...2013 AP Course Descriptions are updated regularly. Please visit AP Central ® (apcentral.collegeboard.org) to determine whether a more recent Course Description PDF is available. The College Board The College Board is a mission-driven not-for-profit organization that connects students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board was created to expand access to higher education. Today, the membership association is made up of more than 5,900 of the world’s leading educational institutions and is dedicated to promoting excellence and equity in education. Each year, the College Board helps more than seven million students prepare for a successful transition to college through programs and services in college readiness and college success — including the SAT® and the Advanced Placement Program®. The organization also serves the education community through research and advocacy on behalf of students, educators, and schools. For further information, visit www.collegeboard.org. AP Equity and Access Policy The College Board strongly encourages educators to make equitable access a guiding principle for their AP programs by giving all willing and academically prepared students the opportunity to participate in AP. We encourage the elimination of barriers that restrict access to AP for students from ethnic, racial, and socioeconomic groups that have been traditionally underserved. Schools should make every effort to ensure their AP classes...
Words: 8273 - Pages: 34
...Student McResearcher Mr. Milroy Honors World Literature [DUE DATE] The Enlightenment and the Atlantic Revolutions Before the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment movement in the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries, divine reasoning and superstition were the explanation for unknown events, leadership, and government. Kings and emperors were justified by the gods or God of the people. People were killed due to accusations of witchcraft because there was no other explanation for the peculiar event that took place. Religion was the center of almost everyone’s life, and it explained many unknown elements of the world, such as creation. However, with new ideas and a scientific background, the world went through drastic changes. The Enlightenment, with its new radical ideas, particularly about government and human reason, served as the basis and...
Words: 1574 - Pages: 7
...AP ® WORLD HISTORY Modified Essay Questions for Exam Practice This document provides modifications of the AP World History Comparative and Continuity and Change-Over-Time (CCOT) essay questions from the 2002 to the 2010 operational exams. The modified questions provide examples of essay questions that align more closely with the Curriculum Framework for the revised course as of the 2011-12 academic year. The accompanying rationale for each question explains the revisions. 2 Mission Statement The College Board’s mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. We are a not-for-profit membership organization committed to excellence and equity in education. About the College Board The College Board is a mission-driven not-for-profit organization that connects students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board was created to expand access to higher education. Today, the membership association is made up of more than 5,900 of the world’s leading educational institutions and is dedicated to promoting excellence and equity in education. Each year, the College Board helps more than seven million students prepare for a successful transition to college through programs and services in college readiness and college success — including the SAT® and the Advanced Placement Program®. The organization also serves the education community through research and advocacy on behalf of students, educators and schools. For further...
Words: 1866 - Pages: 8
...Hassan 1 Hussein Hassan Mr. Horn AP Seminar February 2 2015 The Perfect Human: The Flaws in Modern Eugenics With global technologies rapidly advancing, specifically those based in the field of genetics, one might wonder where humanity is headed in terms of their offspring. The answer? Modern eugenics. Francis Galton's eugenics, centered around forced sterilization and selective breeding to eliminate undesirable traits and foster the spread of more advantageous ones (Galton), is dead. However, the idea of focusing on one’s inherited genes to eliminate passed down diseases is alive and well, albeit in a more “modern” fashion. Is modern eugenics the right way of the future for humanity? To what extent should modern eugenics be viable? Before ambitious genetic projects had begun, such as the Human Genome Project which mapped out the entirety of the human genome (Genome.gov), the only way to tamper with an individual’s genes was through their parents. Gregor Mendel earned the moniker “The Father of Genetics” because of his experiments involving the breeding of plants in the mid 19th century (Biography.com). However, modern eugenics focuses on the genes of child more than the parents through abortions and the genetic altering of the embryo to achieve the desired results. This can be achieved through a process called genetic screening, which observes an embryo’s chromosomes for any lapses or breaks (Galloway a). Embryo’s that show signs of a genetic disorders...
Words: 1544 - Pages: 7
...International News on the Internet: Why more is less Chris Paterson This study examines the intersection of news agency political economy and cyberspace information exchange between 2001 and 2006 in an effort to determine if online news has corrected – or replicated – the inequities and limitations of the international journalism provided by ‘traditional media’. Through comparisons of content at major online news sites and the output of major news wholesalers, this research is the first to demonstrate that the international news most online users consult is that of just two news agencies. This research finds an online news environment with little real information diversity – a situation at odds with a decade and a half of fervour for the democratizing potential of new media. Keywords: News agencies, online journalism, Reuters, associated press, news sources, international news New media have often been deemed inherently democratizing and liberating, offering the prospect of freeing us all from a long standing dependence on a few powerful information providers and the “mainstream” discourse they offer. McNair (2003) hailed recent internet evolution and its infinite possibilities for horizontal communication, the demystification and deprofessionalization of journalism, and endless information choice, suggesting that the chaos of the contemporary communications environment may lay to rest concerns about the power of traditional media monoliths upholding the status...
Words: 8397 - Pages: 34
...Chad Muhlbauer #462436 Legal @ Social Environment of Business Heidi Noonan-Day Section 03 Casey Anthony Trial For the past three years, people have tuned-in to television, radio, newspapers, and the internet to hear the latest news on the famous Casey Anthony trial. During June and July of 2011, there wasn't a TV station that didn't have coverage on it. It was a case many mothers and fathers could relate to because it dealt with the everlasting love between a parent and their child; or so they thought. In this paper I'm going to talk about why the jury found Casey innocent of first degree murder and what is wrong with the American Justice System that allows guilty people like her walk free. How far does reasonable doubt go? Also, I want to talk about why the case hit so close to home for many people that followed along with the case, and what needs to be done regarding child abuse laws in Florida. First off, let us get the facts of the case straight. Casey Anthony waited 31 days to report her two-year-old daughter Caylee missing, in the summer of 2008. At first she told authorities that her nanny had kidnapped her, then went back on her word and said later in the trial process that she drowned in her parents swimming pool. Casey also lied to police about having a job and made up stories about future plans she had with her daughter. Testimonies and video footage also showed Casey out shopping, drinking, and hanging with friends during the time Caylee was “missing”...
Words: 2372 - Pages: 10
...patient’s medical history and identify problems or patterns that may help determine the course of health care. Doctors can also deliver specific test results in comprehensible formats to their patients using graph and charts in detailed description of patients’ health status and treatment decisions fast and accurately. EMR can minimize errors in medical records caused by human errors such as misspelling and differing in terminologies. It can also keep the records safe when paper records can be lost easily and lost forever due to fire, floods and other catastrophes and disasters. It is a definitely cost effective compared to paper based records. EMR is only a click away and it can be accessed anytime globally, saves storage space and especially environmentally friendly. Technology over the years has dramatically impacted the way we use and handle information. Any paper-based information are now being converted to electronic format and stored in a central location for easy access. An EMR system implementation would significantly reduce clinician workload and medical errors which will also save the US healthcare system major expense. Meanwhile, patient’s medical records have to be more secure in order to switch from paper system to EMR system. Hospitals and medical offices has a huge responsibility to make sure that Information Data security is in compliance with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), etc...
Words: 955 - Pages: 4
...Amazon Evolution Amazon Evolution Amazon.com, Inc. first debuted on the web in 1995, but the company did not go public until 1997 when it became the first Internet retailer to secure one million customers ("Amazon.com, Inc.," 2004). Amazon’s original mission statement states: “We seek to offer the Earth’s Biggest Selection and to be the Earth’s most customer-centric company, where customers can find and discover anything they may want to buy online.” ("Amazon.com, Inc.," 2004). Unfortunately, Amazon.com is struggling to reach that goal; competition is increasing in the online retail sector and Amazons profits are falling under such companies as Wal-Mart. Amazons infrastructure is among the biggest and most reliable in the world. However, the company only uses 10% of its processing capacity (O'Brien & Marakas, 2009). Amazon has decided to branch out to utilize more of its infrastructure by offering three services that will make the infrastructure available to companies and individuals to help with running the technical and logistical parts of their business. The first service being offered is called, Simple Storage Service (S3). The S3 service will charge a customer 15 cents per gigabyte per month to store a company’s data and applications on Amazon disk drives. This service is in a competitors market just like online retailers; companies like Dell, Trend Micro, and many more offer companies or individuals to purchase storage space online. The second service that...
Words: 745 - Pages: 3
...document. The National Telecommunications Commission provided incalculable support; without their assistance, this report would not have been possible. Equally, the report would not have been possible without the cooperation of the many from the Filipino public and private ICT sector who offered their time to the reports authors. The kind hospitality of Philippine Electronics and Telecommunications Federation (PETEF) is also acknowledged. We would also like to thank N. Santiago of Globe and A. Bengzon, Undersecretary for Communications, for their insightful comments. The report is one of a series of case studies examining the Internet in South East Asia carried out in 2001. Additional information is available on the ITUs Internet Case Study web page at http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/cs/. The report may not necessarily reflect the opinions of the ITU, its members or the government of the Republic of the Philippines. The title refers to the Filipino (Tagalog) word Pinoy meaning Filipinos by Heart. The SMS message appearing on the mobile phone screen (Kmusta txt k nman) is also in Tagalog and means Hello, can you send me a text message. © ITU 2002 ii Contents 1. Country background ............................................................ 1 1.1 Overview ............................................................................ 1 1.2 Demography ........................................................................ 1 1.3 Economy...
Words: 28120 - Pages: 113
...Meeting 2: ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning) Enterprise resource planning systems or enterprise systems are software systems for business management, encompassing modules supporting functional areas such as planning, manufacturing, sales, marketing, distribution, accounting, financial, human resource management, project management, inventory management, service and maintenance, transportation and e-business. Starting in the late 1980’s-1990’s, ERP targeted large, complex organizations. The architecture of the software facilitates transparent integration of modules, providing flow of information between all functions within the enterprise in a consistently visible manner. ERP systems concept: Evolution of ERP: ERP II systems is a new concept introduced by Gartner Group in 2000 in order to label the latest extensions of the ERP-systems. The purpose of this paper is to explore the next generation of ERP systems, the Extended Enterprise Resource Planning(eERP). The prime functionalities of the the (eERP) systems are E-commerce, Supply Chain Management (SCM), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Business Intelligence (BI), Advance Planning and Scheduling (APS). What to look for in an ERP system to fill the gaps, which in turn improves accuracy of information and accelerates data flow, an ERP solution can help your company streamline day-to-day tasks and free up staff to focus on more complex issues that require more personalized attention. As a result, you can improve...
Words: 1247 - Pages: 5
...Juvenalian Satire Satire has many definitions, but according to Merriam Webster satire can be defined as “A literary work holding up human vices and follies to ridicule or scorn” (Webster). This definition is likely used by many authors who exercise the application of satire. Satire has been in literature since ancient times; it is derived from the Latin satura, meaning "dish of mixed fruits," (Weisgerber). Many satirists have shared a common aim: to expose foolishness in all its guises — vanity, hypocrisy, formalism, reverence, and the intolerance toward those who hold different opinions from oneself (Moyers). As previously mentioned, the term satire was originally derived from satura, defined by Quintilian, a roman rhetorician (Clarke). It was later discovered that two Roman poets, Juvenal and Horace, were responsible for further defining satirical works by their literary tone (Moyers). Thus, creating a systematic way to categorize satire into two different types, Horatian satire which approaches satirical observations, literature and performance in a humorous and lighthearted manner, and Juvenalian satire, which focuses on specific verbal or literary attacks on corrupt ideals or individuals (Weisgerber). I view Horatian satire as clever and humorous and find that it generally mocks others. Horatian is not negative; it aims to make fun of human behavior in a comic way. In a work using Horatian satire, readers often laugh at the characters in the story who are the subject of...
Words: 1893 - Pages: 8
...access to resources on another system or on a network. This usually happens when a PC attempts to access a printer across the network. * Processes- A process is most commonly a subject when an application process requests low-level access to the file system. * Applications- An application is a subject when it needs to access external resources such as a printer or the network. *A technology subject doesn’t have a username & password the way a human subject might, but it does have the same authorized, unauthorized, or unknown status. P.6 2) A well-defined access ctrl system consists of 3 elements: *Policies- Rules developed by someone with a strong knowledge of the organization, its assets, goals & challenges. *Procedures- Nontechnical methods used to enforce policies. *Tools- Technical methods used to enforce policies. *Organizations typically use procedures & tools together to enforce policies. P.5 3) The purpose of access ctrl is to regulate interactions between a subject which is usually, but not always, a human user, and an object such as data, a network, or device. The key difference between the subject and the object is passivity: the subject acts upon a passive object. There are 3 key components of access ctrl: identification, authentication, & authorization. P.16 4) Confidence in any authentication system can be measured by 2 components: the type...
Words: 2358 - Pages: 10
...NT1210 Introduction to Networking Unit 1: Mid-Term Mid Term Review 1 Nibble, Byte, Word, Double Word Nibble, Byte, Word, Double Word Figure 1-2 2 Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte Size (2N Bytes) Term Size (Bytes) Kilobyte Megabyte Gigabyte Terabyte 1024 1,048,576 1,073,741,824 1,099,511,627,776 Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte 210 220 230 240 Rounded by Size (Bytes) 1,000 1,000,000 1,000,000,000 1,000,000,000,000 Table 1-1 3 Random Access Memory (RAM) Physically exists as set of microchips installed on plastic card (memory module) Central Processing Unit (CPU) uses RAM like people g ( ) p p use notepad Stores binary value so can use it later Can read data from RAM to recall value stored earlier CPU sends electrical signal over bus (electrical pathway) to communicate with RAM 4 Random Access Memory (RAM) (cont.) RAM uses address for each unique memory location where byte can be stored To write to RAM: CPU sends signal to RAM over the bus g to write (store) value into byte of RAM Address in RAM Value to be written To read from RAM: CPU uses similar process (see example in Figure 1-3 on next slide) 5 CPU Reads Byte 4 from RAM The CPU uses the same bus to read the current value of a byte in RAM as it does to send a message to RAM. The read request lists the address of the particular byte, asking for its value. RAM returns the binary value stored at that address. CPU Reads Byte 4 from RAM 6 Figure 1-3 Writing Individual Bits in Byte 4 of RAM...
Words: 11596 - Pages: 47
...Information System Functionality 1. Main contents 1) Why Timely and Accurate Information is Critical for Effective Logistics Systems Design and Operations. (“Without accurate information the effort involved in the logistical system can be wasted.” in Chapter Two) There are four reasons why timely and accurate information has become more critical for effective logistics systems design and operations:a) Customer perceive information about order status, product availability, delivery schedule, shipment tracking, and invoices as necessary elements of total customer service. Customers demand access to real time information. b) With the goal of reducing total supply chain assets, managers realize that information can be used to reduce inventory and human resource requirements. In particular, requirements planning using the most current information can reduce inventory by minimizing demand uncertainty. c) Information increases flexibility with regard to how, when, and where resources may be utilized to gain strategic advantage. d) Enhanced information transfer and exchange capability utilizing the Internet is changing relationships between buyers and redefining channel relationships. (“channel relationships”, see PP.109-114) 2)...
Words: 2841 - Pages: 12
...programs and resources. Academic excellence is the prime goal, but the importance of the total university experience is also recognized. Student enrolment is 76,000; the faculty numbers 10,391. A mong the University’s many outstanding resources is its library system, rated one of the top five in North America. More than 40 libraries contain the most comprehensive collection of research material in Canada. There is residence space for over 8,300 students, a health service, an advisory bureau, an international student centre, a career centre, a housing service, restaurants, bookstores, athletic and recreational facilities and facilities for music, theatre and debate. LOCATION Toronto is one of the friendliest and safest cities in the world. There are three locations at which students may study. U of T St. George is located in the heart of downtown Toronto; U of T Scarborough is 22 km (14 miles) to the east of U of T St. George; and U of T Mississauga is 27 km (17 miles) to the west of U of T St. George. All three campuses offer studies in arts, science, business and education; most of the professional faculties are located at U of T St. George. FOR MORE INFORMATION Admissions and Awards 172 St. George Street Toronto, ON, Canada M5R 0A3 Telephone: 416-978-2190 Websites: www.adm.utoronto.ca discover.utoronto.ca > > Mississauga Toronto Toronto City Centre VISIT U OF T U OF T ST. GEORGE 416-978-5000 discover.utoronto.ca/visits SCARBOROUGH CAMPUS MISSISSAUGA...
Words: 7578 - Pages: 31
