...The Involvement of Fritz Grobba in Iraq during the Interwar Years Sören Meier-Klodt 201103442 22.12.2014 Word Count: 4876 The Involvement of Fritz Grobba in Iraq during the Interwar Years The personage of Fritz Grobba in the mechanisms of Iraq nationalist aspirations and fascist movements is controversial to say the least. The British, tainted with years of influence and covert action themselves, to this day, claim that the doings of Mr. Grobba had a fundamental part in uprooting the peace in Iraq during the war years and that he played an important role in destabilizing the Iraq government and leading anti British sentiment during the inter-war years during his stationing in Baghdad. Grobba himself who in his work, Männer und Mächte im Orient, claims that he did not commit any such actions contested this. He goes onto to argue that it was in-fact the British that were the main conspirators of any covert political actions that led to both the destabilization of Iraq which indirectly also led to the rise of National sentiments that had at their heart an anti British Agenda. To this day this question remains of Importance, as the question of German involvement and the seeding of propaganda for the Hitler Reich and for Nationalism would have had an implicit role in creating the Farhud massacre of 1941 of the Jewish population in Iraq. If there exists such a correlation the descendants of the Jewish victims would have the right to compensation and would officially...
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...Subsequently, in the Nazi culture, Hitler conveys the principle of Lebensraum, meaning “living space”. Behind this concept, the culture negatively influences the living space of the Jews, through restrictions and even destruction, in order to retriever back what they believe is “their” land, causing the Jewish population to suffer through these boundaries and change. The Nazi culture persuades a whole nation into reclaiming Germany’s “proper” territory from the Jews. The loss of home and business leads to the sense of suffering, and by doing so, they removed the Jews from their residence, restricting them from their setting. In 1935, Germany passed a new law; Jews were no longer citizens, losing all their rights. Jews were expected to forfeit all their...
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...Russia respectively and sharpened class-consciousness (the idea of lower, middle and upper classes) and increased ethnic tensions, severely weakening the social fabric of many nations. Fascism, in part, was also the result of a reaction by the middle classes against the perceived communist threat caused by the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia in 1917. Fascism was the most severe reaction to the post-war political, social and national crisis. The First World War also had a positive significance on the rise of fascism. The survivors of the ‘lost generation,’ (the survivors of the First World War) had become disillusioned and embittered, and were attracted to the direct-action approach of fascist paramilitary organisations. This increased influence of the state, which assumed greater powers through massive orders for munitions and the control of consumption in many combatant nations, in turn influencing the rise of the fascist movement. The impact of hostilities transformed the fringe subculture of fascism into a virulent political form in inter-war Europe. A whole generation of young men lost their lives in the trenches...
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...Anti-Semitism is defined as a racial term meaning the negative belief and emotions about “Jews qua Jews” (Newman, 2010, p. 15). Anti-Semitism dates back to 70.C.E where the ancient rebellious Hebrews “exhausted the patience of their Roman masters”, lost their homes and were spread through the Mediterranean lands (Botwinick, 2014, p. 4). Jews were always outcasts to Christians because the Jews denied that Jesus was the “messianic son of God” which therefore added more tension when it was believed that Jews killed Jesus (Botwinick, 2014, p. 5). The Holocaust also known as the “Catastrophe, the Sho’ah, is one of the tragic periods of “Jewish Diaspora” (Keter Books, 1974, p. 1) It started between 1933 and 1945 in Europe. It first started with discrimination...
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...there was much bloodshed. Countless innocent Jewish lives were taken by the Nazi army. The Holocaust was the planned extermination of all Jews in order to create the perfect race, known as “The Aryan Race”. The Nazi army killed off many that were not of German blood, and also killed the Germans who were physically and mentally disabled. Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933 and committed many acts of violence during his reign .The main reasons for the Holocaust were: The Treaty of Versailles, The Weimar Republic, and Anti- Semitism. Each of the following are major factors, which lead to the uprising of the holocaust. One cause of the Holocaust was the Treaty of Versailles, which was a Peace treaty between...
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...World War II. Two men were able to fill Italy's and Germany's need for a strong leader, Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini. Both men were able to gain the trust of their people through their public speech campaigns. Their combined ambitions drove Italy and Germany on a quest to conquer the rest of Europe and become the two most powerful nations. Hitler and Mussolini both respected each other and their goals and decided to form and alliance. With the combined forces of Italy and Germany, and later Japan, Hitler and Mussolini led their nations to a war to conquer...
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...Word count= 2000 Word count= 2000 World War Two (WW2) and the situation it created within Germany saw the creation of two rival political systems which were influenced by rival foreign powers. In this aspect, it can be seen as the key turning point in German political systems. When Germany at the end of WW2 was conquered and occupied by the allies between the years 1945-1949 (point zero), the subsequent rift between the capitalist allies (Britain, France and America) and the communist allies (Russia) formed two opposing democratic Germany’s; The Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the German Democratic Republic (GDR). This is significant, due to foreign powers controlling Germany’s political system, as well as the departure from Sonderweg, meaning Germany no longer followed a unique path of development and that nationalism and militarism were on the decline. The significance of the previous German eras, Kaiser Reich (Semi-Autocratic Empire), Weimar Republic (Federal Democracy) and the Third Reich (Dictatorship) are also significant, however in political terms they are not as significant as post 45. The significances of post 1945 can be seen by its success of creating a working democracy in Germany after 1945, the FRG. One reason why the FRG was successful revolves around the sudden decline in German militarism and nationalism. This is evident in the fact that the FRG’s constitution was based on the Weimar Republics concept of ‘Grundgesetz’, which means basic law. The implications...
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...overall 53% (Hitler had 36%), but gave the chancellor spot to Adolf to promote political balance. At this point, things start to change dramatically in Germany, such as the form of government changing to a de facto legal dictatorship, and basic rights suspended. These basic rights included disarming citizens, constant control and regulation of the population, and the restriction of negative speech against the government and military. By 1933, not only was the Nazi party the only legal political party in Germany, but Germany also had removed itself from the League of Nations. The next year, the German military collectively killed Paul von Hindenburg, and the cabinet of the German government changed it to where the chancellor would be the head of the country. With this promotion, Adolf became the Commander of the Armed Forces. Also with this promotion, Adolf began his strive for a utopian society, starting no drinking and anti-smoking campaigns throughout the country, as well as veganism. Following this, Adolf and his Nazi regime start to create regulations, mainly against Jews. On April 1, 1933, Adolf implemented a national boycott of...
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...The Forbidden Sign The Swastika most known as the Nazi emblem was used in different religious and other group for thousands of years. This symbol was once a sign of good fortune nowaday it is shamedapone to draw one or do anything to represent it. It was adopted by German Nationalist after world war one which later on became the nazi party it stood for Racially pure ( Holocaust memorial museum) . The swastika was used a sign of good fortune in Hinduism, Buddhism, and jainism. In twelfth century Europe it was widely used a sign of good luck and wisdom ( Holocaust Memorial museum ). Until Hitler rose to power in 1920 and made the swastika know as it still is today as a reminder of this terrible time in world history. The symbol can know...
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...World War II Research The First World War started the decline of European power all over the world. At the end of the war, social equality, and joint defenses seemed to conquest however this optimism did not survive. The weakness of new democracy and the Great Depression pushed the continent back into war. Germany's Weimar Republic, born on November 9, 1918, in Berlin could not please the conquered people of Germany following World War I. German’s were fuming about the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles, which provided that Germany restore lands to other countries, admit accountability for starting the war, and return war criminals to the Allies. Large cash payments for the damages made were to be paid to the Allies. The Treaty of Versailles sternly limited Germany’s military. The Republic signed the treaty on June 28, 1919 from that day forward the German people viewed the Weimar Republic as a two-timing government for having signed a contract of terms they believed to be unreasonable and degrading. The United States stock market crash in 1929 was the final straw that set the world into a depression. A depression is a severe economic turndown marked by sharp declines in income and production as buying and selling slow down to a crawl (Kishlansky, 2008). The predicament of the United States rippled all the way through world markets. The U.S. Congress passed the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act in 1930 which shaped an unfathomable toll against agricultural and manufactured imports...
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...there was an economic crisis that was sweeping through Europe. Fascism and Nazism was two familiar totalitarian regimes that was able to arise from Germany and Italy. In Germany, the National socialist party was conducted by Adolf Hitler, while Benito Mussolini conducted the fascist party in Italy. Italy and Germany’s future was based on the education in the schools, since education played an important role between these two nations. The people’s image of Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler as two leaders was profoundly the important factors to their popularity. The most essential tool that was allowed in both countries and played a very important role in both political parties was propaganda, which gave both parties the ability to influence the perspectives of the people to their partiality. Italy and Germany are two natural allies, but however they are both different from each other and can be connected in many salutations. “Largo ai Giovani”, Italian for "make way for the young" (Clayton, 2009) was just one of the mottos that was used by Benito Mussolini’s regime. Mussolini’s saying highlights one of the most important aspects during the Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany’s education system. The education system in both countries was not just used for learning but also was the key element to creating their future soldiers. The education system had another important element and that was the presence of the after school movements that went on among the youth. The role of females are...
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...AS History – Essay on the Persecution of the Jews How accurate is it to say that the persecution of Jews in Germany steadily increased in the years 1933-42? The question of whether or not the persecution of Jewish race has had a steady intensification, relates closely to whether you adopt an intentionalist or structuralist viewpoint on this historical event. An intentionalist will claim that the process of persecuting Jews in Germany is a planned sequence and was outlined by the Nazi Party; they claim that the roots of Hitler’s politics was about eliminating the Jewish race from Germany and the evidence can be found in Mein Kampf. On the other hand, structuralist historians will claim that the persecution of the Jews was never planned and it was improvised all the way through to the Holocaust; furthermore, they will state that the Nazi’s did not come to power based on policies towards the Jews as the electorate was never as enthusiastic as Hitler was about this.Although it increased it was more gradual than steady, It did increase but there were times where it stopped, but it was at a very low key when not much attention was taken towards the situation. However, in 1938 when the Nazi’s had invaded Austria and Sudetenland, there was more of an increase in persecution of Jews. In the year 1933, the Boycott of Jewish businesses and professional offices, the exclusion of Jews from civil service as well as the Quota for non-Aryan students occurred serving the purpose of isolating...
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...Adolf Hitler (German: [ˈadɔlf ˈhɪtlɐ]; 20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party (NSDAP), Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer ("leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. He was effectively dictator of Nazi Germany, and was a central figure of World War II in Europe and the Holocaust. Hitler was a decorated veteran of World War I. He joined the precursor of the NSDAP, the German Workers' Party, in 1919 and became leader of the NSDAP in 1921. In 1923, he attempted a coup in Munich to seize power. The failed coup resulted in Hitler's imprisonment, during which time he dictated his autobiography and political manifesto Mein Kampf ("My Struggle"). After his release in 1924, Hitler gained popular support by attacking the Treaty of Versailles and promoting Pan-Germanism, anti-Semitism, and anti-communism with charismatic oratory and Nazi propaganda. Hitler frequently denounced international capitalism and communism as being part of a Jewish conspiracy. Hitler's Nazi Party became the largest elected party in the German Reichstag, leading to his appointment as chancellor in 1933. Following fresh elections won by his coalition, the Reichstag passed the Enabling Act, which began the process of transforming the Weimar Republic into Nazi Germany, a one-party dictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocratic ideology of National Socialism. Hitler aimed to eliminate Jews from Germany and establish a...
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...II, Mussolini, the Abyssinia crisis, Spanish civil war, and its influence on Nazism aided Fascism in causing World War II. Fascism did not start from nothing. Benito Mussolini...
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...1. TO WHAT EXTENT WAS THE RISE TO POWER OF HITLER AND THE THIRD REICH, THE RESULT OF PREVIOUS POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS? Introduction Paragraph: Hitler was able to become Germany’s chancellor in 1933 and after 6 months he was already able to establish a dictatorship. It is surprising how such an abominable personage was able to gain total control over Germany, which had been able to become a democratic republic. As Kershaw stated, “the future of Weimar looked promising. And without the onset of the world economic crisis from 1929 it might have remained so”. Thesis: The rise to power of Hitler and the Third Reich was to a large extent the result of previous political and economic problems, such as Germany’s authoritarian origins, the minimum support the Weimar Republic had, WWI and the Great Depression. Body Paragraph 1 – Political and social structure of German authoritarian origins Germany had always favored nationalism, militarism, and anti-Semitism; all emotions in the German people that went back to Germany’s roots and history. Before the Third Reich and the Weimar Republic, Germany lived a prosperous period known as the Second Reich, during which they became a great empire due to the authoritarian traditions and the military success. This is a view extremely supported by the “structuralists”, who believe that Nazism and Hitler were simply products of German history and that they were forces that still dominated...
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