...Modern society owes much of its origin to a great upheaval in the 18th century, the French Revolution. It was one aspect of a broader pattern of change that, since the Renaissance and Reformation, has set the West on a different path of development from that of the rest of the world. This pattern included the individualism and, in the end, the secularism, that was the Protestant legacy. It also included the rise of science, as a method and as a practice. This culminated in explosive events toward the end of the 18th century. The French Revolution ‘was a phenomenon as awful and irreversible as the first nuclear explosion, and all history has been permanently changed by it.’ The French Revolution is largely regarded as an important event in modern international history because of the way it has had international impact and continued to have international repercussions and influences on society and thought today. This essay will look at different aspects of the French Revolution and discuss how the different components of the revolution have affected the world and the impact of these at the time of the event. For the purposes of this essay the French Revolution will be defined as the insurrection in France that began in 1789 and ended in 1815 with the defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo. The actual dates of the revolution are widely contested but for the purposes of this essay, these dates will be used as a framework. Modern international will be assumed to mean the...
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...The French Revolution started in 1789 and ended in the late 1790’s. It represented a time in history where Napoleon Bonaparte ascended to power and all his escapades occurred. There were many ideas and ideals that influenced the French Revolution that affected the way European power changed and the changed the European nation. Of these ideals and ideal, there was a group of them that all related to each other. Liberty, equity, and fraternity (brotherhood) were statements that were said a lot and usually together during the French Revolution, yet they each had their own meaning and ideals in the overall Revolution. Liberty in the French Revolution was the idea of the citizens not being oppressed, especially from government (“The ideas,” n.d.). During the French Revolution, the King was signing orders that would put citizens in prison without a trial or due process. In order for the French people find liberty from the King and his tyranny and oppression, the French people drew up a new constitution in order to have more freedoms within the country, along with making Napoleon their ruler to remove the king from power. Equity was another ideal that was powerful during the French Revolution. Equity was about having all members of France being represented in all facets of government. During the revolution, the members of the Third Estate wanted to be equal of those in the Second Estate when it came to government representation. By pushing for the equality in government, the Third...
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...The Impact of the Franco- Britain Conflict on Subsequent Events “The global struggle between the French and British Empire influenced certain key events in history from 1750 to 1805. These events including the French and Indian war, by the seven year war, the American Revolution, the French Revolution and it's impact on American domestic and foreign policies, and the Louisiana purchase and it's consequences.” Colonial era diplomacy focused on the European balance of power. The competition between the French and the British often influenced the course of events in the North American colonies. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775 For almost three centuries, the European colonial powers of France and Great Britain, maintained...
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...The French Revolution was a very significant event in the history of France, and in the history of the world. It began in 1789, and lasted until about 1799, when Napoleon Bonaparte named himself head consul of the Directory and took over the French Government. Napoleon then ruled France until 1814, when he was exiled. In the time period between the beginning of the French Revolution and Napoleon’s exile, France had undergone many social and political changes that have permanently affected the way France is today. The French Government was largely affected by the Revolution, in more ways than one. The French Revolution began because the majority of France was fed up with the way King Louis XVI was putting the country in debt and then only taxing the Third Estate, whom didn’t have enough money to pay the taxes. To resolve the problem of debt, King Louis called upon the Estates General, a representative group of all three Estates to discuss the debt crisis. Members of the Third Estate broke off from the Estates General, and took an oath that they would...
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...The French Revolution © Student Handouts, Inc. www.studenthandouts.com The Old Regime (Ancien Regime) • Old Regime – socio-political system which existed in most of Europe during the 18th century • Countries were ruled by absolutism – the monarch had absolute control over the government • Classes of people – privileged and unprivileged – Unprivileged people – paid taxes and treated badly – Privileged people – did not pay taxes and treated well Society under the Old Regime • In France, people were divided into three estates – First Estate • High-ranking members of the Church • Privileged class – Second Estate • Nobility • Privileged class – Third Estate • Everyone else – from peasants in the countryside to wealthy bourgeoisie merchants in the cities • Unprivileged class The Three Estates Estate Privileges Exemptions •Collected the tithe •Censorship of the press •Control of education •Kept records of births, deaths, marriages, etc. •Catholic faith held honored position of being the state religion (practiced by monarch and nobility) •Owned 20% of the land •Paid no taxes •Subject to Church law rather than civil law •Moral obligation (rather than legal obligation) to assist the poor and needy •Support the monarchy and Old Regime •Collected taxes in the form of feudal dues •Monopolized military and state appointments •Owned 20% of the land •Paid no taxes •Support the monarchy and Old Regime •Nobles First Population •Circa 25,000,000 •None •None •Paid all taxes...
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...The French Revolution, which took place at the end of the 18th century, was perhaps the most significant revolution in history to date. Not only did it have an enormous impact on politics and social order within France but also across the European continent which was, at that period in history, the fulcrum of civilisation and modernity. A bitter dispute ensued about the French principles of ‘liberty, equality and fraternity’. This essay intends to focus on the impact that the Revolution had on Britain at that time and we will reflect on the influence that literary writings had upon shaping Britain’s views of the revolution and its espoused ideals, and in turn the consequences that they would have on British society into the 19th century. Leading up to the beginning of the French Revolution political and social unrest was spreading in Britain. The country was divided on one argument: the rights of man. On one side of the argument were the radicals who strongly supported a new form of government, that of elective democracy. This group were countered by the loyalists who adamantly opposed such drastic changes and remained allegiant to the church and the monarchy. Loyalists vehemently opposed what they saw as the threat against traditional British values. The radicals were part of a post-enlightenment movement that believed citizenship and its right derived from natural human rights such as that of all men being allowed to take part in politic regardless of their status or background...
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...Revolution is defined as the replacement of an old system with a new one, usually implemented forcefully. During the period of 1789-1799, the French revolution was revolutionary to an extent. France saw varying dramatic changes socially and politically. Its ideas, driven by the enlightenment movement, (thought which challenged divine right and promoted the use of reason and thinking for ones-self) influenced the global political landscape, and laid the foundations for future revolutions. The declaration of the rights of man was certainly revolutionary for its time, and such a document has been the precursor to modern day human rights. The very idea France, a country so traditionally routed in absolutist rule, had a revolution to challenge...
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...Doran Fogle The French Revolution, which included Napoleon’s reign, is considered a major turning point in world history. This revolution led to major changes in France and other nations and regions worldwide, inspiring and acting as a catalyst to many more movements across the world. Social, political, and economic circumstances in France contributed to the disapproval felt by many French people, especially those in the third estate, who paid most of the taxes. The unfair power of the king, unfair taxation, new ideas, and stories of people who had it better frustrated this third estate and brewed deep in France, with no attention from the king his cauldron boiled over. King Louis XIV and Louis XVI had extravagant lifestyles which caused many political concerns. France was spending more money than it was...
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...similarities between the French, Russian and the Chinese Revolutions. An overview of how the tables have turned and how History has contributed in several ways to major political and social structuring that is taking place all around the globe in today’s world is a must in order to be able to link History with current affairs and better understand how and why certain historical events took place and had enough significance to challenge the existing system. The French, Russian and the Chinese revolutions are a perfect example of how totalitarian rule faced a strong challenge and with time was unable to resist this gradually fell apart. The revolutions paved way towards emancipation of the masses. The French revolutions success had a domino effect, the Russian followed in its footsteps and so did the Chinese. These revolutions may have not been exactly the same in nature but they did have similarities as far as causes and effects are concerned. This paper will work out an explanation of the causes and outcomes of the French Revolution of 1787-1800, the Russian Revolution of 1917-1921, and the Chinese Revolution of 1911-1949 and a detailed analysis of the three revolutions and historical references that will help understand the uprisings in a more credible manner and how although these revolutions took place at different times but their underlying goal was in many ways similar and to this day we see revolutionary leaders using the above mentioned revolutions as references to motivate...
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...The French Revolution was a period of time in France when the people overthrew the monarchy and took control of the government. It began on July 14, 1789. Before the French Revolution, the people of France were divided into social groups called "Estates." The First Estate included the clergy (church leaders), the Second Estate included the nobles, and the Third Estate included the commoners. Most of the people were members of the Third Estate. The Third Estate paid most of the taxes, while the nobility lived lives of luxury and got all the high-ranking jobs. Extravagant spending by King Louis XVI (1754-1793) and his predecessor had left the country on the brink of bankruptcy. In 1789, the French government was in a major financial crisis. The...
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...Louis XIV failed to do so and lost his head as a result. In addition, Louis XIV knew how to retain and maintain power, especially over the nobles. The very act of establishing Versailles as a seat of government control forced the nobles to come to him and seek his support. He was adept at playing the nobles off against each other, and was practically the archetype of absolute power. Although he certainly made mistakes such as his foreign wars, he kept a tight rein on...
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...How do Pressures Applied upon France Impact the Citizen’s Tendencies to Vote Left or Right? In every country throughout history governments have shifted between left and right peacefully and forcefully. When pressures are applied upon a country, the citizens react emotionally and physically, and vote for governments they believe can best suit their needs. The shifts are fuelled by emotion and thus, governments swing from left to right and back again faster than a church tower clock. With the first written records of France dating back to the Iron Age, the region once under the control of Julius Caesar, and 1000 years of powerful kings ruling from the fall of Rome to the French Revolution, France’s history is illustrious (France Profile). A mostly rural country, France is a nation of workers, and of fierce individualism (Siegfried). The French Revolution and abolishment of the monarchy in 1793 were the first instances where the people chose a ruler based on their views instead of heritage (The French Revolution). Admittedly, the French Revolution did plunge...
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...In this essay, I will be tracing the development of the French Revolution and its impact by examining the following four phases (all of which led to the development of the other), Constitutional Monarchy/The National Assembly (1789-1791), The Reign of Terror (1792-1794), The Directory (1795-1799), and The Age of Napoleon (1799-1815). In this essay I argue that the French Revolution was caused by the worsening condition of the French monarchy, economic depression, and New Ideas of the Enlightenment Movement and the French Revolution resulted in radical social, economic, and political change throughout France. A Constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a king or queen acts as Head of State. The ability to make and pass...
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...French Revolution and Napoleonic Era Essay By: Danny Buck October 31, 2014 Mr. Murphy French Revolution and Napoleonic Era Essay In this essay I am going to attempt to explain how certain ideas and ideals affected the French Revolution and its participants. The world had already under gone political changes by the time that the French Revolution came along. The United States had declared its independence from Great Britain and had fought a war of independence. Great Britain has been governed mostly by parliament since the 1700’s. As I understand it, parliament has grown stronger over the years and the monarchy has grown weaker. It was now France’s turn at independence and democracy. However that did not happen for a while. Their first step was getting rid of the monarchy. Liberty Liberty means being free and not being bound by the old ways and the old ideas. By the time of the French Revolution, the people were ready for liberty. Many philosophers for years had written about liberty and other ideas that rejected the feudal system and keeping people in bondage. The Age of Enlightenment had come to Europe and the old systems of power and faith were changing. Since the 1650’s philosophers had been writing about new ideas and new ways of thinking and the people of France finally embraced those ideas near the end of the eighteenth century. The French people were suffering in poverty and they realized the power of the monarchy was keeping them that way and that...
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...“Napoleon – Revolutionary Influence or Beneficiary?” Napoleon Bonaparte is widely regarded as one of the greatest military commanders of all time. At the height of his power, he had “expanded the conquests of France from her revolutionary borders to that of an empire that stretched from Spain to the steppes of Russia.”[1] In his book The Napoleonic Wars, noted historian Gunther Rothenberg states that Napoleon “created the most effective army of its time, transforming the art of war itself.”[2] While it is true that the French army under Napoleon was the superior force in Europe for some time, credit for its creation and the ways in which it was employed can not be attributed to him alone. In fact, as Hew Strachan points out in European Armies and the Conduct of War, “The components, the technology and the techniques of Napoleonic warfare were all present before Bonaparte’s first successful campaign in 1796.”[3] Napoleon was indeed a superb military commander, but he inherited, rather than created, the conditions and practices which enabled his success. Napoleonic warfare was dominated by large, mobile armies. Decisive battles were sought and the primacy of the offensive was encouraged. The destruction of the enemy’s forces took precedence over geographic aims and victory was to be pursued at all costs. Warfare under Napoleon has been described as being more ‘total’ in nature than those which preceded him. There is little doubt that the ways in which wars were...
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