...Here ‘philosophy’ refers to those concepts that spring from the conditions determining one’s history and instituted being and which in turn give conceptual shape to those conditions and thereby render them an object of en - gagement for political consciousness. So, for example, the nationhood of a nation always relates to philosophical en - counters with history, that is, encounters involving the fun - damentals of a people’s being as an historical agent inter - ested in its ontological and ethical integrity, in its freedom and responsibility. It is in this sense that philosophy offers an account of origins, a genealogy of where one comes from. Moreover, it performs the role, to some degree, of educator of the nation in so far as it engages in the practice of (re)situ - ating the self-understandings of the collective present with - in the context of collective origins. The absence of a self-consciously white Australian phi - losophy is implied by the fact that we have yet to formulate an answer to the question ‘where do you come from?’ that the uncompromising presence of Indigenous sovereign be - ing poses to us. It is this question that commands white Australians to respond by situating ourselves...
Words: 1766 - Pages: 8
...The film I have chosen to do my critique on is Zack Snyder’s 300. 300 is a film about King Leonidas, the King of Sparta, and his 300 Spartan warriors who all stood up against the God-king Xerxes and his massive Persian army from annihilation. After watching the film very closely for my critique I believe there is a serious underlying theme that everyone has the right to be free and sometimes you have to stand up and make sacrifices to keep your freedom. Standing up for freedom is never an easy task as shown in 300 but, everyone deserves to be free. In discussing the storytelling, acting, cinematography, editing, sound, style and directing, the impact of society on the film, genre, a formalist approach to analysis, and the overall textual theme of 300 I will attempt to back up my belief. Storytelling 300’s narrative structure is the first-person point of view of Dilios, a Spartan solider under the command of King Leonidas. The film is presented in chronological order and takes place in Sparta and Thermopylae, Greece. The major conflict in the film is that the Persian army has come to Sparta and requests their submission or will kill them and enslave their women and children. King Leonidas makes the decision to stand up to the Persians but; is not allowed to go to war with the Xerxes, the Persian God-king, because the Ephors deny him the right. The Ephors are later found out to be traitors. Unfortunately, by the end the Spartans are betrayed by Ephialtes, a deformed Spartan outcast...
Words: 328 - Pages: 2
...Freedom Speeches Both Roosevelt’s “Four Freedoms” speech and Kennedy’s inaugural address talks about how they want to preserve freedom. However, Roosevelt’s speech wants to support the war but not send troops and fight in the war whereas Kennedy’s speech wanted to negotiate with other countries to work together. When Roosevelt delivered his Four Freedoms speech in 1940 World War 2 was raging on in Europe. The U.S was not yet involved in the war. European countries were falling to Nazi Germany one by one. Roosevelt wanted to support England and other countries that were part of the Allies by giving them guns, tanks, planes, bombs, and other war supplies, but not send troops over to fight. This speech was given two years before the bombing of Pearl Harbor by Japan and U.S involvement in World War 2....
Words: 486 - Pages: 2
...disturbed by anything. But this visual image will soon change, as suddenly everything is “swept away by wheat’, meaning that this peacefully countryside is intervened by human activity. This creates an image of nature suddenly being attacked and confronted with mankind and its intentions. The changing of fields into wheat plantation is an example of one of many mankind’s’ intention (this being colonization and industry). The author also uses contracting tone in order for her to convey feelings about human destruction. Like with the visual imagery, the tone of poem is very happy and serene, as nature is free to do whatever it wants. This is shown by using words like “tossing, blooming” and perfumed grass “ which create this freedom which nature has. But this freedom of nature shall soon be confronted with mankind as suddenly “the locomotives sing”, which shows signs that humans are intervening with the harmony of nature. As now loud locomotives are now in the same environment as nature. The tone of the poem shall...
Words: 482 - Pages: 2
...What was the role of internal resistance in East Timor’s independence from Indonesia in October 1999? East Timor’s much-deserved independence from Indonesia was a multidimensional achievement, with a wide range of economic and political implications. Internal resistance was certainly not the sole contributing factor – there was great interplay between numerous forces, such as the actions of Indonesian armed forces and paramilitary affiliates, Jakarta’s evolving political environment, and pressures from governments abroad, which led to the nation’s independence. However, internal resistance as a part of the independence struggle was particularly unique in East Timor as it manifested in two forms – violent resistance and non-violent resistance – each creating impacts of varying magnitudes. I chose the role of internal resistance as the focus of my research due to the intriguing nature of this very distinction. This essay will attempt to demonstrate that internal resistance of both forms worked to strengthen nationalism and unity among the East Timorese, and garnered crucial international support that was necessary for East Timor’s independence. Historically, a nation’s first response to an invasion is armed resistance, whether it is sanctioned by the government, or carried out by guerilla forces. Such was also the case in East Timor, where The Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor (Fretilin) became the face of East Timorese armed resistance upon Indonesia’s invasion...
Words: 1482 - Pages: 6
...Socrates’ view of morality. Death The first and most obvious worldview that I wanted to cover is Socrates’ view of death. That is, what really happens to us when we die? This was such an evident topic to me because throughout a majority of our readings, Socrates was being faced with death, so what better time to discuss one’s thoughts for what is to come in the afterlife than when they are staring death in the face. Socrates first brings to light his view of death in the Apology when he states, “Death is one of two things. Either it is annihilation, and the dead have no consciousness of anything; or, as we are told, it is really a change: a migration of the soul from this place to another.” (Apology 40c). At this point, Socrates does not give any definitive answer as to whether death is annihilation or the migration of the soul; rather, he argues that it does not really matter. He explains why both options are favorable, by comparing annihilation to, “a dreamless sleep” (Apology 40d) and stating that if the soul migrates, the dead spend their time with “demigods that were upright in their earthly life” (Apology 41a). It is later, in the Phaedo that I started to affirm my belief in where Socrates stands on death, which is the migration of...
Words: 1543 - Pages: 7
...the author places him-/ herself or his/her alter-ego in myriad contexts, it might lead to self-cancellation, yet it provides him/her with numerous autobiographies –multiple counter-lives. Stanley Trachtenburgh, in his essay "Counterhumor: Comedy in Contemporary American Fiction" (1973), seems to agree with Lury. He discusses how the "shifting possibilities" lead to self-cancellation when he differentiates between existential and post-existential literatures. According to him, existential literature accentuates how the man uses his reason in dealing with the absurdity of life without losing his authentic self. The post-existential literature, however, completely denies the existence of an authentic self at all. It rather persists on the annihilation of self: Existential literature, from Dostoevsky to Camus, has continued to insist on regarding the absurd as the confrontation of a nonrational universe by man's demand for reason. It strives to achieve a condition of authenticity, which requires confrontation with the irrational and so with the uncertainty of experience. The authentic self, therefore, is committed to experience the full anxiety of the here and now. In the post-existential vision, such authenticity is challenged by the increasing inability to identify the certain existence even of a fundamental self. (37) He, further, believes that the "shifting possibilities" or the multiple selves come to defy the psychological theory that states that a sense of belonging is required...
Words: 1137 - Pages: 5
...Waging wars require a nation to be as brutal to its own subjects as it is to its enemies. Life is brutal in nature; animals live by preying off each other. But genocide is not part of the animal kingdom; it is human enterprise—a human evil. During the wars between the ships, Captain Jones is only interested in total annihilation. He frequently howls like a dog and his men become a “litter of dogs” during the battle, which again, shows that man and animal are interchangeable especially during a war (Ch.XVI). The ship is both personified but then animalized with the description of appearing as an “Indiaman” but at the same time having an “elephantine bulk.” Melville creates dualism within the ship giving it characteristics of man and animal. Melville addresses an important question: “In view of this battle one may ask- What separates the enlightened man from the savage? Is civilization a thing distinct, or is it an advanced stage of barbarism?” (Ch. XIX). Is there a contingency that is truly natural and authentic to man? Freud claimed that civilization...
Words: 902 - Pages: 4
...According to Spoto Vertigo is “as much the tragedy of a lost and exploited woman as it is the bizarre story of an abused man” (291), and in the end only one survives and the other is lost forever. The victim is the woman. These words suggest that woman is ready to sacrifice her life for the sake of others. Woman is just a plaything in the hands of a powerful, freedom-loving man. Hence Madeleine (Kim Novak) is exploited twice by Galvin Elster (Tom Helmore) and then by Scottie (James Stewart). Scottie loved blonde Madeleine just as Hitchcock. He was bothered about Judy’s red hair. He transforms her and wants her to wear dress that dead Madeleine used to wear. Judy (Kim Novak) is willing to do anything to attain Scottie’s love and attention. People try to transform others for pseudo love, which is a passion. Self-love can be destructive and neurotic and the following dialogue is an instance: Judy: If I let you change me, will that do it? If I do what you tell me, will you love me? Scottie: Yes-Yes. Judy: All right, then, I’ll do it. I don’t care anymore about me. (Spoto 294/qtd from the film) Exploitation and self annihilation disguised as love and self-sacrifice gets a tragic representation in the film. Judy caught in her own web of spell now had to be false Madeleine for the sake of both Scottie and herself. Now she has really renounced herself and according to Spoto “has become the double of a double, an imitation twice removed from the reality” (297). Forced by Judy’s own...
Words: 483 - Pages: 2
...The International Olympic Committee: Promoters of Peace or a Committee of Ignorance Throughout the history of the modern Olympics, numerous countries have boycotted the games due to political and social outcries. However, in very few cases has the International Olympic Committee reversed the favor and refused to invite specific countries to the Olympics to compete. These countries have included Japan, Germany, and even South Africa. Recent events of the past four decades have caused a loud uproar among countries and even organizations to exclude the country of Iran from the 2012 Olympic Games in London. It is found to be an evident case that Iran is an example of a country that completely contradicts the Olympics’ purpose in a variety of ways and therefore should not be allowed to contend. In the past century, three countries have been denied the right to compete in the Olympics for different reasons that the IOC believed as unforgiveable. According to Larry Zuckerman (2004), in 1920 and 1924 Germany was banned from the Olympics after WWI due to inhumane acts during the war such as the mass killings, lootings, and burnings of towns known as the Rape of Belgium. They were also ostracized due to their direct influence of bringing Europe into the war. In 1948, both Germany and Japan were not invited to the London games. According to George Duncan (n.d.), the two countries attributed to the massacre of civilians such as the genocide of the Jews by the Nazi’s, and the mass killings...
Words: 1346 - Pages: 6
...astro-ph/0301505 UMN–TH–2127/03 TPI–MINN–03/02 January 2003 arXiv:astro-ph/0301505v2 25 Jan 2003 TASI LECTURES ON DARK MATTER∗ KEITH A. OLIVE† William I. Fine Theoretical Physics Institute, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA E-mail: olive@umn.edu Observational evidence and theoretical motivation for dark matter are presented and connections to the CMB and BBN are made. Problems for baryonic and neutrino dark matter are summarized. Emphasis is placed on the prospects for supersymmetric dark matter. 1. Lecture 1 The nature and identity of the dark matter of the Universe is one of the most challenging problems facing modern cosmology. The problem is a long-standing one, going back to early observations of mass-to-light ratios by Zwicky1 . Given the distribution (by number) of galaxies with total luminosity L, φ(L), one can compute the mean luminosity density of galaxies L= which is determined to be2 L ≃ 2 ± 0.2 × 108 ho L⊙ M pc−3 (2) Lφ(L)dL (1) where L⊙ = 3.8 × 1033 erg s−1 is the solar luminosity. In the absence of a cosmological constant, one can define a critical energy density, ρc = 3H 2 /8πGN = 1.88 × 10−29 ho 2 g cm−3 , such that ρ = ρc for three-space curvature k = 0, where the present value of the Hubble parameter has been defined by Ho = 100ho km Mpc−1 s−1 . We can now define a critical mass-to-light ratio is given by (M/L)c = ρc /L ≃ 1390ho(M⊙ /L⊙ ) (3) ∗ Summary of lectures given at the Theoretical Advanced...
Words: 19854 - Pages: 80
...grieving process as experienced in active addiction as well as during recovery. Loss and Grief Loss is the hallmark of addiction. It occurs in a continuum of pre-addictive losses, losses during active addiction, and losses as the result of entering recovery (Haberstroh, 2005). Prior to active addiction, a person may harbor unresolved grief related to trauma, abuse, or missed opportunities for success and self-actualization (Haberstroh, 2005). This pathological mourning can play deeply into the development of an addiction (Skolnick, 1979, as cited by Haberstroh, 2005). Having fallen into active addiction, the hapless person watches in astonishment as he or she loses money, employment, home, relationships, children, freedom, health, sanity, the virtual “annihilation of all the things worthwhile in life (Alcoholics Anonymous, 2001, p. 18). These losses can become quite severe, including the loss of future and even sanity (Haberstroh, 2005). There are also less conspicuous losses of meaning and social status (Haberstroh, 2005). After entering treatment, the addict is faced with new losses of fellow users and other associates, as well as the loss of security found in the comfort and familiarity of the old lifestyle and coping methods (Haberstroh, 2005). Furthermore, the newly recovering addict begins to feel the non-anesthetized pains of shame and remorse as the full impact of the loss and damage suffered heretofore comes into stark clarity. Doka (2014) defines grief generally as...
Words: 1055 - Pages: 5
...that, as everything had been said before, the structural reform in language was to use stock words to re-create experiences that alienated readers from the usual descriptions. A younger generation of writers such as Joseph Heller, Thomas Pynchon, and John Barth walked out of realism and explored more about the connections and communications that every one of the readers meditated when confronted and being consciously manipulated by the chaotic world as helpless and impotent individuals. Like Peter Cooper mentions in Signs and Symptoms, the characters in the metafictions became “less substantial, less dimensional” and were undermined and dwarfed not by “impersonal powers”, as often happened on realistic characters, but by a “superfluity of freedom and choice” (C 5). Thus, the characters were not supposed to “grow, develop, or expose themselves to revelation”, but were utilized by the novelists as the objects of interpreting a “real world” of “correlated patterns and labyrinthine structures within structures”, a world that blurred the line between “invented reality” and “impersonal reality” (C 4, C 16). For the realistic novels, writers generally took the world they were living in as the only authentic reality, and focused on exploring topics such as moral choices, social justice, yet all the discussions were ultimately about humanity. Whether it’s good or evil, optimistic or pessimistic, eventually it’s the discussions about ourselves and we could still feel the warmth and emotional...
Words: 608 - Pages: 3
...No Escape: The Polish Genocide of World War II Still, the Polish people were willing to fight for their freedom. Within the ghetto at Warsaw, the Jewish Fighter Organization (in Polish, the Z.P.B.) was created as a means for the young displaced people to fight back against the exterminations which were going on in Poland. Many younger Jews held in Warsaw dressed in disguise as SS, many tried to hide and/or escape. The entirety of Warsaw was burned down in the subsequent battle against actual Nazi soldiers, and all offenders were either killed on the spot, or shipped off to death camps for their crimes. It is possible that this attempted uprising made even larger targets (if such a thing were possible) of the Polish people in the...
Words: 1258 - Pages: 6
...child live a life of slavery. Toni Morrison uses ghosts and the supernatural to create an enhanced acceptance of the human condition and the struggled survival of the Black American. The novel is set in Ohio in the 1880's. The Civil War had been won, slavery had been abolished, however, the memories of slavery still remain. Although the story itself is fictional, the novel is based on real events. The events are based on the trial in Cincinnati of Margaret Garner, who with her husband, and seventeen other slaves (Kentuckian) crossed the Ohio where they supposedly found safe shelter. When it was discovered that they had been pursued and surrounded, and her husband overpowered, Margaret knew that any hope of freedom was in vain. She refused to see her children taken back into slavery. Without delay, Margaret quickly took hold of a butcher's knife which was laid on a table and cut the throat of her young daughter. She then attempted to kill her other children as well, then herself, but she was overpowered and held back before she could follow through. She was arrested and put on trial on the grounds that the child she killed was the legal property of the owner. In Beloved, when a new proprietor takes over Sweet Home (the slave farm), Sethe, escapes the brutal beatings she now endures in an attempt to go from Kentucky to Ohio. When the previous owner of Sweet home, Mr. Garner, had the farm, he was kind to his slaves and believed...
Words: 2464 - Pages: 10
