...Kawthar Elwaseem DBQ Throughout history geographic features had significantly influenced both the development and growth of early civilizations. One of the main geographic features that had greatly impacted early civilizations was rivers. Rivers such as the Nile, Tigris, and Euphrates, not only resulted in positive affects but also negative. Two such civilizations were Egypt and Mesopotamia. Egypt's early civilization was developed near the Nile river which flows to the Mediterranean sea .The Nile was a positive geographic feature because it helped nourish the cattle’s, brought work, and trade to the people with other civilization which lead to culture diffusion. Another positive part of the Nile would be farming. 8,000 years ago men learned to farm, which provided people with a faster way to get food because farmers were able to use the Nile to water their crops. In addition the Nile flooded once a year causing massive destruction and killing thousands of people and if that wasn’t enough many people later...
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... On the other hand, The Inca Empire was centered in Peru which ruled most of the west coast of South America. They created a society where everyone had a job, a home, and food to eat. The emperor of the Incans was known as the Sapa Inca. Manco Capac was the first Sapa Inca. Later on, the Inca expanded under the reign of Pachacuti having a population over 10 million people. The Spanish captured Incas bringing civil war and disease, such as smallpox that killed most of the Native American population. After the fall of the Aztec and Inca Empires, that’s when Native Americans were forced to convert to Christianity by the members of the Franciscan. Overall, the American Middle Ages ended when Christopher Columbus arrived to discover this New World. Europeans were full of discoveries. During European Middle Ages, New Sciences were introduced creating Salons. In these Salons, women gathered together, who formed a very important part of the European public, to socialize and share their knowledge among one another. Salons were formed because women were not allowed to attend French universities to further their studies. Later on, New Science lead to the discovery of vacuums for condensing steam which then lead to the invention of steam engines. Thomas Newcomen was known for building the first steam engine to draw water from coal mine shafts. These steam engines changed the way people worked by creating new jobs, drawing them to urban centers. New Science did not only led to new inventions...
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...the same situation. Before, China was ahead of everyone and was perfectly capable of dominance, but Europe managed to gain prominence. This is because China saw themselves as superior and viewed Western goods as inferior. Ultimately, this meant they rejected new technology and ideas causing them to become isolated. No new intellectual breakthroughs and internal disorder caused the Qing dynasty to decay. The emperors grew weak and the economy began to stagnate. In the end, failure to accept new ideas from the West caused China to become inferior. The factors that delayed all these countries were very similar. None of them showed an interest to grow in knowledge and technology except the West. This is why the Europe eventually dominated the world with the scientific and industrial revolution. ...
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...direction of two campaigns, the first under Abbot Olderic used a reddish sandstone quarried from Combret in the Dourdou valley constructed the lower part of the apse and subsequent smaller apses on the site of a 1oth century basilica Abbot Etienne II. He used a popular at the time yellow limestone, as it was considered the sandstone was too friable. Plan: Central crossing at traversing axis articulated by a tower 2 towers on front representative of the passing through a barrier or gate to salvation, strong threshold protecting sacred zones and those who need protecting The exterior: The subject of the Apocalypse was popular in the Romanesque churches, as the end of the world was thought to have been the year 1000. These churches built within one-hundred years of that date, the looming fear of the end of the world was still fresh on Christian’s minds, who continued to worry that it could happen at any time. ...
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...Have you ever wondered why Africa’s trade was so successful and popular, and how they did it? Mali and Swahili City-States are on the complete opposite ends of Africa, with Mali being on the western side and Swahili City-States being on the eastern side. Not only was the height of their trading in the 14th century, but they were the most successful trading regions of that time. The factors that enabled Mali and Swahili City-States to become successful were that they both had a government-controlled currency, efficient transportation, and controlled trade routes. The first factor that helped both sides be successful in trade was having a government-controlled currency. In Thomas Kenning’s article about trade in Africa, he explains that, “All gold was immediately handed over to the imperial treasury in return for an equal value of gold dust.”(Kenning). By the government controlling the amount of goods, they can take back the goods if they have low demand, while they can bring more out if they have high demand. This helped the economy so that there wouldn’t be as much scarcity and inflation. In Maria Jose Noain Maura’s picture of a currency artifact, it describes, “Coin minted in Kilwa by the 14th-century” (Maura). Creating a common currency simplified all the trades while also increasing the amount of trades going through, therefore improving the economy. It was also helpful to people because even if they didn’t have the goods the merchant or trader was looking for, they can still...
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...Before Muhammad the arabian peninsula had farmers and pastoral nomads. They lived in small population, but later learned more about other countries like Africa,India, and Persians to trade. Arabs later move to live in the center of trade routes, by the third century b.c.e.,they took control over the trade caverns to control the supplies. While the religion of Islam was spreading, Muhammad’s purpose was to address people about Allah/god and tell people about his message. The Jews and Christians did not believe in Muhammad’s words The silimilatilty between India, Anatolia, West Africa, and Spain is that most of their population converted to islam, but the difference is the interaction with islam. Around the 1000 the turkish invaded India and...
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...Between the time periods of 1700 to 1900, reasons for migrations differentiated from region to region, but also some changed within their own region throughout that time period. Such as the migration of the European people to the Americas, due to imperialism, starvation, and industrialization. Also, the migration of the African people to the Americas, due to the beginning and end of slave trade. However, when the Europeans migrated over to Africa and Asia, they colonized and conquered territories. During the 18th century, migration of the European people into the Americas was mostly based around imperialism. European countries felt the need to expand and colonize, such as Great Britain, which had many colonies along the east coast of North America. Additionally, Spain colonized the Caribbean and also areas in South America. However, when the Africans came over to the Americas, they did not come over willingly. African men were taken against their will to be sold in the Atlantic Slave Trade to work in colonies. These slaves would work in terrible conditions on sugar and cotton plantations. On the other hand, the Europeans that traveled to Africa were not interested in capturing more slaves, but were more interested in their raw materials. Like the other European countries in the Americas, the Dutch secured territories around Batavia and worked to secure a monopoly over spices in Asia. However, once the 1800’s began, reasons for travel began to change. Around 1845, there was...
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...1)The Babylonians lack of a real government resulted in them having more immediate punishments such as death, the loss of a tooth, or having a hand cut off. The Babylonians did not have trials, and the problems were dealt between two people. The state used volunteers for public works as they had the people take care of their own dykes and canals, laws made it such that you were responsible for your dyke and if you did not take good care of it, then you would face punishment. As the government was not able to afford a professional court system for all crimes they had to make it such that the people were able to deal with it most crimes themselves. 2)In Babylonian law, women were protected as they had the right to leave their marriage. In the Jewish religion women were not able to be sold off after marriage. It came off as the women only had something to do with the law through marriage and the men they were associated with. It can easily be seen that both societies were patriarchal because in Babylonian law if a women if accused of sleeping with another man, but she has not slept with him, she must throw herself into the river for her husband's sake, this shows that women were expected to do things for the betterment of their husband. This can also be seen in Jewish law as there is a law saying that if a man says he has not been sleeping laying with that women, and the women cannot prove that he has, the word of the man is taking and she would have been pelted with rocks. Both...
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...and so Frederick would have resisted his enslavement. He was willing to risk getting punished by his master for not getting him his money. Enslaved people resist their enslavement by running away. This is historically significant because they were willing to risk their lives to resist their enslavement. According to the Daily Picayune, “I purchased him on the 28th October last, from Bernard Kendig, and he ran away on the 25th November following.” This shows how slaves ran away quickly from their plantations; which shows how much they hated their enslavement to the point that they were willing to risk their lives in order to get away from their enslavement. This is outside evidence that can be found in Runaway slaves, written by NY History, “Running away carried heavy risks. If runaways were caught, they would be physically punished, usually by whipping, and might be made to wear chains or handcuffs to prevent them from running again.”. This shows us how the slaves would get punished if caught, by running away, that runs the risk that if they were caught they would be forced to go back to their plantations in even harsher and more difficult conditions. They knew this and were willing to risk cruel and severe punishment for the chance of freedom from their enslavement. In conclusion, slaves had resisted their enslavement by using various ways such as fighting back, refusing to work, and by running away, which is historically significant because it affected millions and is...
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...Throughout history, aspects of government, ways of life, and ideas are always changing. An enduring issue that has existed overtime is inequity that affected people during the warring states period and slaves in Rome and people in Central and South Asia. Inequity still continues to be an issue today because of unfair wages and treatment and unequal opportunity. For example, this is seen in Document 1: The Indian Caste System; this is also shown in Document 4: Slavery and the Slave Trade in Rome. The Roman Empire’s economy relied heavily on slaves, unfair labor because 20% of the entire empire was slaves. Document 4 portrays this by showing that in the mid-to-late 3rd century BC in Rome, there were slaves taken as war captives and were also acquired by piracy, trade, and robbery. This led to as many as 75,000 slaves being taken in the first Punic war. These factors affected slaves overtime, this led to slavery being greatly increased. These outcomes affected slaves because the capturing of slaves increased the slave supply, demanding more slaves and growing slavery overtime, as shown in the next Punic War where almost...
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... In the three decades after the Berlin Conference for Africa (1884-1885), European powers occupied and colonized areas in Africa. While some African tribes did not resist the imperialism with violence others did. The reaction to the scramble for Africa from the Africans varied, some Africans gave in peacefully due the understanding of that the Europeans were superior to them (doc1,2) while another fight back despite the fact that wouldn’t stand a chance against the Europeans weapons.(doc 4,3,5,7,9). Documents 1 and 2 illustrates that the African tribes were given choice to make peace with the Europeans. A letter from Prempeh I to Her Majesty explains that he Ashanti leader denies the British offer of protectorate status. However would like to be “friendly with all white men”. (Doc2). Doc1 also illustrate that Africans had a choice to participate in the matter. The Europeans offered the Africans a contract which seems that they had the choice and that they could have accepted or declined. The compliance of African tribes has come to an end. The Emperor of Ethiopia, Menelik II addresses his letter to Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and Russia explaining to them that he will not stand by and watch them divvy up Ethiopia. (Doc 3). Document 4, (Ndansi Kumalo) explains how the Africans went into submission of the Europeans and continue to their lives how they had done always. However they could not the Europeans treated them harshly and the Africans rebel. Samuel Maherero...
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... Did you know that over 800,000 people living in the United States were slaves? Slaves would be whipped if they didn’t work fast enough or if they tried to run away. They had to be branded before they were sold. Women had limited rights. They could not vote or attend school. Reformers gave speeches and wrote to help get rid of slavery and help women have equal rights. One problem that people faced was slavery. Slaves would be whipped if they weren’t working fast enough. In document 2, and illustration of a slaves’ life was shown and it showed that slaves would get beat and their working conditions were very harsh. People like Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass were abolitionists and helped people escape slavery by creating the Underground Railroad. This was one of many ways that people tried to stop slavery. Using this method, about 100,000 slaves escaped slavery. In document 6, an illustration of the Underground Railroad shows routes that slaves would take to gain freedom. Some places that slaves would escape to are the Bahama’s, Mexico, New York, Pennsylvania, Michigan and many more. Many people believe that Abraham Lincoln ended slavery with the Emancipation Proclamation that was made in 1863 but, slavery didn’t end until 1865 when in was ratified in the Constitution1. Slavery was one of the many problems American Citizens faced in the 1800’s. Another problem that Americans faced was the lack of women’s rights. In document 1, The Declaration of Sentiments...
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...too old had been sent home to be married. The town’s people did not replenish the girls in the school once old ones had left. In this primary source, showed the difference between what the administrator wanted and what the people wanted. As we read through Speech to the North German Regatta Association, by Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany we see that he wants to make great strides in what he believes is best for his people. He paints this picture of the Hanseatic Cities to be larger and freer than any other place out there. He states in his speech, “ in order for us to make friendly conquests whose fruits will be gathered by our descendants” which can be interrupted that he does not plan to use violence or slaves for these conquest. However, history has shown us that nation building according to the textbook (p. 838), “The great questions of the day will not be settled by speeches and majority decisions… but by iron and blood.” So we see that a perspective like Kaiser Wilhelm II appears grand, but the path to get there was similar to the blood shed of empires colonizing. Rudyard Kipling discusses the effects of imperialism in his poem The White Man’s Burden. He tries to express how natives were perceived in the minds of these dominating empires. In the second stanza he says, “To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild—Your new-caught, sullen people half-devil and half child.” This depicts the natives as unruly creatures that needed to be tamed. This type of ruling connects...
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...Japan went through a period of national isolation from the outside world (the “sakoku” period) during the late 1600s. The Tokugawa rulers wanted cultural particularism and they could achieve this by having no contacts abroad, so that Japan could engage in introspection. During the Tokugawa period, knowledge of other countries was rather restricted, but toward the end of this period there were few Japanese who speculated where Japan stood in relation to the West. The general population, however, was ignorant to the significance of other better nations existing and expressed little interest concerning the West. Hirata Atsutane, for example, thought he was certain of Japan’s superiority because of the fact that the sun first shines on Japan each...
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...1815-Napoleon’s empire ended, and nationalism began its rise. Rising nationalism would eventually be a leading cause of World War I. 11. In the 17th century, witchcraft hysteria took hold in England, Scotland, Switzerland, Germany, New England, and various other countries. Many people, mainly old women, were accused of witchcraft with no evidence. In the 1950s, many American people were accused of being communist sympathizers with no evidence. These events mirrored the witchcraft hysteria. 12. In 1648, the Thirty Year’s War ended. The Peace of Westphalia was created, allowing all German states to determine their own religion. 13. In 1699, the Treaty of Karlowitz was created. Austria took control of Hungary, Transylvania, Croatia, and Slovenia. The empire never became centralized due to all of the national groups. Austrian nationalism was a driving force behind World War I. 14. 1697-1698-Peter the Great of Russia visits the west, and decides to ‘westernize’ Russia. Although he brought many great things to Russia, the forceful way with which he introduced these western ideas made many people distrustful of Western civilization. This distrust would never go away, and would fuel the Cold...
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