...Compare/Contrast Greek and Roman Art and Architecture Since the onset of Greek and Roman civilizations centuries ago we have seen the art and architectural worlds evolve into what we know them as today. In fact, many of the ancient Greek styles were duplicated by the Romans and modified to suit their needs. We can still see a lot of Greek and Roman influences in the present day, especially in the architectural world. Below I will cite some examples of Greek and Roman pieces of art and a structure from each culture and detail some similarities as well as some contrasting values. I’d like to begin by comparing some pieces of art. In The Fallen Warrior (Greece) and The Dying Gaul (Roman copy) both clearly represent a tragic event. Both subjects are leaning on the ground and seem to be dying but the reality of the event is more evident in the Gaul sculpture. The wound is clearly visible and the anguish of the subject is captured in his poise. Conversely the subject of the Warrior piece looks rather content and shows no visible injury. Both works are roughly the same size and represent a relatively perfect human structure with attention to muscular detail as well as an idealization of the human body. However, the Warrior sculpture shows less optical fact and more stylization as far as the eyes, mouth and beard are concerned when compared to the almost true to nature elements of the Gaul piece. This shows how some of the Greek foundation was carried along but modified...
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...Compare/Contrast Greek and Roman Art and Architecture Since the onset of Greek and Roman civilizations centuries ago we have seen the art and architectural worlds evolve into what we know them as today. In fact, many of the ancient Greek styles were duplicated by the Romans and modified to suit their needs. We can still see a lot of Greek and Roman influences in the present day, especially in the architectural world. Below I will cite some examples of Greek and Roman pieces of art and a structure from each culture and detail some similarities as well as some contrasting values. I’d like to begin by comparing some pieces of art. In The Fallen Warrior (Greece) and The Dying Gaul (Roman copy) both clearly represent a tragic event. Both subjects are leaning on the ground and seem to be dying but the reality of the event is more evident in the Gaul sculpture. The wound is clearly visible and the anguish of the subject is captured in his poise. Conversely the subject of the Warrior piece looks rather content and shows no visible injury. Both works are roughly the same size and represent a relatively perfect human structure with attention to muscular detail as well as an idealization of the human body. However, the Warrior sculpture shows less optical fact and more stylization as far as the eyes, mouth and beard are concerned when compared to the almost true to nature elements of the Gaul piece. This shows how some of the Greek foundation was carried along but modified by the...
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...Art History 101 – Ancient to Medieval Handout 4 Greek Art: Geometric & Orientalizing (9th-7th BC), Archaic (7th-6th BC), Classical (5th c. BC), Late Classical (4th century BC) and Hellenistic Periods (3rd - 1st c. BC) ! Geometric 800 BC: Prosperity comes again to Greece after the fall of the Mycenaeans. Trade and important ceramic traditions look Eastward for sources. ! 1. Late Geometric belly-handled amphora by the Dypilon master, 8th c. BCE, fig.5.2, use of registers, primarily geometric designs, krater= used to mix wine and water, miander pattern, representations of humans very abstract, focus on living rather than dead. ! Archaic Statuary: Life size human sculpture, funerary, influenced by Egyptian technique. Kouros (youth) sculptures were used as grave markers. male body idealized, broad shoulders, narrow waste, and deeply carved joints (athletic ideal). Kore/Korai is the female version of the Kouros. Archaic smile, heavy cloth draped over them=peplos, curling/stylized hair, round face. Painted pure white, marble, symmetrical face, body not symmetrical, “Business in the front, party in the back” ! Architecture: Sculpture and architecture are integrated in the pediments of the first Greek temples Temple of Artemis at Corfu (600 BC): Doric order, limestone, story of Medusa being slayed by Perseus on the pediment of the temple, central figure on pediment= medusa, situated in the traditional Archaic pose: bent leg, bent arm...
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...For thousands of years artists have been inspired by the world around them. Artists create beautiful paintings, sculptures, buildings and so much more that has been motivated by the history of their culture, the people around them, myths and stories, and great wars and battles. Wars, whether it be the Trojan War, WWI, or the Vietnam War have inspired artists to create outstanding works that captures and holds the viewers in so they can experience the visual and sensory impact that war has. The pieces of art that you will see on the VAM Tour today records the consequences and conflicts of war from not only from the men and women that fought in the battles but also the civilians that endured the repercussions of it. The first piece on the tour takes us back to Ancient Greece around 530 BCE. This particular piece is called Achilles and Ajax Playing Droughts by Exekias. It is a very famous amphora which is...
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...coincided peacefully. Yet peace is a short term idea and one thing you can be certain of is that humans will always war with each other and these two super powers of ancient times were no different so every Greek eventually had to pick a side, Democracy or a Monarchy, philosophy or fighting, Athens or Sparta. Athens was like the California of the ancient world, always so innovative and open minded to a great many ideas. Athens was one of the first places to introduce democracy into a world full of feudalism and monarchies, not that all of the monarchs across the world were bad but overall the lifestyle was much fairer for the average citizen in Athens. The power came from the people and this made the people happy which is the goal of any government no matter what it is. Now Sparta was a little different, Sparta was a city focused on martial prowess, discipline and simply being physically better than all other. Spartans were the pinnacle and prime example of the Warrior. Every Spartan dreams of a glorious death in battle and to them dying any other way would have been seen as cowardly or weak. Once a Spartan boy grew to a certain age he was inducted into a very strict training regime called “The Agoge”, they were taught to be the stealthiest and most brutal killing machines the world has ever seen. These warriors were so great that only a meager 300 of these soldiers held the pass of Thermopylae against a massive Persian host of 1 million men. That demonstration of power makes...
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...The preparation of the ancient Olympics varies in many ways to that of the modern Olympics. What we have to understand is that nowadays-modern athletes are considered professional and this is their job. Whereas during the ancient era athletes would use athletics as a chance to gain respect and to be fit for war which was ongoing in all of ancient Greece. A modern athlete would find strange that the ancient games where held for Greeks only and that no person outside of Greece was allowed to compete. Athletics were a key part of education in ancient Greece. Many Greeks believed that developing the body was equally important as improving the mind for overall health. Also, regular exercise was important in a society where men were always needed for military service. Javelins would be used in warfare as well, so for many men the use of the javelin would provide experience for use when it comes to war. The modern athletes would see that when using the javelin they would use a leather thong that they would tie around their hand, to what they believed to propel the javelin even further. Ancient athletes were required to arrive at Olympia at least a month before the games were due to start in order to train in front of the hellanodikai who were local judges and they would judge the competitors fitness during that month. During this month athletes would compete in heats, against other competitors from Greece. We know that athletes would compete in heats from the accounts of Diagoras...
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...Christianity, there is variation in their beliefs. In Roman Catholicism their belief in salvation and the afterlife is that it must be earned by being part of the church community, basically meaning that a Roman Catholic would only gain entry into the afterlife if they attended church [Stewart]. In Baptist churches they believe that only those who believe, who have been baptized and also believe Christ is their savior may enter the afterlife [Buschart]. On the other hand there are the non-Christians, sometimes referred to as pagans; though in this age the term is more used for polytheists who aren’t Hindu believers or ancestral worshipers. In my own religious beliefs, Wicca, the afterlife varies based on the god or goddess being followed. In Greek based Wicca there is an afterlife and depending on how your soul acts in that life varies on where you’ll be sent [Marks]. In Cherokee following paganism, how my mother follows, they do not believe in a literal place like heaven but more that when a person dies they go on as ghosts, wandering the earth [The Tradition Belief System]. Then there are the non-theistic groups like agnostics and atheists. Agnostics tend to vary from person to person on death and the afterlife so it’s hard to tell what they believe [Agnostics]. Atheists do not believe in an afterlife. Taking a focus on Roman Catholicism is quite intriguing. While they believe their practitioners do go onto an afterlife, they also believe that human beings are riddled with sin...
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...The Illiad Book 1 People to Remember: * Chryses – Priest to Apollo * Chryseis – Chryses Daughter * Agamemnon – Leader of Greek Forces * Apollo (Sminthesus) – God of Mice * Achilles – Warrior of Greeks * Chalcas – Camp Prophet * Briseis – Daughter of Achilles * Athena – Wife of Achilles, Goddess of Warriors * Nestor – From City of Pylos * Thetis – Achilles’ Mother, Sea God, Sea Nymph * Zeus * Hera – Wife of Zeus * Hephaestus – Son of Hera and Zeus, Sun God * Aphrodite – Sex Goddess of flower, candy * Aeneas – Hero of Troy * Ares – War God Summary: 1. The story is the Anger of Achilles and how it brings consequences to the Greeks. 2. Agamemnon abducts Chryseis. Chryses prays to Apollo. Apollo sends plague to Greeks. Achilles calls a meeting. 3. Chalcas tells everyone what is going on so everyone tells Agamemnon to give back Chryseis but he says okay if I do I get to choose whomever I want and he chooses Briseis. 4. Achilles is angered and tries to fight Agamemnon but his wife stops him from killing him because she knows he will regret it. 5. Nestor tells everyone to calm down. Thetis goes to Zeus for help. Zeus tries to sneak behind his wife but gets caught and Hephaestus says no fighting. Says what the Illiad is about. Not about Trojan War, talks about an event that happens in the 9th year of the war. The anger of Achilles. Death because of anger. Achilles vs. Agamemnon...
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...Socrates Philosopher Socrates was a classical Greek Athenian philosopher. Credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, he is an enigmatic figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, Wikipedia “Personal background” Born: 469 BC, Athens, Greece Died:399 BC, Athens, Greece Full name: Socrates Nationality: Greek Era: Ancient philosophy Region: Western philosophy School: Classical Greek Main interests: Epistemology, ethics Notable idea: SocraticMethod, Socratic irony Influenced: Most subsequent Western philosophy; more specifically, Plato, Aristotle, Aristippus, Antisthenes Spouse:Xanthippe Children:Menexenus, Lamprocles, Sophroniscus Aristotle Philosopher Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and polymath, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great “Personal background” Born: 384 BC Stagira, Chalcidice Died: 322 BC (aged 61 or 62) Euboea Nationality: Greek Era: Ancient philosophy Region: Western philosophy School: Peripatetic schoolAristotelianism Main interests: Physics, Metaphysics, Poetry, Theatre, Music, Rhetoric, Politics, Government, Ethics, Biology, and Zoology Notable ideas: Golden mean, Aristotelian logic, syllogism, hexis, homomorphism, Aristotle's theory of soul Plato Philosopher Plato was a philosopher in Classical Greece. He was also a mathematician, student of Socrates, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western...
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...HUM 1110.99 Final Paper A Comparison and Contrast of the Mother Goddess Figure Introduction This paper compares and contrasts the Virgin Mary and the Egyptian mother goddess Isis. A mother goddess is a deity or persona that represents motherhood, fertility, creation or one that embodies the bounties of the Earth. The Virgin Mary and Isis each represent perspectives of what is called the Sacred Feminine or Divine Feminine. Upon first glance, it appears that the similarities between the Virgin Mary and Isis are nothing more than a coincidence. I however, think The Virgin Mary and Isis are the same entity merely altered to fit different cultural needs. Author and psychic medium, Jessica Jewett, best describes this on her web page, “The supreme mother of the universe; she is loving, wise, courageous and sacrifices herself and her family of the benefit of mankind. In modern Christian culture, this description fits the Holy Mother, the Virgin Mary, but three thousand years ago and longer, this description also fit the most powerful Egyptian goddess, Isis.” (Jewett) I will be using their origins, symbols, titles, functions in religion, and seasonal festivals to compare and contrast The Virgin Mary and Isis in attempts to show how they are one in the same. Origins/Births Both Isis and The Virgin Mary are similar in the fact that they are considered divine mothers and venerated as a “life-giver”. They both had male offspring, Jesus and...
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... The Nelson Playbooks Edited by JOHN HAMPDEN, M.A. THE SEVEN AGAINST THEBES No. 304 THE VILLAGE DRAMA SOCIETY In association with the British Drama League The Society sends out sets of plays for selecand gives advice on questions of production. It will arrange Drama Schools, and provides Lecturers and Adjudicators. The Costume Department makes a speciality of beautiful and accurate historical costume, tion, taking into account not only stage lighting for indoor plays, but distance and daylight on outWell-known portraits have door performances. The department been copied in many instances. can now undertake to dress Pageants, Mystery plays, Shakespeare, Restoration, Eighteenth Century, and early Nineteenth Century plays, as well as Greek drama. Further particulars may be had from : The Hon. 274 Secretary, Village Drama Society, New Cross Road, London, S.E.14. The Seven Against Thebes of iEschylus RENDERED INTO ENGLISH VERSE BY EDWYN BEVAN AUTHOR OF "THE HOUSE OF SELEUCUS" THOMAS NELSON AND SONS, Ltd. LONDON AND EDINBURGH LIBRARY ( All rights in this translation ai-e reserved 3§ PREFACE Out of the old festivals of the wine-god, Dionysos, in which songs had been sung by a chorus, dealing with stories of the legendary past, there was developed at Athens, in the fifth century B.C., the drama, in which the old stories were acted. But since the Attic drama was still in theory a piece of religious ritual, carried out in honour of Dionysos, the chorus was retained...
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...Foundations: c. 8000 B.C.E.–600 C.E. Major Developments 1. Locating world history in the environment and time 1. Environment 1. Geography and climate: Interaction of geography and climate with the development of human society a. Five Themes of Geography – consider these 1. Relative location – location compared to others 2. Physical characteristics – climate, vegetation and human characteristics 3. Human/environment interaction – how do humans interact/alter environ a. Leads to change 4. Movement – peoples, goods, ideas among/between groups 5. Regions – cultural/physical characteristics in common with surrounding areas b. E. Africa first people – 750,000 years ago started to move 1. moving in search of food c. Role of Climate – End of Ice Age 12000 BCE – large areas of N. America, Europe, Asia became habitable – big game hunters already migrated 1. Geographical changes - 3000 BCE Green Sahara began to dry up, seeds to forests – N. America 2. Effect on humans – nomadic hunters didn’t move so much a. Settle near abundant plant life – beginning of civilization b. Sedentary life w/ dependable food supply 3. milder conditions, warmer temperatures, higher ocean...
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...ENGLISH LITERATURE ITS HISTORY AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE LIFE OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING WORLD A TEXT-BOOK FOR SCHOOLS BY WILLIAM J. LONG, PH.D. (Heidelberg) TO MY FRIEND C H T IN GRATITUDE FOR HIS CONTINUED HELP IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS BOOK CANTERBURY PILGRIMS From Royal MS., 18 D.ii, in the British Museum PREFACE This book, which presents the whole splendid history of English literature from Anglo-Saxon times to the close of the Victorian Era, has three specific aims. The first is to create or to encourage in every student the desire to read the best books, and to know literature itself rather than what has been written about literature. The second is to interpret literature both personally and historically, that is, to show how a great book generally reflects not only the author's life and thought but also the spirit of the age and the ideals of the nation's history. The third aim is to show, by a study of each successive period, how our literature has steadily developed from its first simple songs and stories to its present complexity in prose and poetry. To carry out these aims we have introduced the following features: (1) A brief, accurate summary of historical events and social conditions in each period, and a consideration of the ideals which stirred the whole nation, as in the days of Elizabeth, before they found expression in literature. (2) A study of the various literary epochs in turn, showing what each gained from...
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...RICK RIORDAN THE CROWN of PTOLEMY A Percy Jackson/Kane Chronicles Adventure PUFFIN Contents The Crown of Ptolemy ABOUT THE AUTHOR Rick Riordan is the creator of the award-winning, bestselling Percy Jackson series and the thrilling Kane Chronicles and Heroes of Olympus series. Don’t miss his new series: Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard. According to Rick, the idea for the Percy Jackson stories was inspired by his son Haley. But rumour has it that Camp Half-Blood actually exists, and Rick spends his summers there recording the adventures of young demigods. Some believe that, to avoid a mass panic among the mortal population, he was forced to swear on the River Styx to present Percy Jackson’s story as fiction. Rick lives in Boston, Massachussetts, (apart from his summers on Half-Blood Hill) with his wife and two sons. To learn more about Rick and the Percy Jackson and Kane Chronicles series, visit: www.rickriordanmythmaster.co.uk The Crown of Ptolemy ‘CARTER!’ I SHOUTED. Nothing happened. Next to me, pressed against the wall of the old fort, Annabeth peered into the rain, waiting for magical teenagers to fall out of the sky. ‘Are you doing it right?’ she asked me. ‘Gee¸ I dunno. I’m pretty sure his name is pronounced Carter.’ ‘Try tapping the hieroglyph multiple times.’ ‘That’s stupid.’ ‘Just try it.’ I stared at my hand. There wasn’t even a trace of the hieroglyph that Carter Kane had drawn on my palm almost two months back. He’d...
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...PHIL 127: History of Ancient Philosophy Socrates and His Mission When is a Question Philosophical? Philosophical questions have answers. (A question that has no answer is not a question; it just masquerades as one.) But a question is philosophical for a particular culture at a particular time when no means of answering it are available – or, none of the prevailing methods have any authority. A problem is a philosophical problem when the way to go about answering the question is in question. An issue is a philosophical issue when the right way to settle the issue is at issue. A Philosophical Crisis If the claims in the previous paragraph are true, then 5th century Greece was in a philosophical crisis. It was a crisis in morality. In our culture we think of morality as being concerned with rules. Here are some rules – You should not kill. – You should not steal. – Don’t hit people. – Lying is wrong. – It’s wrong to promise to do something and then not do it. – You should not covet your neighbors wife, or his ox or his ass or his male or female slave, or anything that is your neighbor’s. – You should not lie with a man as with a woman. – Thou should not wear fabric woven of wool one way and linen the other. – Do (imperative) unto others as you would have them do unto you. – Help (imperative) other people who are in need when you can do so at no great risk or cost to yourself. Why do we think of morality as consisting of rules? This question is important...
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