...What effects exactly do fairy tales have on children? In some stories, how come it is okay to get away with murder and still be the good guy? In “The Struggle For Meaning,” Bruno Bettelheim explains the psychoanalytical effect of fairy tales on children going through changes and struggles of growing up. Bettelheim provides analysis on how fairy tales like Hansel and Gretel offer children with support such as getting rid of separation anxiety and death anxiety, thematically prevalent in many stories. Separation anxiety is the natural unease a child feels when separated from a parental figure and death anxiety is the fear of death and detachment. While Bettelheim successfully describes how fairy tales provide a way for children to subconsciously battle their inner anxieties, more can be said about these developmental effects through the story of Hansel and Gretel. Bettelheim delves into the psychoanalytical aspect of fairy tales and their impact on the growth of children. He first introduces our innate desire to find meaning in life and the role fairy tales play in the lives of children as they attempt to understand this meaning and the world around them. Bettelheim suggests that “literature carries information best” (324), especially fairy tales which “stimulate imagination [and] help to develop intellect and clarify emotions” (325). Fairy tales enrich development subconsciously in children when they are most developmentally vulnerable and, as a result, assess real life situations...
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...changes in the structure of the family stemming from women’s changing position in the society, the changing sexual division of labour and the increasing rates of separation / divorce. • The developmental status of students who are in the process of separating and establishing themselves as autonomous individuals. What are the different types of family difficulties? Autonomy struggles in conflicted families Students’ internal conflicts about becoming independent may have special intensity and meaning when their families are divided and hence insecure. Students then may fear to become autonomous and disrupt the family further. Autonomy struggles usually manifest themselves in crises centered around academic performance - the most obvious avenue to independence at this life stage. For example, a student’s ambivalence about detaching him / herself from home may be expressed as a fear of success. They may be fully able to succeed, want to do so, and at the same time feel that they are “needed” at home. Their role as focus of parental conflict may block them in attempts to achieve. Students who have been forced to comply with the wishes of a controlling parent may express their autonomy struggles in crises of will, such as loss of motivation, absenteeism and so on. Difficulties stemming from loss Parental death, separation / divorce, and disabling illness...
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...Anxiety (Symptoms of anxiety and the appropriate treatments): Anxiety Vs Phobia Phobia is a kind of anxiety What is anxiety? It refers to several disorders that cause nervousness, fear, apprehension, and worrying. In particular, it arises when something is out of a person's expectation in certain situation. * very common * mild (give rise to slight unsettling) * severe (Can interfere a person's ability or daily behavior ==> disorder) Common disorders concerning anxiety: * Generalized Anxiety Disorder(non-specific) * Phobia (avoidance of certain objects) * Social Anxiety Disorder * Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (need certain actions to relieve their anxiety) * Separation Anxiety Disorder(form a place or person) * Post-traumatic Stress Disorder(from previous trauma) Symptoms of anxiety: * symptoms can vary from adult to children, male to female, person to person as well. **anxiety symptoms are symptoms and sensation of stress, instead of harbingers of something more serious Process of anxiety: When we are anxious, our body changes how it functions (fight or...
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...Hope After Marital Infidelity Bridget McCarthy Liberty University Abstract This research paper touches on the red flags and precursors to marital infidelity. Exploring how factors such as family of origin and faulty thinking can be the breeding grounds for a future adulterer. Also, included is the favorable possibility of restoration and renewal built on the truth of God, despite the world’s inclination toward marital suicide. Introduction Marital infidelity can be one of the most heart wrenching experiences, sometimes leaving the betrayed in a state of hopelessness. It can bring about mental illness, depression and/or suicidal thoughts. A marriage can be restored if both pursue dealing with the red flags that were present before the marriage bed was defiled. Both need to look into the conflicts they both contend with, individually and together. Marital infidelity is a consequence of unresolved struggles. The affair door is left open to deal with conflicts in the fantasy that the grass is always greener on the other side. A couple can become healthy again if they understand the root of their discontent, replacing lies they have come to believe with devotion and commitment; seeing their spouse with understanding and forgiveness. This can allow the relationship to be a place of emotional safety. And, they can reap the benefits of that foundational trust. Pre-Affair No one couple is exempt from experiencing marital infidelity. It is estimated that roughly 30...
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...Affects of Multiple Deployments on Military Service Members and Families during Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF): Time Period 2001-2012 Gina Pagano-Briglin, MSW University of the Incarnate Word 3 December 2012 I. Introduction Since September 11, 2001, there have been significant changes in the security measures of air travel, financial security, but one of the most significant changes is that of military operations. The United States began combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan on October 7, 2001 in response to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks officially referred to as Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). Since October 2001, about 1.9 million service members have been deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq (Asbury & Martin, 2011). OEF/OIF has many unique features with regard to the military forces being sent to fight oversees. The all-volunteer military has experienced multiple deployments to the combat areas, with an increased use of the National Guard and Reserve Components, higher numbers of deployed women and parents of young children, and increases in the number of service members surviving severe injuries and other side effects from combat (Shaw & Hector, 2010). Service members may be subjected to more than one deployment. Studies show that overall about 40% of current military service members have been deployed more than once, with over one quarter serving...
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...Kenya Association of Professional Counsellors Diploma in Counselling Studies Title Describe the four major theories of counselling: Psychodynamic, Cognitive Behavioural, Behavioural and Humanistic with reference to relevant literature (3000 words). Student: asdfdsf Date: 28th May, 2014 Words: 3097 Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Key Figures 4 Basic Assumptions and Key Concepts 7 Therapy – goals, clinical relationship and techniques 10 Conclusion 14 Appendix A – References 16 Introduction This essay will present and contrast the workings of the three major theories of counselling psychology mainly – psychodynamic, cognitive behavioural and person-centred. First I will describe what psychology is and what counselling entails, then I will explain why there are different schools of thought around counselling psychology, before introducing each in turn. My discussion will examine the three theories or approaches for a history of the founder and a rationale for why they were led to introducing a new therapy approach and a sketch of the key concepts. Further, I will look at methods and processes employed by each theory, the respective roles played by the therapist and the client and the various situations to which the theory can be applied. Finally I will examine the limitations of the theory...
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...Kenya Association of Professional Counsellors Diploma in Counselling Studies Title Describe the four major theories of counselling: Psychodynamic, Cognitive Behavioural, Behavioural and Humanistic with reference to relevant literature (3000 words). Student: asdfdsf Date: 28th May, 2014 Words: 3097 Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Key Figures 4 Basic Assumptions and Key Concepts 7 Therapy – goals, clinical relationship and techniques 10 Conclusion 14 Appendix A – References 16 Introduction This essay will present and contrast the workings of the three major theories of counselling psychology mainly – psychodynamic, cognitive behavioural and person-centred. First I will describe what psychology is and what counselling entails, then I will explain why there are different schools of thought around counselling psychology, before introducing each in turn. My discussion will examine the three theories or approaches for a history of the founder and a rationale for why they were led to introducing a new therapy approach and a sketch of the key concepts. Further, I will look at methods and processes employed by each theory, the respective roles played by the therapist and the client and the various situations to which the theory can be applied. Finally I will examine the limitations of the theory...
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...There is much to be learned about the ins and outs of sleep such as how much it provides for the body and the brain and how to best manage a person’s ability to “sleep well”. Examining sleep from a parent’s perspective is something I never thought about before. However, I know first-hand how proper sleep, and lack of proper sleep may affect children’s behavior. I clearly recall being in the hospital when my oldest was only a day old, walking the floors trying to soothe him to sleep. Even now, at four, he still wakes in the middle of the night and comes down the hall to my room. My two-year old daughter is better with her sleep. However, she began climbing out of her crib just after turning two and we made the move to a toddler bed shortly after. It is quite a challenge for her to fall asleep; when she does, she does not stay in her room and wakes up during the night. It occurs to me that my son has never learned to become a good sleeper and it has affected many areas of his life. He is often tired but refuses to sleep; he is cranky and quick to show emotions in extremes with very large tantrums. These symptoms are more contained and less noticeable when he sleeps through the night and/or goes to sleep at a reasonable time. Similarly, my daughter refuses to sleep and misses naps, or has shortened them considerably when she does nap. We observed that after a night of multiple waking, and/or short or missed naps, she will have what we have learned are possibly Night Terrors...
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...Family Counseling Approach Research Gestalt Family Therapy Gretchen Thomas Liberty University Abstract Not every client will be of the Christian faith. With that known, proper integration of psychology, spirituality and theology is imperative to have a successful and healthy therapeutic relationship. There are many theorists with distinctively diverse approaches. The Gestalt experiential family therapy process allows professionals the flexibility to individualize their procedures while maintaining an unyielding theoretical background. The way one views integration has a lot to do with their worldview, which determines their use or lack of use of spiritual methods in counseling as well as help the professional deal with on-Christian counselees. This manuscript provides a synopsis of the history of the Gestalt experiential family therapy framework, the leading figures, and in conclusion an overview of how a personal worldview interacts with the Gestalt theory. keywords: Gestalt, integration, experiential family therapy, worldview Family Counseling Approach Research Gestalt Family Therapy Introduction The experiential model or experiential approach to family therapy has many innovators. The symbolic experiential approach pioneered by Carl Whitaker highlights how the therapist provides counselees different ways to accept and deal with issues (Goldenberg and Goldenberg, 2013). Satir (1967) emphasizes the importance...
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...How to have a Healthy Relationship: Marriage and Family A research paper on how to have a healthy relationship 2014 Philippine Women’s University Prepared by: Abu-Aisha, Najeeb Madera, Alyssa Mae P. Resurreccion, Jr. Rodel A. Galang, Isabella How to have a Healthy Relationship: Marriage and Family A research paper on how to have a healthy relationship Contents Introduction p.3 Chapter 1 FAMILY OF ORIGIN IN-LAWS, OUTLAWS AND MOVING ON p.4 Chapter 2 Healthy Relationships/Effective Communication p.5 Chapter 3 DEALING WITH CONFLICT p.12 Conclusion—Marriage is a Good for Society p.14 Bibliography p.15 INTRODUCTION Someone once said that marriage is the riskiest activity taken on by the greatest number of people in our society. In western society half of marriages are expected to end in divorce. This book is a compact, concise and informative guide for couples who want to save or strengthen their marriage and relationship. The content is based on over fifteen years’ experience in relationship counselling and in mental health and social research. It aims to provide psychological and social insights that will enable readers to transform, consolidate and most importantly enjoy their marriage and relationship. There can be no doubt that the core social and personal challenge of our time is how to make loving, permanent marriage work for ourselves and our children. It is the married couple who provide...
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...Caplan is attempting to convey that there will always be boundaries created by nature that humans might not ever overcome, but is the quest to overcoming these boundaries unnatural? This is essential in understanding how human enhancement could advance humankind because if no boundaries are crossed, there would be no advancement. Finally, human enhancement should be supported because it could promote a better quality of life. From Lasik surgery in order to improve eyesight without the hassle of wearing glasses and contacts to medication to treat or help manage diseases such as ADHD, human enhancements exist in order to make life easier for that individual. One of the major disabilities that affects most of the population is depression. It is a common mental disorder that affects more than 350 million people from around the world regardless of age, race, social status, or demographic (“Depression”, 2012). This mental disorder affects individuals and eventually controls their lives. From not being able to go to work and social outings to no longer being able to function as a normal person in society, depression is able to change someone’s life drastically and ending many as well. However, there are effective treatments to battle depression such as therapy and anti-depressants. Without this technology, many who suffer from depression and anxiety would have an incredibly hard time functioning on a day-to-day basis. Another prime example of the use of human enhancement using mind altering...
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...1 Evidence-Based Counseling Interventions With Children of Divorce: Implications for Elementary School Counselors Marianne E. Connolly Johns Hopkins University Eric J. Green The Chicago School of Professional Psychology Evidence-Based Counseling 2 Abstract Parental divorce has become increasingly common for large numbers of families in schools (Lamden, King, & Goldman, 2002). This article addresses the effects of divorce on children and protective factors supporting their adjustment. Evidence-based interventions for children of divorce in elementary school counseling programs are discussed. School-based consultation, the Children of Divorce Intervention Program, and the Children’s Support Group are three evidence-based practices described. Implications for schools counselors are provided to help integrate research findings and practice. Evidence-Based Counseling 3 Evidence-Based Counseling Interventions With Children of Divorce: Implications for Elementary School Counselors Children of divorce comprise a significant portion of the U.S. school population. Each year in the United States, more than one million children experience parental divorce (U.S. Census Bureau, 2000). Projections indicate that by age 18, approximately 40% of children will experience their parents’ divorce. Because divorce affects a significant number of children, a body of empirical literature has emerged addressing its impact (Amato, 2001; Amato & Keith, 1991; Hipke...
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...The Scars of War Lou Hampton United States History 1763-1877 September 18, 2012 During the 1840s and 1850s, great change was coming to America. Northerners lived in a world of change in which they hardly understood. Their confusions and anxieties of that world made them ready for conflict. However, it was not completely clear what they were fighting for. The war wiped away their confusions and revealed to them where they stood and defined what kind of people they might be. Social and economic changes were happening as the North headed toward war. The economy accelerated, increased output, generated more wealth, moved products and people at faster speeds, transmitted information more rapidly and linked distant places by rail, telegraph and newspapers. New inventions, industries and products had sprung to life. The population multiplied six fold and the amount and size of cities were continuing their growth. There were 400 places with over 2,500 people. Swelling its possibilities, the nation expanded in size when in 1845 Texas joined the Union. Another factor in the nation’s growth was in 1846 when the Oregon territorial boundary was settled. The sudden economic growth was not as beneficial as it seemed. Per capita wealth was growing but there was a decline in actual wages. The North controlled about 92 percent of the wealth. This helped fuel sectionalism because the Southerners became afraid that they would lose their own culture and power in Congress. This...
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...The research register for this journal is available at http://www.mcbup.com/research_registers The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at http://www.emerald-library.com/ft Journal of Managerial Psychology 16,7 534 Received September 2000 Revised May 2001 Accepted May 2001 Resistance to organisational change: the role of defence mechanisms Wayne H. Bovey Bovey Management (Certified Consultants), Queensland, Australia Andrew Hede University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia Keywords Organizational change, Resistance, Defence, Humour Abstract Observes that the published literature on resistance to organisational change has focused more on organisational issues rather than individual psychological factors. The present study investigated the role of both adaptive and maladaptive defence mechanisms in individual resistance. Surveys were conducted in nine organisations undergoing major change and responses were obtained from 615 employees. The results indicate that five maladaptive defence mechanisms are positively correlated with behavioural intention to resist change, namely, projection, acting out, isolation of affect, dissociation and denial. The adaptive defence mechanism of humour was found to be negatively correlated with resistance intention. Identifies two intervention strategies which can be used by management to address the effects of defence mechanisms on resistance during periods of change in organisations. Journal...
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...Parenting and the different ways it can affect children’s lives: research evidence Policy-makers and commentators often blame ‘bad parenting’ for children’s and young people’s troublesome behaviour. What can research tell us about the influence of parenting, especially the parent-child relationships in millions of ‘ordinary’ families? This paper: ■ Summarises findings from seven reviews of existing research that were commissioned by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation to inform its own Parenting Research and Development programme. ■ Considers parenting from the perspectives of mothers, fathers and children themselves, as well as those of black and minority ethnic parents and families living in poverty with restricted access to support services Editor: David Utting August 2007 www.jrf.org.uk Key points ■ Differences in child temperament, among other factors, demonstrate that flexible, adaptable parenting is more likely to be effective than a ‘one size fits all’ approach. ■ The quality of parent-child relationships shows considerable stability over time. Some dimensions of parenting are important in children’s lives irrespective of age, especially whether relationships are warm and supportive or marked by conflict. ■ Warm, authoritative and responsive parenting is usually crucial in building resilience. Parents who develop open, participative communication, problemcentred coping, confidence and flexibility tend to manage stress well and help their families...
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