
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